Kazakhname Isidanish Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesikazakh yinkqubo ebaluleke ngakumbi njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka likhula. Ngokukhula kweemarike zehlabathi, kukho imfuneko enkulu yeenkonzo ezichanekileyo zokuguqulela zasekazakh. Ukuguqulela ikazakh kwezinye iilwimi kwaye ngokuchaseneyo kunokuba yinkqubo ekhohlisayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda ulwimi kunye negrama yalo, kunye nokwahluka kwenkcubeko phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kubonelelwe ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, kunye nezinye republics zangaphambili Soviet. Kuye kwaphenjelelwa sisiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Olu lwimi luneelwimi ezine: Umzantsi, Umntla, Umzantsi-Mpuma Nentshona. Kuxhomekeka kuguqulelo lolwimi lwesiyelelane, imigaqo ethile yegrama neyokusetyenziswa isenokutshintsha. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba wazi zonke iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uqalise iprojekthi yokuguqulela.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ube novelwano kwimiba yenkcubeko enokuchaphazela indlela ulwimi olubonwa ngayo. Umzekelo, ulwimi olusemthethweni luhlala lusetyenziswa xa kuxutyushwa imicimbi yezoshishino, ngelixa ulwimi olungacwangciswanga luhlala lukhethwa kwiingxoxo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iminyaka yomguquleli, njengoko abaguquleli abancinci banokungazi amagama amadala okanye amabinzana asenokuba ebesetyenziswa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba abaguquleli baqhelane nealfabhethi kunye nenkqubo yokubhala ulwimi abaluguqulelayo. I-Kazakh ibhalwe ngoonobumba abathathu abahlukeneyo, kodwa Isicyrillic sesona sixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Ukongeza, ulwimi lunemiqondiso yalo ebhaliweyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa iguqulela.

Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo yesikazakh ifuna ukuqonda ulwimi, iziyelelane zayo, iindlela zenkcubeko noonobumba. Ngokuqwalasela zonke ezi nkalo, abaguquleli banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zidlulisela ngokuchanileyo umyalezo ekujoliswe kuwo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasekazakh?

I-kazakhstan lulwimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan, kunye nokuthethwa Erashiya nakwiindawo Zasechina, E-Afghanistan, Eturkey Nasemongolia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesikazakh?

Imbali yolwimi lwasekazakh isusela emva phayaa kwiminyaka yee-1400 xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi olubhaliweyo phakathi kwezizwe ezithetha isiturkiki ezazihlala kumbindi Asia. Kukholelwa ukuba amagama amaninzi kulwimi lwesikazakh abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, kunye nesipersi, isiarabhu nesirashiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwasekazakhstan lwaba lolona lwimi luphambili Ekazakhstan, yaye emva kwexesha Likastalin, lwaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekazakhstan ngowe-1996. Namhlanje, kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11, ubukhulu becala Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan Naserashiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasekazakh?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (1845-1904) - owaziwa Ngokubanzi Ngokuba Nguyise woncwadi Lwangoku lwasekazakh, imbongi kunye nefilosofi eyazisa isitayile esitsha soncwadi kunye nolwimi lwanamhlanje.
2. Umagzhan Zhumabayev (1866-1938) - umbhali kunye notitshala obekwe emgangathweni iskripthi solwimi lwasekazakh sangoku.
3. Umukhtar Auezov ( 1897-1961) - umbhali obalaseleyo, umbhali wokudlala, Kunye Nomphathiswa wokuqala Wemfundo Esoviet Kazakhstan, obizwa ngokudibanisa nokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwasekazakh.
4. Ugabit Musrepov (1894-1937) - ingcali yeelwimi, utitshala, kunye ne-ethnographer owayenegalelo lokuqala kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh.
5. Uyerlan Nysanbayev (1903-1971) - umguquleli wolwimi kunye nomsunguli We-Kazakh Academy Of Sciences ofake igalelo elikhulu ekuphuculweni kolwimi lwasekazakh.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwasekazakh?

