Russian Uzbek Guqulela

Isirashiya lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olunegrama ekhethekileyo kunye nesivakalisi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaserussia Kunye Ne-Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS), umbutho wengingqi weeriphabliki zangaphambili Zasesoviet. Isirashiya kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-180 emhlabeni jikelele kwaye enye yeelwimi ezili-10 ezithethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ikwajongwa njengolwimi kwi-former Soviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngediplomacy, urhwebo kunye netekhnoloji.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, uguqulelo ukuya nokubuya kwisirashiya bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Ifuna ukudlulisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yoqobo ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komxholo. Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo kunye nesidingo sokuqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi, umguquleli onamava oqeqeshiweyo uyafuneka kwiinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Inguqulelo yaserussia ihlala ifuneka kwimisebenzi ephambili yeshishini efana nothethathethwano lwezomthetho, amaxwebhu anxulumene nemali, kunye nezinto zokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezisebenza Erashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe E-CIS zifuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwiiwebhusayithi zabo kunye nentengiso yomxholo. Umguquleli onobuchule onobuchule kwicandelo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufunyenwe.

Kwiinguqulelo ezincinci, ezinje ngeencoko ezingacwangciswanga, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezizenzekelayo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokuqonda okusisiseko kolwimi, kodwa azinakho ukuchaneka kunye nokwazisa ngomxholo womguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele injongo kunye nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela ekufuneka uzisebenzise.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lwesirashiya lubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkampani nabantu abathetha isirashiya. Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ocetywayo udluliselwa kwaye uqondwe, nokuba ngoweshishini, ubuqu, okanye ezinye iinjongo. Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha kolwimi kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa iingcali ezifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zokuguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isirashiya?

Ulwimi lwesirashiya luthethwa Erashiya, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, Eukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, Euzbekistan, Eazerbaijan, Earmenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesirashiya?

Ulwimi lwaserussia luneengcambu Zalo Kulwimi Lwasempuma Slavic, enye yeqela ezintathu zembali zeelwimi Zeslavic. Olu lwimi lwathethwa lwaza lwabhalwa zizizwe Zasempuma Slavic ezazihlala kwiindawo ezininzi ngoku zaserashiya, Eukraine Nasebelarus ngenkulungwane ye-9. Ngeli xesha, I-Church Slavonic yaqala ukukhonza njengolwimi olubhaliweyo kwiincwadi, iinjongo zonqulo nezolawulo, endaweni yesigrike nesilatini sokuqala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-10, Impuma Slavic ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwesirashiya, iphenjelelwa sisibulgaria nesiserbia, esasiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Islavonic. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wokubhala wexesha Lasekievan Rus, Incwadi Yokuqala Yezikronike, yabhalwa Kwi-Old East Slavic.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ze-14 neye-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka esanda ummandla wawo, ekugqibeleni afikelela Kulwandlekazi Lwepasifiki, ngaloo ndlela edibana nezinye iilwimi neenkcubeko ezininzi. Amarashiya azibuyisa iimpembelelo ezivela kwezinye iilwimi aza azibandakanya kulwimi, esenza oko ngoku kwaziwa njengolwimi Lwaserussia Lwangoku.
Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17th, ulwimi lwaserussia lwaqala ukuvela ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wababhali abanempembelelo abanjengoalexander Pushkin Noivan Turgenev, ababhala ngolwimi olubizwa ngokuba "sisirashiya soncwadi". Olu hlobo lutsha, oluphucukileyo lolwimi lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kungekudala lwaba lulwimi olukhethwayo lwezopolitiko, uncwadi, isayensi kunye nenkcubeko.
Namhlanje, isirashiya sesona silwimi Sisasazekayo kwislavic, sinezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-145, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesirashiya?

1. U-Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) - umbhali wenoveli, imbongi kunye nombhali wokudlala owaphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wanegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesizwe.
2. Ualexander Pushkin (1799-1837) - umsunguli weencwadi zanamhlanje zaserashiya kunye noyise weembongi zaserashiya.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (1766-1826) - imbongi kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala kakhulu ngolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wenza igalelo elininzi kwinkcubeko yaserussia.
4. Vladimir Dal' (1801-1872) - linguist, isichazi-magama kunye nomqulunqi wesichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi solwimi lwaserussia.
5. Ualexander Blok (1880-1921) - enye yamanani aphambili kwindawo yoncwadi lwaserussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nombhali weminye yemisebenzi edumileyo kwimibongo yaserussia.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwaserussia?

