Russian Mari Guqulela

Isirashiya lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olunegrama ekhethekileyo kunye nesivakalisi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaserussia Kunye Ne-Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS), umbutho wengingqi weeriphabliki zangaphambili Zasesoviet. Isirashiya kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-180 emhlabeni jikelele kwaye enye yeelwimi ezili-10 ezithethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ikwajongwa njengolwimi kwi-former Soviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngediplomacy, urhwebo kunye netekhnoloji.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, uguqulelo ukuya nokubuya kwisirashiya bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Ifuna ukudlulisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yoqobo ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komxholo. Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo kunye nesidingo sokuqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi, umguquleli onamava oqeqeshiweyo uyafuneka kwiinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Inguqulelo yaserussia ihlala ifuneka kwimisebenzi ephambili yeshishini efana nothethathethwano lwezomthetho, amaxwebhu anxulumene nemali, kunye nezinto zokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezisebenza Erashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe E-CIS zifuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwiiwebhusayithi zabo kunye nentengiso yomxholo. Umguquleli onobuchule onobuchule kwicandelo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufunyenwe.

Kwiinguqulelo ezincinci, ezinje ngeencoko ezingacwangciswanga, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezizenzekelayo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokuqonda okusisiseko kolwimi, kodwa azinakho ukuchaneka kunye nokwazisa ngomxholo womguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele injongo kunye nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela ekufuneka uzisebenzise.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lwesirashiya lubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkampani nabantu abathetha isirashiya. Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ocetywayo udluliselwa kwaye uqondwe, nokuba ngoweshishini, ubuqu, okanye ezinye iinjongo. Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha kolwimi kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa iingcali ezifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zokuguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isirashiya?

Ulwimi lwesirashiya luthethwa Erashiya, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, Eukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, Euzbekistan, Eazerbaijan, Earmenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesirashiya?

Ulwimi lwaserussia luneengcambu Zalo Kulwimi Lwasempuma Slavic, enye yeqela ezintathu zembali zeelwimi Zeslavic. Olu lwimi lwathethwa lwaza lwabhalwa zizizwe Zasempuma Slavic ezazihlala kwiindawo ezininzi ngoku zaserashiya, Eukraine Nasebelarus ngenkulungwane ye-9. Ngeli xesha, I-Church Slavonic yaqala ukukhonza njengolwimi olubhaliweyo kwiincwadi, iinjongo zonqulo nezolawulo, endaweni yesigrike nesilatini sokuqala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-10, Impuma Slavic ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwesirashiya, iphenjelelwa sisibulgaria nesiserbia, esasiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Islavonic. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wokubhala wexesha Lasekievan Rus, Incwadi Yokuqala Yezikronike, yabhalwa Kwi-Old East Slavic.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ze-14 neye-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka esanda ummandla wawo, ekugqibeleni afikelela Kulwandlekazi Lwepasifiki, ngaloo ndlela edibana nezinye iilwimi neenkcubeko ezininzi. Amarashiya azibuyisa iimpembelelo ezivela kwezinye iilwimi aza azibandakanya kulwimi, esenza oko ngoku kwaziwa njengolwimi Lwaserussia Lwangoku.
Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17th, ulwimi lwaserussia lwaqala ukuvela ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wababhali abanempembelelo abanjengoalexander Pushkin Noivan Turgenev, ababhala ngolwimi olubizwa ngokuba "sisirashiya soncwadi". Olu hlobo lutsha, oluphucukileyo lolwimi lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kungekudala lwaba lulwimi olukhethwayo lwezopolitiko, uncwadi, isayensi kunye nenkcubeko.
Namhlanje, isirashiya sesona silwimi Sisasazekayo kwislavic, sinezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-145, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesirashiya?

1. U-Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) - umbhali wenoveli, imbongi kunye nombhali wokudlala owaphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wanegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesizwe.
2. Ualexander Pushkin (1799-1837) - umsunguli weencwadi zanamhlanje zaserashiya kunye noyise weembongi zaserashiya.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (1766-1826) - imbongi kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala kakhulu ngolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wenza igalelo elininzi kwinkcubeko yaserussia.
4. Vladimir Dal' (1801-1872) - linguist, isichazi-magama kunye nomqulunqi wesichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi solwimi lwaserussia.
5. Ualexander Blok (1880-1921) - enye yamanani aphambili kwindawo yoncwadi lwaserussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nombhali weminye yemisebenzi edumileyo kwimibongo yaserussia.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwaserussia?