Ubume bolwimi lwasekazakh bunobugagu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa i-morphemes ukuba nganye inentsingiselo enye. I-Kazakh nayo ine-syntax ephelele, oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo wesigatya esingenanto kunye nento yesigatya sokuhamba sinokuboniswa ngendlela efanayo. Ulwimi lukwanamatyala asithoba ezibizo kunye nezenzi ezithandathu.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekazakh ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Funda ialfabhethi kunye nendlela yokufunda, ukubhala nokubiza amagama. 2. Funda igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Unokufumana izibonelelo ezininzi eziluncedo kwi-intanethi. 3. Mamela umculo wasekazakh kwaye ubukele iimovie zasekazakh KUNYE nemiboniso YETV ukuze uqhelane nolwimi oluthethwayo. 4. Ziqhelanise nomhlohli okanye isithethi somthonyama. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelisele ukuthetha nokuva ulwimi ukuba lutyibilike. 5. Qhubeka ufunda. Bekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye lokusebenza ekufundeni nasekuziqhelaniseni ulwimi. 6. Breathe into culture. Ukufunda iincwadi, ukumamela umculo, kunye nokufunda malunga nendlela yokuphila yasekazakh kuya kukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi.

Ukuguqulelwa kwesidanish: Isishwankathelo Senkonzo

Idenmark lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwasedenmark, kwaye ikwathethwa ngesigreenland Nakwiziqithi Zefaroe. Ngenxa yoko, inkonzo yokuguqulela yasedenmark iye yaba sisixhobo esibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini nakubantu ngokufanayo. Kunye yayo elide kwaye storied imbali, Danish ulwimi lilitye lembombo Danish inkcubeko kunye uchazo, kwaye sele yamkelwe ngamanye amazwe ngokunjalo.

Kwinqanaba layo elisisiseko, inguqulelo yesidanish ibandakanya ukuguqula isicatshulwa ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye. Le nkqubo ifuna abaguquleli abanezakhono abaqonda izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zolwimi lwasedenmark kwaye banokukutolika ngokuchanekileyo oko kuthethwayo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela ziquka ukuguqulelwa koxwebhu, iwebhusayithi kunye nesoftware yendawo, ukutolikwa kwenkomfa, ukudityaniswa kwendawo, ukukhutshelwa komsindo kunye nevidiyo, kunye noguqulelo olusemthethweni. Ukuchaneka koxwebhu oluguqulelweyo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho womsebenzi womguquleli.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli wasedenmark, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele inqanaba labo lobuchule kunye namava. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo zolwimi lwasedenmark kwaye abe nokuqonda kwenkcubeko kunye namasiko ahambelana nayo. Kwakhona kufuneka bakwazi ukunikezela ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo uxwebhu lwantlandlolo ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Ukuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wokuguqulela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaxwebhu anesigama esinzima somthetho okanye sobugcisa afuna inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule kunamaxwebhu aqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi olukhethekileyo kulo mbandela ukuze aqinisekise ukuchaneka.

Kuba website okanye software localization, kukho izinto ezininzi eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iwebhusayithi okanye isoftware kufuneka yenziwe ngokwezifiso kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwaye ibekwe kwindawo ngolwimi nenkcubeko yabo. Akufuneki kuphela ukuba umxholo uchaneke, kodwa kufuneka kube lula ukuhamba, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ikholise ngobuhle. Ukongeza, inkqubo yendawo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo nayiphi na imiba yenkcubeko eya kudibana nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukutolikwa kwenkomfa kufuna itoliki enezakhono ukumamela nokuqonda iincoko phakathi kwabantu ababini nangaphezulu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Itoliki kufuneka ikwazi ukuyitolika ngokuchanekileyo incoko ngelixa igcina ingqibelelo yomyalezo.

I-multimedia yendawo ibandakanya ukuguqulelwa kwezinto ezivakalayo kunye nezibonakalayo kulwimi olujoliswe kuyo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela lufuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo ulwimi lomthombo kunye nolwimi olujoliswe kuyo.

Ukukhutshelwa kweaudiyo kunye nevidiyo kubandakanya ukuthatha ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo kunye nokuziguqula zibe ngumbhalo obhaliweyo. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi olusetyenziswa ekurekhodeni kunye nentsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Okokugqibela, uguqulelo olusemthethweni lubandakanya ukuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu asemthethweni afana nezivumelwano, imibhalo yenkundla, izigwebo kunye nemithetho. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde isigama esisemthethweni esinxulumene nala maxwebhu kwaye bakwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Ngamafutshane, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesidanish zivumela iinkampani nabantu ngabanye ukuba banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo noogxa babo abathetha isidanish. Abaguquleli abanobuchule nabanamava babalulekile kwiinguqulelo eziphumelelayo nakutoliko oluchanileyo. Xa ukhetha umguquleli, amashishini kunye nabantu kufuneka baqwalasele amanqanaba omguquleli wobuchule kunye namava, kunye nohlobo loxwebhu abafuna ukuluguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasedenmark?