Ubume bolwimi lwaserussia ikakhulu lusekwe kwindibaniselwano yemigaqo yohlalutyo kunye nohlalutyo. I-Agglutination yinkqubo apho i-morphemes, okanye iinxalenye zamagama, zidibene kunye ukudala igama elilodwa elichaza ingcamango enye. Izakhi zohlalutyo zibandakanya ukwaphula ingqiqo enye ibe ngamagama ahlukeneyo ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ngesirashiya, izimamva zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegrama, ezinje ngesini, ityala, inani, umba, ixesha kunye nokuba nezinto. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zinokuba neemeko ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolwimi nayo iyingqayizivele, kunye nenkqubo yezivakalisi ezingabonakaliyo, izigatshana ezingaphantsi kunye neefom ezinzima zesenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaserussia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo: Maxa wambi Ukuqonda ulwimi lwesirashiya kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa unako ukuphumelela ukuba uzibekela ulindelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo olusengqiqweni. Phula ulwimi lwakho-ukufunda uhambo kwiziqa ezilawulwayo kwaye ube nomonde kuwe.
2. Fumana iqabane lokufunda Kwi-intanethi: Fumana iqabane lomfundi elikwi-intanethi okanye umhlobo othetha isirashiya onokukunceda ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha kwakho kunye nokubiza.
3. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yaserussia: Funda iincwadi, ubukele iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela iipodcasts kunye nomculo, kwaye uzame ukudibanisa phakathi kolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko.
4. Thatha iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia: Ukuthatha umntu okanye iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia ekwi-intanethi kunokuba yindlela entle yokufunda iziseko kwaye ufumane ingxelo kutitshala okanye kwisithethi somthonyama.
5. Yenza i-flashcards: Yenza i-flashcards ngamagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana ngesirashiya. Oku kunokunceda ukomeleza ulwimi nokwenza kube lula ukulukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi: usetyenziso lokufunda Ulwimi olufana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Kunye Nerosetta Stone zizixhobo ezinkulu zokufunda isirashiya. Baya kukunika isakhiwo esithile kwaye bancede ukuphula ulwimi lube ngamaqhekeza alawulekayo.
7. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa: ekuphela kwendlela yokuqonda ngokwenene ulwimi lwaserussia kukuluqhelanisa rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Funda, ubhale, uphulaphule kwaye uthethe rhoqo ukuze uphucule izakhono zakho.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinkqubo yokuguqulela amaxwebhu abhaliweyo, ukugqitha ilizwi, imultimedia, iiwebhusayithi, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kulwimi lwesiuzbek. Eyona njongo iphambili yokuguqulela isiuzbek ngabantu abathetha isiuzbek njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala, kuquka nabo bahlala Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan, Ekazakhstan nakwamanye Amazwe Akumbindi Asiya.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni kwe-Uzbek, umgangatho ubalulekile. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziguqulelweyo zizandi zendalo kwaye azinazimpazamo. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nokuqonda okubanzi kolwimi lwesiuzbek kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko, kunye nobuchule kwisigama esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswe kwisicatshulwa ekujoliswe kuso. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokufundeka, ingcali yeelwimi kufuneka iqhelane nesiuzbek kunye nolwimi lomthombo.

Kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwimarike yaseuzbek, iprojekthi yokuguqulela eyenziwe kakuhle inokwenza wonke umahluko. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokuthengisa, imiyalelo yemveliso, iiwebhusayithi, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zeshishini ziguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, iinkampani zinokufikelela kwaye zisebenzisane nabaphulaphuli ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda ekwakheni ukuthembana phakathi kweenkampani kunye nabathengi bazo ngokubonisa ukuba bathathe ixesha lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwimi zabaphulaphuli babo ekujoliswe kubo.

Kwiinguqulelo zoncwadi, ezinjengeencwadi, iimagazini, neeblogi, abaguquleli baseuzbek kufuneka babe nokuqonda okunzulu komthombo womthombo ukuze babambe intsingiselo yoqobo kwaye banike abafundi ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kwesicatshulwa. abaguquleli kufuneka baqaphele iimpembelelo zembali, ezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko yamagama athile kunye namabinzana. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nealfabhethi yesiuzbek neendibano zawo zokubhala ezinxulumene noko.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinzame entsonkothileyo nenesidima, efuna iingcali ezinobuchule kakhulu eziqonda ukubaluleka kokuchaneka nokucaca. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, okanye olunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano, ukuqesha inkonzo yokuguqulela yaseuzbek yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa isiphumo esiphumeleleyo.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiuzbek?

