Russian Luxembourgname Guqulela

Isirashiya lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olunegrama ekhethekileyo kunye nesivakalisi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaserussia Kunye Ne-Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS), umbutho wengingqi weeriphabliki zangaphambili Zasesoviet. Isirashiya kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-180 emhlabeni jikelele kwaye enye yeelwimi ezili-10 ezithethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ikwajongwa njengolwimi kwi-former Soviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngediplomacy, urhwebo kunye netekhnoloji.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, uguqulelo ukuya nokubuya kwisirashiya bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Ifuna ukudlulisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yoqobo ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komxholo. Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo kunye nesidingo sokuqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi, umguquleli onamava oqeqeshiweyo uyafuneka kwiinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Inguqulelo yaserussia ihlala ifuneka kwimisebenzi ephambili yeshishini efana nothethathethwano lwezomthetho, amaxwebhu anxulumene nemali, kunye nezinto zokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezisebenza Erashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe E-CIS zifuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwiiwebhusayithi zabo kunye nentengiso yomxholo. Umguquleli onobuchule onobuchule kwicandelo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufunyenwe.

Kwiinguqulelo ezincinci, ezinje ngeencoko ezingacwangciswanga, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezizenzekelayo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokuqonda okusisiseko kolwimi, kodwa azinakho ukuchaneka kunye nokwazisa ngomxholo womguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele injongo kunye nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela ekufuneka uzisebenzise.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lwesirashiya lubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkampani nabantu abathetha isirashiya. Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ocetywayo udluliselwa kwaye uqondwe, nokuba ngoweshishini, ubuqu, okanye ezinye iinjongo. Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha kolwimi kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa iingcali ezifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zokuguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isirashiya?

Ulwimi lwesirashiya luthethwa Erashiya, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, Eukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, Euzbekistan, Eazerbaijan, Earmenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesirashiya?

Ulwimi lwaserussia luneengcambu Zalo Kulwimi Lwasempuma Slavic, enye yeqela ezintathu zembali zeelwimi Zeslavic. Olu lwimi lwathethwa lwaza lwabhalwa zizizwe Zasempuma Slavic ezazihlala kwiindawo ezininzi ngoku zaserashiya, Eukraine Nasebelarus ngenkulungwane ye-9. Ngeli xesha, I-Church Slavonic yaqala ukukhonza njengolwimi olubhaliweyo kwiincwadi, iinjongo zonqulo nezolawulo, endaweni yesigrike nesilatini sokuqala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-10, Impuma Slavic ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwesirashiya, iphenjelelwa sisibulgaria nesiserbia, esasiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Islavonic. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wokubhala wexesha Lasekievan Rus, Incwadi Yokuqala Yezikronike, yabhalwa Kwi-Old East Slavic.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ze-14 neye-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka esanda ummandla wawo, ekugqibeleni afikelela Kulwandlekazi Lwepasifiki, ngaloo ndlela edibana nezinye iilwimi neenkcubeko ezininzi. Amarashiya azibuyisa iimpembelelo ezivela kwezinye iilwimi aza azibandakanya kulwimi, esenza oko ngoku kwaziwa njengolwimi Lwaserussia Lwangoku.
Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17th, ulwimi lwaserussia lwaqala ukuvela ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wababhali abanempembelelo abanjengoalexander Pushkin Noivan Turgenev, ababhala ngolwimi olubizwa ngokuba "sisirashiya soncwadi". Olu hlobo lutsha, oluphucukileyo lolwimi lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kungekudala lwaba lulwimi olukhethwayo lwezopolitiko, uncwadi, isayensi kunye nenkcubeko.
Namhlanje, isirashiya sesona silwimi Sisasazekayo kwislavic, sinezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-145, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesirashiya?

1. U-Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) - umbhali wenoveli, imbongi kunye nombhali wokudlala owaphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wanegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesizwe.
2. Ualexander Pushkin (1799-1837) - umsunguli weencwadi zanamhlanje zaserashiya kunye noyise weembongi zaserashiya.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (1766-1826) - imbongi kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala kakhulu ngolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wenza igalelo elininzi kwinkcubeko yaserussia.
4. Vladimir Dal' (1801-1872) - linguist, isichazi-magama kunye nomqulunqi wesichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi solwimi lwaserussia.
5. Ualexander Blok (1880-1921) - enye yamanani aphambili kwindawo yoncwadi lwaserussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nombhali weminye yemisebenzi edumileyo kwimibongo yaserussia.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwaserussia?