Ubume bolwimi lwaserussia ikakhulu lusekwe kwindibaniselwano yemigaqo yohlalutyo kunye nohlalutyo. I-Agglutination yinkqubo apho i-morphemes, okanye iinxalenye zamagama, zidibene kunye ukudala igama elilodwa elichaza ingcamango enye. Izakhi zohlalutyo zibandakanya ukwaphula ingqiqo enye ibe ngamagama ahlukeneyo ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ngesirashiya, izimamva zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegrama, ezinje ngesini, ityala, inani, umba, ixesha kunye nokuba nezinto. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zinokuba neemeko ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolwimi nayo iyingqayizivele, kunye nenkqubo yezivakalisi ezingabonakaliyo, izigatshana ezingaphantsi kunye neefom ezinzima zesenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaserussia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo: Maxa wambi Ukuqonda ulwimi lwesirashiya kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa unako ukuphumelela ukuba uzibekela ulindelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo olusengqiqweni. Phula ulwimi lwakho-ukufunda uhambo kwiziqa ezilawulwayo kwaye ube nomonde kuwe.
2. Fumana iqabane lokufunda Kwi-intanethi: Fumana iqabane lomfundi elikwi-intanethi okanye umhlobo othetha isirashiya onokukunceda ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha kwakho kunye nokubiza.
3. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yaserussia: Funda iincwadi, ubukele iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela iipodcasts kunye nomculo, kwaye uzame ukudibanisa phakathi kolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko.
4. Thatha iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia: Ukuthatha umntu okanye iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia ekwi-intanethi kunokuba yindlela entle yokufunda iziseko kwaye ufumane ingxelo kutitshala okanye kwisithethi somthonyama.
5. Yenza i-flashcards: Yenza i-flashcards ngamagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana ngesirashiya. Oku kunokunceda ukomeleza ulwimi nokwenza kube lula ukulukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi: usetyenziso lokufunda Ulwimi olufana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Kunye Nerosetta Stone zizixhobo ezinkulu zokufunda isirashiya. Baya kukunika isakhiwo esithile kwaye bancede ukuphula ulwimi lube ngamaqhekeza alawulekayo.
7. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa: ekuphela kwendlela yokuqonda ngokwenene ulwimi lwaserussia kukuluqhelanisa rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Funda, ubhale, uphulaphule kwaye uthethe rhoqo ukuze uphucule izakhono zakho.

Translation: Ukuguqulela Iilwimi Ukuqonda Yenkcubeko

I-Mari Translation yinkonzo yokuguqulela yamazwe ngamazwe ekhusela izikhewu zenkcubeko ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiilwimi ezininzi. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-2012, I-Mari Translation izenzele njengenkokeli kwiinkonzo zeelwimi kwaye ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenguqulelo, kubandakanya nezo zinxulumene nezonyango, ezomthetho, ezobuchwephesha kunye neeprojekthi zentengiso.

Ukuzibophelela kwenkampani ekwenzeni izithintelo zolwimi yinto yexesha elidlulileyo kuyenze ukuba ibe yenye yeenkonzo zokuguqulela ezinokuthenjwa. Iqela layo leengcali liquka izithethi zomthonyama ezigxile kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngespanish, isifrentshi, isijamani, isitaliyane, isirashiya, Isitshayina Kunye Nesijapan. Zonke iinguqulelo zamagama zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwemigaqo yolwimi olujoliswe kuyo, ngokuqwalasela amasiko asekuhlaleni, imimandla kunye neelwimi.

I-Mari Translation ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zendawo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela luhlengahlengisa isicatshulwa ukuze sihambelane nolindelo lwenkcubeko kunye nokukhethwa kwabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. Ngothungelwano lwayo olubanzi lwee-localizers kunye nabaguquleli, Inguqulelo Ye-Mari inokubonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zendawo, ukusuka kwiintlelo ezithile zeshishini ukuya kulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwenkcubeko.

Ukongeza, inkampani ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezinye iinkonzo, ezinje ngeetoliki zeentlanganiso zeshishini,inguqulelo yeaudio / yevidiyo,ukukhutshelwa, kunye nokubhaliweyo. Iqela lethu leengcali liyafumaneka 24/7 ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo ngelixa ugcina uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabathengi engqondweni.

Kwi-Mari Translation, kugxilwe ekuboneleleni ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Inkampani iyazingca ngokulandela amanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuzinikela ekuhambiseni iziphumo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ikwayilwela ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokubonelela ngenkonzo eyenzelwe wena.