Uzbek uthetha E-Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kwaye China.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwasempuma Lwesiturkic olukwisebe Lasekarluk losapho lolwimi Lwesiturkic. Ithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-25 abafumaneka ikakhulu Euzbekistan, Etajikistan, Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan nakwezinye iindawo Zeasia Ekumbindi Naserashiya.
Ifom yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesiuzbek yaqala ukukhula ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngexesha lokusekwa kwakhona kwelizwe Lasekhanate lasebukhara, eliyinxalenye yommandla othetha isiuzbek. Ngeli xesha, iqondo eliphezulu lempembelelo yamapersi longezwa kulwimi lwesiuzbek, oluye lwahlala luyinto ebalulekileyo unanamhla.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, iinguqulelo ezazikhokelwa Nguemir Wasebukhara, Unasrullah Khan, zanceda ekusasazeni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zesiuzbek E-Emirate. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala kwamapersi namaarabhu phakathi kwezifundo zakhe ukudala ubukhosi obumanyeneyo ngakumbi.
Ngowe-1924, ulwimi lwesiuzbek lwabhengezwa njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Esoviet Kumbindi Asia, yaye oonobumba Besicyrillic baqaliswa njengesiseko senkqubo yalo yokubhala. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa Kwesoviet Union ngo-1991, I-Uzbekistan yafumana inkululeko, eyenza i-Uzbek ulwimi lwayo lwaseburhulumenteni. Ukususela kwinkululeko, iinguqu ezininzi ziye zenziwa kulwimi nakwifomu yalo ebhaliweyo, kuquka ukuqaliswa kweskripthi sokubhala esisekelwe kwisilatini kunye nokusekwa Kwe-Uzbek Language Academy Ngo-1992.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiuzbek?

1. U-Alisher Navoi (1441-1501): I-Navoi yazisa ulwimi lwesiuzbek kwihlabathi elibhaliweyo. Indlela yakhe yokubhala kunye nokubhala yayimodeli yeembongi kunye nababhali bexesha elizayo.
2. U-abdurashid Ibrahimov (1922-2011): U-Ibrahimov wayeyingcali yeelwimi eyaziwayo yaseuzbek eyayinegalelo ekuphuhliseni i-orthography yanamhlanje kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kwesipelingi kunye negrama.
3. Uzebunisa Jamalova (1928-2015): Ujamalova wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesiuzbek kwaye imisebenzi yakhe ihlala inempembelelo namhlanje.
4. U-Muhandislar qulamov (1926-2002): U-Qulamov wayenoxanduva lokuphuhlisa i-alfabhethi yolwimi lwesiuzbek, esele yamkelwe ngamanye iilwimi ezininzi.
5. Usharof Rashidov (1904-1983): Urashidov ubizwa ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiuzbek ngexesha Lesoviet kwaye ayenze ibe yinxalenye yekharityhulam ezikolweni. Ukwathe ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa koncwadi nenkcubeko yaseuzbek.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluyinxalenye yosapho Lwealtaic, oluquka isiturkish nesimongolia. Kubhalwe kwialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inezinto ezithile zesiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya. Ulwimi lunezandi ezisibhozo zezikhamiso, izandi ezingamashumi amabini anesibini, amadoda amathathu (indoda, ibhinqa, kunye ne-neuter), iimeko ezine (ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive), izenzi ezine (ezikhoyo, ezidlulileyo, ezizayo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo), kunye nemiba emibini (ephelele kwaye engafezekanga). Umyalelo wegama ngokuyinhloko-Into-Isenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiuzbek ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ofanelekileyo okanye umhlohli ukuze ufunde ulwimi lwesiuzbek. Ukuba notitshala oqeqeshiweyo okanye umhlohli kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ufunda ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo nangesantya sakho.
2. Zinike ixesha lokufunda. Zama ukubekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye ukuze uziqhelise uze uhlolisise umbandela owufundayo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi kunye neeapps zeselfowuni ezibonelela ngezifundo kunye nokuzilolonga ekufundeni ulwimi lwesiuzbek.
4. Funda amabinzana ancokolayo kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba ugxile ekufundeni amabinzana asisiseko okuncokola ngaphambi kokuba uye kwizihloko ezinzima zegrama.
5. Mamela umculo waseuzbek kwaye ubukele iifilimu zase-Uzbek KUNYE nemiboniso YETV. Ukumamela umculo, iividiyo, kunye neefilimu yindlela entle yokuzifaka kulwimi nakwinkcubeko.
6. Nxibelelana nezithethi zomthonyama. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana isithethi somthonyama saseuzbek esinokukunceda uziqhelanise nokuthetha nokubhala ngolwimi.