Kazakhname (Latin) Kyrgyz Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesikazakh (yesilatini) ihlala isetyenziselwa amashishini kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukutolika izithethi zesikazakh ezingathethi isingesi okanye ezinye iilwimi, okanye ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nabaphulaphuli abathetha isikazakh. Ekazakhstan, isilatini yinkqubo yokubhala esemthethweni yolwimi lwesikazakh, ngelixa Isicyrillic sisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo.

Namhlanje, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yokuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu ukusuka nasekazakh (isilatini). Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka aqhelane nolwimi lwesikazakh kunye negrama yalo kunye nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi lomthombo. Ukuguqulelwa kweetekisi ezintsonkothileyo kunye namaxwebhu kuba nzima ngakumbi xa ulwimi lomthombo lungafani nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Umguquleli kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wesivakalisi, upelo, kunye nezaci zolwimi abazama ukuvelisa inguqulelo esemgangathweni. Into ebalulekileyo yokuguqulela ekazakh (isilatini) kukuba kukho isidingo sokuba umguquleli agcine inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba olu xwebhu alutolikwa gwenxa.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqonde inkcubeko kunye nembali yengingqi ukuze uguqulelo lwabo lungachanekanga kuphela, kodwa lubonakalise umongo wengingqi. Ukuqonda okunjalo kunokunceda umguquleli ukuba avelise uguqulelo oluchanekileyo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwimi lusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye naziphi na izikhombisi zenkcubeko kwisicatshulwa zitolikwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu asemthethweni, afuna ukuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka akwazi ukuchonga nayiphi na imiba enokubakho enokuvela ngoguqulelo kwaye ayilungise ngaphambi kokuhambisa imveliso yokugqibela.

Ukuqukumbela, kucacile ukuba umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka abe nokuqonda okuhle kolwimi azama ukuluguqulela, kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko kunye nembali yommandla ukuze avelise inguqulelo esemgangathweni yesikazakh( isilatini).

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa ngawo ngesikazakh (isilatini)?

Ulwimi lwasekazakh, olubhalwe kwisilatin script, luthethwa luninzi lwabemi Basekazakhstan kwaye lukwathethwa Emongolia, China, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan Nase-Uzbekistan.

Yintoni ilatin latin (Kazakh)?

Ulwimi Lwasekazakhstan lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu Ekazakhstan kwaye lolona lwimi lusemthethweni lwelizwe. Ikwayenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Ebayan-Ölgii Kwiphondo Lasemongolia. Ikazakh yenye yeelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey kwaye imbali yayo ebhaliweyo inokulandelwa emva kwinkulungwane ye-8 xa yayisetyenziswa Kwimibhalo Yeorkhon Emongolia. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi luye lwavela lwaza lwaziqhelanisa nemeko yenkcubeko nezopolitiko eguqukayo Yasekazakhstan.
I-Kazakh yabhalwa ekuqaleni kwiskripthi sesiarabhu kodwa ngo-1930, ngexesha Lesoviet era, iskripthi sesilatini esiguquliweyo samkelwa njengenkqubo yokubhala esemgangathweni yolwimi. Ialfabhethi yesilatini yasekazakh inoonobumba abangama-32 yaye iquka oonobumba abahlukahlukeneyo bezikhamiso ezimfutshane nezinde kwakunye nezinye izandi ezikhethekileyo kulwimi. Ngo-2017, ialfabhethi yesilatini yasekazakh yaguqulwa kancinci kwaye ngoku ibandakanya oonobumba abangama-33.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesikazakh( lwesilatin)?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (1845-1904) - ubukrelekrele bokubhala babantu basekazakh, ubizwa ngokuphucula inkqubo yokubhala yesilatini yasekazakh kwaye uyazisa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.
2. Umagzhan Zhumabayev (1866-1919) - wayengumcebisi omkhulu We-Latinization yolwimi lwasekazakh. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi We-Abay kwaye unoxanduva lokudala i-Kazakh Latin alphabet yanamhlanje.
3. Bauyrzhan Momyshuly (1897-1959 – - wayengumlobi odumileyo, imbongi kunye nezopolitiko Ezivela Ekazakhstan owaziwa ngokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwasekazakh kulwimi olumanyeneyo, olumiselweyo.
4. Umukhtar Auezov (1897-1961) - umbhali onempembelelo yasekazakh, Uaezov wayezibophelele kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh kunye nenkcubeko yalo. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ekazakh, esasaza inkqubo yokubhala yesilatini.
5. I – Kenzhegali Bulegenov (1913-1984) - Ibulegenov yayiyingcali yeelwimi ebalulekileyo kunye nomntu obalaseleyo kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh. Wayesebenza kwiincwadi ezininzi, kwizichazi-magama nakwiigrama, enceda ekwenzeni ikazakh ibe lulwimi lokubhala.

