Kazakhname Iimpahla zolwimi Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesikazakh yinkqubo ebaluleke ngakumbi njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka likhula. Ngokukhula kweemarike zehlabathi, kukho imfuneko enkulu yeenkonzo ezichanekileyo zokuguqulela zasekazakh. Ukuguqulela ikazakh kwezinye iilwimi kwaye ngokuchaseneyo kunokuba yinkqubo ekhohlisayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda ulwimi kunye negrama yalo, kunye nokwahluka kwenkcubeko phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kubonelelwe ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, kunye nezinye republics zangaphambili Soviet. Kuye kwaphenjelelwa sisiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Olu lwimi luneelwimi ezine: Umzantsi, Umntla, Umzantsi-Mpuma Nentshona. Kuxhomekeka kuguqulelo lolwimi lwesiyelelane, imigaqo ethile yegrama neyokusetyenziswa isenokutshintsha. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba wazi zonke iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uqalise iprojekthi yokuguqulela.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ube novelwano kwimiba yenkcubeko enokuchaphazela indlela ulwimi olubonwa ngayo. Umzekelo, ulwimi olusemthethweni luhlala lusetyenziswa xa kuxutyushwa imicimbi yezoshishino, ngelixa ulwimi olungacwangciswanga luhlala lukhethwa kwiingxoxo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iminyaka yomguquleli, njengoko abaguquleli abancinci banokungazi amagama amadala okanye amabinzana asenokuba ebesetyenziswa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba abaguquleli baqhelane nealfabhethi kunye nenkqubo yokubhala ulwimi abaluguqulelayo. I-Kazakh ibhalwe ngoonobumba abathathu abahlukeneyo, kodwa Isicyrillic sesona sixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Ukongeza, ulwimi lunemiqondiso yalo ebhaliweyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa iguqulela.

Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo yesikazakh ifuna ukuqonda ulwimi, iziyelelane zayo, iindlela zenkcubeko noonobumba. Ngokuqwalasela zonke ezi nkalo, abaguquleli banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zidlulisela ngokuchanileyo umyalezo ekujoliswe kuwo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasekazakh?

I-kazakhstan lulwimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan, kunye nokuthethwa Erashiya nakwiindawo Zasechina, E-Afghanistan, Eturkey Nasemongolia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesikazakh?

Imbali yolwimi lwasekazakh isusela emva phayaa kwiminyaka yee-1400 xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi olubhaliweyo phakathi kwezizwe ezithetha isiturkiki ezazihlala kumbindi Asia. Kukholelwa ukuba amagama amaninzi kulwimi lwesikazakh abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, kunye nesipersi, isiarabhu nesirashiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwasekazakhstan lwaba lolona lwimi luphambili Ekazakhstan, yaye emva kwexesha Likastalin, lwaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekazakhstan ngowe-1996. Namhlanje, kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11, ubukhulu becala Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan Naserashiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasekazakh?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (1845-1904) - owaziwa Ngokubanzi Ngokuba Nguyise woncwadi Lwangoku lwasekazakh, imbongi kunye nefilosofi eyazisa isitayile esitsha soncwadi kunye nolwimi lwanamhlanje.
2. Umagzhan Zhumabayev (1866-1938) - umbhali kunye notitshala obekwe emgangathweni iskripthi solwimi lwasekazakh sangoku.
3. Umukhtar Auezov ( 1897-1961) - umbhali obalaseleyo, umbhali wokudlala, Kunye Nomphathiswa wokuqala Wemfundo Esoviet Kazakhstan, obizwa ngokudibanisa nokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwasekazakh.
4. Ugabit Musrepov (1894-1937) - ingcali yeelwimi, utitshala, kunye ne-ethnographer owayenegalelo lokuqala kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh.
5. Uyerlan Nysanbayev (1903-1971) - umguquleli wolwimi kunye nomsunguli We-Kazakh Academy Of Sciences ofake igalelo elikhulu ekuphuculweni kolwimi lwasekazakh.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwasekazakh?

Ubume bolwimi lwasekazakh bunobugagu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa i-morphemes ukuba nganye inentsingiselo enye. I-Kazakh nayo ine-syntax ephelele, oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo wesigatya esingenanto kunye nento yesigatya sokuhamba sinokuboniswa ngendlela efanayo. Ulwimi lukwanamatyala asithoba ezibizo kunye nezenzi ezithandathu.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekazakh ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Funda ialfabhethi kunye nendlela yokufunda, ukubhala nokubiza amagama. 2. Funda igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Unokufumana izibonelelo ezininzi eziluncedo kwi-intanethi. 3. Mamela umculo wasekazakh kwaye ubukele iimovie zasekazakh KUNYE nemiboniso YETV ukuze uqhelane nolwimi oluthethwayo. 4. Ziqhelanise nomhlohli okanye isithethi somthonyama. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelisele ukuthetha nokuva ulwimi ukuba lutyibilike. 5. Qhubeka ufunda. Bekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye lokusebenza ekufundeni nasekuziqhelaniseni ulwimi. 6. Breathe into culture. Ukufunda iincwadi, ukumamela umculo, kunye nokufunda malunga nendlela yokuphila yasekazakh kuya kukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi.