Ubume bolwimi lwaserussia ikakhulu lusekwe kwindibaniselwano yemigaqo yohlalutyo kunye nohlalutyo. I-Agglutination yinkqubo apho i-morphemes, okanye iinxalenye zamagama, zidibene kunye ukudala igama elilodwa elichaza ingcamango enye. Izakhi zohlalutyo zibandakanya ukwaphula ingqiqo enye ibe ngamagama ahlukeneyo ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ngesirashiya, izimamva zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegrama, ezinje ngesini, ityala, inani, umba, ixesha kunye nokuba nezinto. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zinokuba neemeko ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolwimi nayo iyingqayizivele, kunye nenkqubo yezivakalisi ezingabonakaliyo, izigatshana ezingaphantsi kunye neefom ezinzima zesenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaserussia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo: Maxa wambi Ukuqonda ulwimi lwesirashiya kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa unako ukuphumelela ukuba uzibekela ulindelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo olusengqiqweni. Phula ulwimi lwakho-ukufunda uhambo kwiziqa ezilawulwayo kwaye ube nomonde kuwe.
2. Fumana iqabane lokufunda Kwi-intanethi: Fumana iqabane lomfundi elikwi-intanethi okanye umhlobo othetha isirashiya onokukunceda ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha kwakho kunye nokubiza.
3. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yaserussia: Funda iincwadi, ubukele iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela iipodcasts kunye nomculo, kwaye uzame ukudibanisa phakathi kolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko.
4. Thatha iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia: Ukuthatha umntu okanye iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia ekwi-intanethi kunokuba yindlela entle yokufunda iziseko kwaye ufumane ingxelo kutitshala okanye kwisithethi somthonyama.
5. Yenza i-flashcards: Yenza i-flashcards ngamagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana ngesirashiya. Oku kunokunceda ukomeleza ulwimi nokwenza kube lula ukulukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi: usetyenziso lokufunda Ulwimi olufana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Kunye Nerosetta Stone zizixhobo ezinkulu zokufunda isirashiya. Baya kukunika isakhiwo esithile kwaye bancede ukuphula ulwimi lube ngamaqhekeza alawulekayo.
7. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa: ekuphela kwendlela yokuqonda ngokwenene ulwimi lwaserussia kukuluqhelanisa rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Funda, ubhale, uphulaphule kwaye uthethe rhoqo ukuze uphucule izakhono zakho.

Iluxembourg lulwimi Lwasejamani oluthethwa Kwigrand-Duchy Yaseluxembourg, ephakathi Kwefransi, Ijamani Nebelgium. Ngaphezulu kwe-400,000 yezithethi zomthonyama, Iluxembourg lulwimi lwengingqi olufumana ingqalelo ngakumbi njengolwimi lweshishini kunye nemicimbi yamanye amazwe.

Njengoko Luxembourg iyaqhubeka ukuvula imida yayo kubaphambukeli, uguqulelo Luxembourg iye kubalulekile kwabo banqwenela ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nelifa lesizwe. Kumashishini, ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabemi bendawo kuyimfuneko. Ngokufanayo, abafundi Baseluxembourg banokuzuza kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ukuze baqonde ngcono ubunzima bolwimi.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuguqulelwa Kweluxembourg? Njengalo naluphi na olunye ulwimi, ukuguqulela kubandakanya ukuthatha isicatshulwa kulwimi olunye kwaye usiguqulele kolunye ulwimi, ngelixa ugcina intsingiselo yalo. Ukuguqulela Phakathi Kweluxembourg Kunye nolunye ulwimi akufani. Noko ke, owona mceli-mngeni uphambili kubemi Baseluxembourg sisimo sabo esisodwa ngokwembali. Oku kuye kwaphumela ekuphuhlisweni kwesigama esikhethekileyo, imigaqo yegrama kunye neendibano zolwimi ezingasoloko ziguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi.

Ngoko ke, xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni, ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko iimpazamo zinokukhokelela ngokulula kukungaqondani, unxibelelwano olungalunganga okanye ukonakalisa ubudlelwane, ukusebenza nomguquleli oqeqeshiweyo onolwazi Kakuhle Eluxembourgish ngundoqo.

Abaguquleli Baseluxembourg banamava amaninzi kwiimeko zenkcubeko nezomthetho. Oku kubandakanya ulwazi malunga neenuances Zaseluxembourg kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqabane oshishino, abathengi okanye abasebenzi. Ukuchaneka, baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zokuguqulela ezisexesheni kunye nesoftware ekhoyo.