Njani ulwimi lwasekazakh (lwesilatin)?

Ubume bolwimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) ubukhulu becala busekelwe kulwimi lwesiturkey. I-phonology yayo ibonakaliswa yi-vowel harmony, iqondo eliphezulu lokunciphisa i-consonantal, kunye nokukhethwa kwee-syllables ezivulekileyo. Igrammatic, lulwimi olunamandla kakhulu, kunye nezibizo kunye nezichazi ezibonisa izihlanganisi ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeparadigms. Inkqubo yayo yesenzi nayo iyinkimbinkimbi, kunye neenkqubo ezimbini zomlomo (eziqhelekileyo kunye ezincedisayo), izimaphambili, izimamva kunye nenkqubo ecacileyo yenkalo kunye nomoya. I-Kazakh (i-Latin alphabet) yi-Latin-based alphabet.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekazakh (isilatini) ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Funda alphabet Ialfabhethi yasekazakh ibhalwe ngesilatini, ke kuya kufuneka ufunde oonobumba abangama-26 kunye nezandi zabo ezinxulumene noko.
2. Fumana uluhlu lwamagama egama giuseppina. Unokwenza oku ngokufunda iincwadi malunga neziseko zolwimi okanye ngezixhobo ze-intanethi ezifana nevidiyo Ze-YouTube.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha. Kuba ulwimi aluthethwa ngokubanzi, unokufuna ukufumana umntu othetha naye okanye ikhosi yeaudio ekwi-intanethi onokuziqhelanisa nayo.
4. Est imali kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezisemgangathweni. Ezi zinokubandakanya iincwadi zezifundo, iikhosi zomsindo okanye zevidiyo, okanye iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps.
5. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ungasebenzisa umculo, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, iividiyo kunye neepodcasts ukukunceda ukuba uqhelane nesingqisho ngokubanzi solwimi.
6. Zicel ' umngeni. Funda isigama esitsha kwaye uziqhelanise nokuyisebenzisa kwincoko. Zama ukubhala iincwadi uze uzifunde ngokuvakalayo.
7. Musa ukunikezela! Ukufunda ulwimi yinkqubo ende, ke yiba nomonde kwaye wonwabe ngayo!

Inguqulelo yasekyrgyz sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunxibelelana nabantu kunye namashishini Ekyrgyzstan, ilizwe elikumbindi Weasia elikumda wekazakhstan Nechina. Kulabo abangaqhelananga Nesikyrgyz, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasekyrgyzstan, nangona isirashiya sithetha ngokubanzi. I-Kyrgyz lulwimi Lwaseturkey, olwenza ukuba luhambelane neelwimi ezifana nesimongolia, isiturkish, isiuzbek nesikazakh.

Ukuba nabaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abakwaziyo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeshishini kunye nobudlelwane bamanye amazwe. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz zinokunceda ukuvala izikhewu zonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zinceda abantu Basekyrgyzstan baqondane ngcono kunye nehlabathi ngaphaya kwemida yabo.

Iinguqulelo zasekyrgyz zisoloko zisetyenziselwa amaxwebhu karhulumente, afana namaphepha asemthethweni kunye nemali, kunye neerekhodi zonyango, iikhontrakthi zoshishino, izinto zokuthengisa kunye nezixhobo zemfundo. Xa amaxwebhu okanye umxholo wewebhu kufuneka uguqulelwe okanye usuka Ekyrgyz, abaguquleli abaziingcali basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko eyahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Amashishini ahlala ethembele kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz ukulungiselela izicwangciso zokuthengisa zamazwe ngamazwe. Iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kwiimarike ezintsha, zenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokwandisa ukuthengisa. Abaguquleli bafanele badlulisele ngokuchanileyo umyalezo wantlandlolo ngoxa beqwalasela ukungafani kweethoni, amasiko nezithethe.

Kwangaxeshanye, iinguqulelo zobuqu zinokunceda abafuduki kunye neembacu Ekyrgyzstan zidibanise ngokulula kwinkcubeko yazo entsha. Iinguqulelo zobungcali zamaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nezatifikethi zenza kube lula kwiintsapho ukuba zifumane ukufikelela kwezempilo, imfundo, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Uguqulelo lwe Kyrgyz lubalulekile kuye nabani na osebenza Okanye ohlala Ekyrgyzstan, nokuba kungeshishini, imfundo, okanye izizathu zobuqu. Kubalulekile ukufumana umguquleli ofanelekileyo oqonda inkcubeko yelizwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo achanekile kwaye anengqondo yenkcubeko.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz luthethwa ikakhulu Ekyrgyzstan nakwezinye iindawo Ezikumbindi Weasia, kubandakanya emazantsi Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan, kumantla Eafghanistan, kwintshona yetshayina, nakwimimandla ekude Yeriphabhlikhi Yasealtai Yaserussia. Ukongeza, iipokotho ezincinci zabemi basekyrgyz zikhona Eturkey,Emongolia, Kunye Nepeninsula yasekorea.