Ukuguqulelwa kwe-Mari lukhetho olukhulu kuye nabani na ojonge ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngeqela layo elizinikeleyo leengcali, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezisemgangathweni, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, inkampani iqinisekile ukwenza unxibelelwano lube lula kwaye lusebenze.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari luthethwa ikakhulu Erashiya, nangona kukho abathethi E-Estonia Nase-Ukraine. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El, isihloko somdibaniso Waserashiya.

Liliphi igama Lolwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lilungu losapho Lolwimi Lweuralic, kwaye lulwimi lomthonyama lwabantu abamalunga nama-450,000 Emari El, iriphabhlikhi ngaphakathi kwerussian Federation. Ithethwa ngabantu Basemari, abayinzala yabantu basefinno-Urgic bamandulo abaqala ukufudukela kule ndawo ukusuka Kumbindi nakwinyakatho Yurophu malunga ne-3000 BC. Ingxelo yokuqala ebhaliweyo yolwimi Lwasemari yavela ngo-1243, xa Ugrand Duke Ugeorgy Vsevolodovich wasevladimir wasungula indawo Yokuhlala Yaseyuriev (ngoku eyaziwa Ngokuba Yiyaroslavl). Olu lwimi luneziyelelane ezibini ezahlukeneyo-I-Hill Mari Kunye Ne-Meadow Mari-ezahlukileyo ngokwendlela yokubiza, igrama kunye nesigama. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, Ulwimi Lwasemari luye lwaboleka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesitatar, isirashiya nesijamani. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, olu lwimi lwaqala ukubhalwa ngoonobumba Besicyrillic, yaye ebudeni bexesha Lesoviet, lwakhuthazwa ngokukhutheleyo njengolwimi loncwadi lwaza lwasetyenziswa kwimfundo nakumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokuvuselela ulwimi, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yedijithali.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemari?

1. Umario Salazar - usomlomo wasemari kunye nolwimi oluvela Esan Lucas Quiavini E-Oaxaca, Emexico. Uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe kuphando, amaxwebhu, kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwasemari.
2. Uheber Osvaldo Honorio Santiago - ungumfundisi kunye nomguquleli Wolwimi Wasemari Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumsunguli Wesikolo Solwimi Sasemari Eatoyac de Alvarez.
3. Udon Benito García Sámano-ungutitshala Wolwimi Lwasemari kunye nomlawuli Weziko Loqeqesho Lwenkcubeko Eguerrero, Emexico. Umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo ekuphuhliseni ikharityhulam yokuqala kulwimi Lwemari ejolise kubafundi besikolo samabanga aphantsi.
4. U-César A. Varón-ungumntu we-anthropologist owenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekuphandeni nasekubhaleni ulwimi Lwasemari. Ngo-2009, washicilela Incwadi Yokuqala Ye-Mari grammar, I-Gramática mari: i-principios kunye ne-del idioma, kunye Ne-Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas.
5. Juventina Valenzuela - ungumhlohli Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumlawuli kunye nomsunguli weziko lemfundo yeelwimi ezimbini " Urimareye "("indawo yokukhanya"), esebenza njengeziko Lokubuyiselwa kolwimi Lwasemari kubantwana Eguerrero, Emexico.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lulwimi Lweuralic oluthethwa ngabantu Basemari, abahlala kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El yaserussia kunye neendawo ezikufutshane. Ineziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: Imeadow, Induli Kunye Nentaba. I-syntax yayo ikakhulu inogglutinative, kunye nezinye izinto ezinefuthe. Amagama formed ngokudibanisa ingcambu kunye nezimamva, ayinike i-morphology etyebileyo neyinkimbinkimbi. Ulwimi Lwasemari lukwasebenzisa ukuphindaphinda ukugxininiswa kunye nokwenza amagama eentsingiselo ezininzi. Kukho isenzi-umyalelo wokugqibela wegama, oku kuthetha ukuba isihloko, into kunye nesenzi zivela ekupheleni kwesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemari ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga isikhokelo sokufunda ulwimi esijolise kulwimi Lwasemari, njengekhosi Yeroutledge Kulwimi Lwangoku Lwemari ngukenneth E. Croft.
2. Fumana isithethi somthonyama Sasemari onokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha naye.
3. Yiya kwiklasi yolwimi Lwasemari okanye ikhosi enikezelwa kwindawo yakho.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi Lwemari, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo kunye nevidiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi olusebenzisanayo.
5. Ziqhelanise namasiko nezithethe zabantu Base-Mari ukuze utyebise ngakumbi ukufunda ulwimi lwakho.
6. Mamela Umculo Wasemari kwaye ubukele iimovie Zasemari ukuze uqhelane nendlela ulwimi oluvakala ngayo.