Ibelarus lilizwe Elisempuma Yurophu elinomda Werashiya, Iukraine, Ipoland, Ilithuania Nelatvia. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, uncwadi kunye neewebhusayithi Kwi-Belarusian yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano lwamazwe aphesheya, hayi kuphela Phakathi Kwebelarusians kunye nezinye izizwe kodwa nakwilizwe ngokwalo. Ngabemi abaphantse babe zizigidi ezili-10, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuguqulela ngokufanelekileyo Kwisibelarusian ukuze unxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nawo onke amacandelo oluntu kweli lizwe lahlukeneyo.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebelarus Sisibelarusian kwaye zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokubhala, zombini ezihlala zisetyenziswa ekuguquleleni: ialfabhethi yesilatini Kunye Nesicyrillic. Ialfabhethi yesilatini ivela kwisilatini, ulwimi Lobukhosi Baseroma, kwaye isetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi asentshona; inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nealfabhethi yasepoland. Ngeli xesha, I-Cyrillic, ephuma kwi-alfabhethi yesigrike kwaye yadalwa yimonki, inxulumene kakhulu nerashiya kwaye isetyenziswe kumazwe amaninzi Empuma Yurophu Naseasia Ephakathi.

Umguquleli Wasebelarusian kufuneka aqonde kakuhle zombini ialfabhethi ukuze adlulise ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo womthombo. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wegrama kunye nesigama Sasebelarusian, kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko Yasebelarusian, ukuze avelise uguqulelo oluchanekileyo.

Ukuguqulela Ukusuka Kwisingesi Ukuya Kwisibelarusian okanye Ukusuka Kwisibelarusian ukuya kwisingesi akunzima kangako, ukuba nje umguquleli uluqonda ulwimi kwaye uyakwazi ukuhambisa umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi unzima ngakumbi kwabo bafuna ukuguqulela Ukusuka Ebelarusian ukuya kolunye ulwimi olufana nesijamani, isifrentshi, okanye ispanish. Oku kungenxa yokuba umguquleli unokufuna ukuguqula umyalezo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo usebenzisa amagama okanye amabinzana angekhoyo Ebelarusian.

Omnye umceli mngeni abajamelene nawo abaguquleli Basebelarusian kukuba amagama amaninzi kunye namabinzana anokuba neenguqulelo ezininzi kuxhomekeke kumongo. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, kukho amagama aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo ngesingesi Nangesibelarusian, ke umguquleli kufuneka azi ngalo mahluko kwaye adjustelelanise uguqulelo lwabo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, xa uguqulela Ebelarusian, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikela ingqalelo kumxholo wenkcubeko kwaye uphephe nayiphi na imigaqo ekhubekisayo okanye engathandekiyo yenkcubeko okanye amabinzana. Ukuze uguqulele ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo Ngesibelarusian, umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nolwimi, izakhiwo zalo zegrama, kunye nemeko yenkcubeko yoluntu Lwasebelarusian.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umsebenzi, uguqulelo Lwasebelarusian lunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ngohlobo olufanelekileyo lolwazi kunye nobuchule, lunokuphumelela. Ngokuqonda indlela ulwimi olusebenza ngayo kunye nokuqonda ukubaluleka komxholo wenkcubeko, umguquleli Wasebelarusian onobuchule unokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye enze unxibelelwano olunentsingiselo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian luthethwa ikakhulu Ebelarus nakwimimandla Ethile Yaserussia, Eukraine, Elithuania, Elatvia Nasepoland.