Kuba nabani na okhangela umguquleli Onokuthenjwa Waseluxembourg, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olunzulu kwangaphambili. Jonga umguquleli oqinisekisiweyo kulwimi, onamava okwenyani ebaleni, kwaye uqhelene notshintsho lwamva nje kulwimi.

Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo Yaseluxembourg yinkonzo exabisekileyo yabantu abahlala nabasebenza Eluxembourg, kunye nabo banomdla kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yeli lizwe. Ngokuqesha iingcali ezinezakhono kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu phakathi Kweluxembourg kunye nezinye iilwimi, amashishini kunye nabantu banokuthembela kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa Kuwo Ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg?

Luxembourg kuthethwa Ikakhulu Luxembourg, kwaye kwinqanaba ngaphantsi, kwiindawo Belgium, Fransi, Yaye Jemani.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Baseluxembourg?

Imbali yolwimi Lwaseluxembourg isusela emva Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi lwaqala ukusetyenziswa Ngamacelts Aseromania, ahlala Eluxembourg ngekhulu lesi-3. Kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo, Iluxembourg yayiphenjelelwa ngamandla ziilwimi Zasejamani ezingabamelwane, ngokukodwa Isifranconia Esisezantsi, esiyinxalenye yesebe Leelwimi Zasentshona Jamani.
Ngekhulu le-19, Iluxembourg yavela njengolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nefom yayo ebhaliweyo. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula kwaye luguquka njengoko luye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiincwadi, ukushicilela kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye noluntu.
Namhlanje, Iluxembourg lulwimi olusemthethweni kwilizwe Laseluxembourg kwaye ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasebelgium, Efrance Nasejamani. Ikwafundiswa kwezinye iiyunivesithi, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana Kwi-European Union.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseluxembourg?

1. Ujean - Pierre Feuillet (1893-1943): ingcali yeelwimi yesifrentshi kunye nonjingalwazi owayenoxanduva lokupapashwa kwezichazi-magama zokuqala kunye negrama yaseluxembourgish ngo-1923.
2. U-Emile Weber (1898-1968): umbhali Waseluxembourg kunye nembongi eyabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphecana ukunceda ukukhuthaza nokusasaza ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg.
3. Ualbert Mergen( 1903-1995): Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi obizwa ngokuba wadala i-Orthography yanamhlanje Yaseluxembourg.
4. Unicholas Biever (1912-1998): Umshicileli kunye nomsunguli wejenali "Ulëtzebuerger Srooch" ekhuthaze kwaye yakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kweluxembourg.
5. Urobert Krieps (1915-2009): Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi osebenze ukudala ifom esemgangathweni yolwimi Lwaseluxembourg kunye nokuphucula ukufundiswa kolwimi ezikolweni.

Njani Ulwimi Luxembourg?

Iluxembourg lulwimi Lwasejamani olunxulumene nesijamani nesidatshi. Ngumxube Weelwimi Eziphezulu zasejamani Kunye Ne-West Central German, ezidibanisa izinto ezivela kuzo zombini. Ulwimi luneelwimi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: Imoselle Franconian (ethethwa kumantla mpuma Eluxembourg), Ephezulu-Eluxembourg (ethethwa kwimimandla ekumbindi nasentshona yelizwe), Kunye Neluxembourg (ethethwa ikakhulu emazantsi). Amagama aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo kunye aqhelekanga eneenfayile zu. I-grammatic, ifana nejamani, kunye nokufana okuninzi kwisini sayo, umyalelo wegama, kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi yokufunda ulwimi. Zininzi izinto ezifumanekayo Eluxembourg, kubandakanya izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezikwi-intanethi kunye neeapps. Oku kunokuba yindlela elungileyo yokufumana izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuqonda kwakho ulwimi.
2. Fumana isithethi somthonyama. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama Saseluxembourg ngobuqu okanye kwi-intanethi. Oku kunokukunceda ufunde ngokukhawuleza, njengoko uza kuva ulwimi oluthethwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uzuze kulwazi lwabo lwangaphakathi lwenkcubeko.
3. Fumana Uluhlu lwamagama Egama Luxembourg. Zama ukubukela imiboniso kamabonwakude, mamela iinkqubo zikanomathotholo, okanye ufunde amaphephandaba Aseluxembourg. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nokubiza kunye nesigama, ngelixa kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono inkcubeko yelizwe.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi yindlela ehambelanayo. Qiniseka ukuba uqhelisela izakhono zakho zokuthetha, zokufunda kunye nokumamela rhoqo. Sebenzisa iiflashcards, iincwadi zokusebenzela, okanye ezinye izixhobo ukukunceda uphonononge umbandela osele uwufundile, kunye nokwazisa amagama amatsha.