Yintoni i-Kyrgyz language?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz lunembali ende kwaye entsonkothileyo. Ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweturkey, oluvela kulwimi Lweproto-Turkic Oluvela Kumbindi Asia. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi bubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-8 Kwimibhalo Yesi-Orkhon, eyayibhalwe kwialfabhethi Yakudala Yaseturkey.
Ikyrgyz yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Ezingabamelwane Zesiyghur nesimongolia. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ikyrgyz yaguquka yaba lulwimi loncwadi, yaye isichazi-magama sokuqala Sasekyrgyz sabhalwa ngowe-1784. Olu lwimi lwaqhubeka lukhula ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, yaye ngowe-1944, Ikyrgyz yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwasekyrgyzstan.
Ngowe-1928, kwaqaliswa Inkqubo yokubhala eyaziwa Ngokuba Yialfabhethi Emanyeneyo, eyayimisela inkqubo yokubhala yasekyrgyz. Ukususela ngoko, Ikyrgyz iye yaphuhliswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo. Nangona oonobumba besilatini Nabesicyrillic ngoku besetyenziselwa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lwale mihla lolwimi, iskripthi sesiarabhu sisasetyenziselwa ukubhala imibhalo engcwele Ekyrgyz.
Namhlanje, Ikyrgyz ithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan Nase China.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

1. Chingiz Aitmatov (1928-2008): Eyaziwa njengomnye wababhali abakhulu Basekyrgyz, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz kwaye ithathwa ngokuphuhlisa ifom yayo yoncwadi.
2. I-Cholponbek Esenov (1891-1941): uvulindlela wokuqala wolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, wabhala iphephandaba lokuqala Ekyrgyz kwaye wayengumvelisi owaziwayo wohlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi.
3. I-Orosbek Toktogaziyev (1904-1975): omnye umntu obalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwenguqu yangoku yolwimi Lwasekyrgyz. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi waza wanceda ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kulwimi.
4. U-Alichan Eshimkanov (1894-1974): ingcali yeelwimi ebalaseleyo eyachitha ubomi bayo iphanda kwaye ibhala ngolwimi Lwesikyrgyz kunye neelwimi.
5. Uzimbek Beknazarov (1947-present): Ethathwa njengegunya kulwimi Lwesikyrgyz, wayenoxanduva lokuphucula ulwimi kunye nokudala amagama amatsha kunye neendlela zokubhala.

Njani ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz sisiturkic esahlulahlulwe saba ziilwimi ezintathu: Emantla, Kumbindi Nakumazantsi. Lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba lwenza amagama antsonkothileyo ngokongeza izimamva kumagama engcambu. Kukho ugxininiso kwizimaphambili, kunokuba izimamva, ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, olunika isakhiwo esinengqiqo. I-kyrgyz ngokuqhelekileyo i-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) kwaye njengezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, inesenzi-isakhiwo sokugqibela. Ulwimi lunomxholo wefonemic, apho izandi ezahlukeneyo okanye izandi zinokunika iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kumagama.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi. Unokufumana iikhosi ezininzi ze-intanethi okanye kwi-personal eziza kukwazisa kwizinto ezisisiseko Zasekyrgyz. Oku kubandakanya isigama esisisiseko kunye negrama kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye neenombolo eziphambili.
2. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama. Ukumamela incoko kunye nokurekhoda kwezithethi zomthonyama Zasekyrgyz kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kwendlela oluthethwa ngayo ulwimi.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha ulwimi kunye neqabane. Fumana umntu othetha Isikyrgyz kwaye uziqhelanise nokuncokola nabo usebenzisa ulwimi. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakho zokuncokola.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeencwadi, izichazi-magama kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukunceda ufunde ulwimi lwakho. Oku kubandakanya iincwadi, izichazi-magama, iimbekiselo zegrama kunye nokunye.
5. Ungalibali ukuzonwabisa. Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube mnandi. Yenza ixesha lokubukela iifilimu, ukufunda iincwadi kunye nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi ngolwimi. Oku kuya kwenza inkqubo yokufunda ibe mnandi ngakumbi kwaye ibe nomvuzo.