Ulwimi lwasedenmark luthethwa kakhulu Edenmark nakwiindawo Ezithile Zasejamani Nasefaroe Islands. Ikwathethwa ngomlinganiselo omncinci luluntu oluncinci Enorway, Esweden Nasekhanada.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesintu zasedenmark?

Ulwimi lwasedenmark lunembali etyebileyo ethatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eliwaka, ilandelela imvelaphi yayo emva Kwiilwimi Ezindala Zasenorse kunye nezinye iziyelelane Zasemantla Ejamani. Ngexesha Leviking Age, idanish yayilolona lwimi luthethwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yidenmark nomzantsi Wesweden. Yaqhubeka isetyenziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasedenmark kude kube malunga nenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwasedenmark. Phakathi kwee-1800, idanish yayilulwimi lwesibini oluthethwa Kakhulu Edenmark emva kwesijamani. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwavela ngeenguqu ezininzi ze-phonological, morphological, kunye ne-lexical. Namhlanje, idanish lulwimi lwesizwe zombini Idenmark Kunye Neziqithi Zefaroe, kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-6 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasedenmark?

1. I-Nfs Grundtvig (1783-1872): eyaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise wedanish Yanamhlanje," Ugrundtvig wabhala ezininzi zeengoma zesizwe Zasedenmark kwaye wancedisa ukubumba ulwimi lwangoku.
2. Uadam Oehlenschläger (1779-1850): imbongi kunye nomdlali wokudlala, ubizwa ngokudala amagama amaninzi asedenmark, afana ne "ørnen" (ukhozi).
3. Urasmus Rask (1787-1832): i-philologist kunye neelwimi, Urask waqulunqa inkqubo yokubhala isidanish eyayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kude kube ngama-1900.
4. Ujacob Peter Mynster (1775-1854): umfundisi Wezakwaluthere kunye nembongi, wabhala ngokubanzi ngesidanish kwaye watyebisa ulwimi ngamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
5. I-Knud Holbøl (1909-1969): eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Reformer Of Language Danish," I-Holbøl yayinoxanduva lokuzisa imithetho emitsha kunye nesigama kulwimi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Danish?

Ulwimi Lwasedenmark lulwimi Lwasedenmark oluvela emantla Ejamani. I-swedish kwaye Norwegian, nto leyo yenza mutually intelligible ulwimi continuity. Idanish ibonakaliswa yi-morphology elula kunye ne-syntax. Ulwimi ikakhulu I-svo (Into Yesenzi Sesifundo) ngokulandelelana kwegama kwaye inezenzi ezimbalwa kunye namatyala esibizo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasedenmark ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda igrama esisiseko, ukubiza, kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi sesidanish ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwizihloko ezinzima. Funda iziseko zolwimi olubhaliweyo ngokunjalo ukuze uqonde ukuba amagama abhalwe njani kwaye akhiwe njani xa uwafunda.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeencwadi zezifundo, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezifundo zomsindo. Ukutyala imali kwikhosi elungileyo yasedenmark kuya konga ixesha kunye nemali ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kukuncede ufunde ulwimi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
3. Mamela iingxoxo zesidanish kunye nomculo. Ziqhelanise nokuqonda iincoko ngesidanish ngokumamela unomathotholo wasedenmark, iipodcasts, okanye ukubukela iividiyo Zeyoutube. Kwakhona, mamela umculo wasedenmark njengoko uya kukunceda uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokugxininisa.
4. Zikhuphelele eli khadi lomntu osebhayibhileni. Chitha ixesha uhlala Edenmark, nxibelelana rhoqo nezithethi zomthonyama zasedenmark, kwaye ubukele imiboniso kamabonwakude yasedenmark. Ukuzijikeleza ngolwimi kuya kukunceda ukuba ulufunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngendlela yendalo.
5. Ziqhelise ukuthetha yonke imihla. Joyina iklabhu yencoko okanye ufumane iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha isidanish rhoqo. Ukuziqhelanisa nomhlohli okwi-intanethi okanye umqeqeshi wolwimi. Oku akuyi kukunceda nje ukuba ukhululeke ngakumbi ukuthetha ulwimi kodwa kuya kuphucula ukubiza kwakho kunye nokukhetha igama.