Ziziphi iilwimi Ezisemthethweni Zasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian lwakudala Lwasempuma Slavic. Olu lwimi lwavela ngenkulungwane ye-11 kwaye yayilulwimi lwexesha Lasekievan Rus' ngaphambi kokuhla kwayo ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ngeli xesha, Yayiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Yeslavonic nezinye iilwimi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-13 neye-14, olu lwimi lwaqalisa ukwahlukana lwaba ziziyelelane ezibini: iziyelelane ezisemantla nezasemazantsi Ebelarusian. Ulwimi lwasemazantsi lwalusisiseko solwimi loncwadi olusetyenziswa Kwigrand Duchy Yaselithuania, olwathi kamva lwaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lwelo lizwe.
Ngexesha Le-Muscovite, ukususela ngekhulu le-15, Ibelarusian yayiphenjelelwa ngakumbi ngesirashiya, kwaye ulwimi Lwangoku Lwasebelarusian lwaqala ukuthatha imilo yalo. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, kwabakho iinzame zokulungisa nokulungisa ulwimi, kodwa ezi nzame ekugqibeleni aziphumelelanga.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Ibelarusian yafumana imvuselelo njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunye nolwimi loncwadi. Ngowe-1920, kwathiwa enye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zesoviet Union. Nangona kunjalo, ukucinezelwa Kwamastalin kuma-1930 kwabangela ukuhla kokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Yavuselelwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 kwaye ukususela ngoko yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebelarus.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

1. Ufrancysk Skaryna (1485-1541): Ngokuqhelekileyo ubizwa ngokuba "Nguyise Weencwadi Zasebelarusian", Uskaryna wayengumvakalisi wokuqala kunye nomguquleli weetekisi Zamakristu ezivela kwisilatini nesiczech Ukuya Ebelarusian. Ugxekwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi Lwasebelarusian kunye nokukhuthaza ababhali bexesha elizayo ukuba basebenze ngolwimi.
2. Usimeon Polotsky (1530-1580): umfundisi wezakwalizwi, imbongi kunye nefilosofi, Upolotsky waziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe emininzi kwiinkalo zolwimi, imbali, inkcubeko, inkolo kunye nejografi. Wabhala imibhalo emininzi Ngesibelarusian eye yaba yimisebenzi yeencwadi zasebelarusian.
3. Uyanka Kupala( 1882-1942): imbongi kunye nomdlali wokudlala, Kupala wabhala kuzo Zombini Ibelarusian kunye nesirashiya kwaye ithathwa ngokubanzi njengembongi ebaluleke Kakhulu Yasebelarusian yekhulu lama-20.
4. Uyaku Kolas (1882-1956): imbongi kunye nombhali, Ukolas wabhala ngolwimi Lwasebelarusian oluthethwa kwintshona yelizwe kwaye wazisa amagama amaninzi amatsha kunye namabinzana kulwimi.
5. Uvasil Bykaŭ (1924-2003): imbongi, umbhali wokudlala, umbhali wesikrini kunye nomphikisi, Ubykaŭ wabhala amabali, imidlalo kunye nemibongo ebonisa ubomi Ebelarus ngexesha lomsebenzi Wesoviet. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuncwadi lwangoku Lwasebelarusian.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian luyinxalenye yeqela Leelwimi Zasempuma Slavic kwaye lihambelana kakhulu nesirashiya nesiukraine. I-inflective kakhulu, ithetha ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamagama zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa uluhlu lweentsingiselo, kunye nolwimi oluhlangeneyo, oku kuthetha ukuba amagama anzima kunye namabinzana adalwa ngokudibanisa izihlanganisi kwamanye amagama kunye ne-morphemes. I-Grammatically, ubukhulu becala I-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) ngokulandelelana kwegama kwaye isebenzisa zombini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini kunye namatyala amaninzi. Ngokwentetho, lulwimi Lweslavic oluneempembelelo ezithile zesiczech nesipolish.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi olusemthethweni: Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ulwimi Lwasebelarusian, ukuthatha ikhosi yolwimi lwe-Intanethi okanye lomntu yindlela elungileyo yokuqala. Ikhosi yolwimi inokukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi kwaye ikunike isakhiwo sokwakha kwizakhono zakho.
2. Ukuntywiliselwa: ukuze ufunde ulwimi ngokwenyani kwaye uzuze ngokutyibilikayo, uya kufuna ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka uzifaka kulwimi. Mamela Umculo Wasebelarusian, ubukele iifilimu Zasebelarusian kunye nemiboniso yetv, ufunde iincwadi Zasebelarusian, iiblogi kunye namanqaku-nantoni na eya kukunceda uve kwaye usebenzise ulwimi.
3. Ukuziqhelanisa: Ukuchitha ixesha uthetha kwaye umamele ulwimi kubalulekile ekufundeni ulwimi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ulwimi - unokujoyina iqela lolwimi, ufumane iqabane lolwimi, okanye usebenzise ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise nezithethi zomthonyama.
4. Fumana ingxelo: Nje ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha nokumamela ulwimi, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane ingxelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo. Ungasebenzisa ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi ukufumana ingxelo kwizithethi zomthonyama okanye ufumane umhlohli okwi-intanethi onokukubonelela ngesikhokelo esenzelwe wena kunye nengxelo.