Isi-albania Isi-Udmurt Humusha

Njengoba i-Albania isenkabeni Yeningizimu-Mpumalanga Yurophu, isi-albania sesibe olunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu kule ndawo. Lolu limi luwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe futhi lukhulunywa izakhamuzi ezivamile kanye nabasebenzi bebhizinisi nohulumeni. Njengoba izimpande zayo zibuyela emuva ekhulwini le-10 futhi kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7,2 abakhuluma lolu limi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania ziye zaba impahla edingeka kakhulu emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni eziningi.

Izinguqulo zesi-albania zinikeza izinsiza eziningi, njengokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni, ukuhunyushwa kwewebhusayithi, ukuhunyushwa kwe-afidavithi efungelwe, nokunye. Kungaba inselele ukuba amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo lapho zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo lwendabuko, ngakho izinsizakalo zabahumushi nabahumushi ziwusizo olukhulu. Abahumushi banikeza izinguqulo zesikhathi sangempela, ezivumela ochwepheshe ukuba baxhumane ngolimi abalukhethayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahumushi bathatha imibhalo ebhaliwe bayiguqulele kolunye ulimi, banikeze izinguqulo ezingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.

Lapho umuntu ecabangela noma iyiphi inkonzo yokuhumusha, kumelwe aqale acabangele iziqu zakhe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Abahumushi nabahumushi abaqinisekisiwe kufanele bakhulume kahle isingisi nesi-albania, futhi babe nolwazi ngamasiko namasiko endawo. Ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kufanele futhi babe nolwazi oluqinile ngendaba abayihumushayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi ekuhumusheni.

Amabhizinisi nezikhungo ezifuna ukusizakala ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania kufanele zifune izazi zezilimi ezinekhono ezingagcini nje ngokuba nobuchwepheshe olimini kodwa futhi ezihlangabezana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezizihumushayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamakhono nolwazi kubalulekile ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kufanele abheke ngokucophelela izinsizakalo zomuntu siqu zenkampani yokuhumusha, irekhodi lokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, namanani anengqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezibhalwe phansi kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukuvala umgoqo wolimi futhi afinyelele kumakhasimende ngolimi lwawo lwendabuko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokukhangisa, ukumaketha, noma imibhalo, ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwezinto zesi-albania kuyigugu elikhulu kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7 njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ikakhulukazi e-Albania Nasekosovo, kanye nakwezinye izindawo Zasebalkan, kuhlanganise nezingxenye Zasenyakatho macedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Nase-Italy.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi luyinzalo yolimi lwasendulo lwasesigodini somfula, olwaziwa ngokuthi Isi-Illyrian, olwalukhulunywa esifundeni Sasebalkan ngaphambi kwenkathi Yamaroma. Isi-albania siqala ukufakazelwa emibhalweni ebhaliwe ngasekupheleni Kwenkathi Ephakathi, kodwa izimpande zaso zibuyela emuva kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, isi-albania sasiwulimi olukhulunywa ngokuyinhloko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ezincwadini kwakulinganiselwe ezindimeni nasezingomeni zomdabu. Ekhulwini le-19, kwasungulwa uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesi-albania futhi lwasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emaphephandabeni nasezincwadini zenkolo. Kusukela i-Albania yathola inkululeko Embusweni Wase-Ottoman ngo-1912, iye yaqaphela isi-albania njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-albania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (c.1405 1468): iqhawe lesizwe lase – albania nomlawuli wezempi owakhulula I-Albania ekulawulweni Yi-Ottoman. Wabhala nemisebenzi eminingi ngesi-albania, enikeza ulimi ukwethembeka.
2. Upashko vasa (17641824): Umshisekeli wezwe nombhali owabhala enye yezincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngesi-albania, ethi "Umkhosi wezinkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (18501904): imbongi Nombhali Ovelele owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.
4. Uluigj gurakuqi (18791925): isazi semfundo Esivelele sase-albania, isazi sezilimi nombhali owaba nethonya elikhulu ekulinganisweni nasekuhlanganisweni kolimi lwesi-albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (18461900): Imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.

Ulimi lwesi-albania lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isi-albania siwulimi lomkhaya Wamandiya Aseyurophu, ingxenye yebalkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu ezinye izilimi zebalkan sprachbund njengesigreki nesimacedonia. Umnyombo wesi-albania uqukethe izilimi ezimbili, Isigheg Nesitosk, ezakhiwe ngezilimi ezincane nezinhlobo ngazinye. Lolu limi lunemisindo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neyodwa eyingqayizivele yesi-albania ebizwa ngokuthi i-implosive. Iphinde isebenzise isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokuvumelana phakathi kwezibizo namagama. Isi-albania siwulimi oluthambekele kakhulu, olunokwakheka okucebile nesakhiwo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Albanian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuthenga eziyisisekelo Albanian ulimi course noma incwadi futhi ukuyifunda. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ezisekelweni zolimi.
2. Prakthiza njalo. Makeiseka ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma, ukulalela, ukufunda, nokubhala ngesi-albania njalo.
3. Eng nolimi. Lalela Albanian audio okuqoshiwe, ubuke Albanian ithelevishini imibukiso namabhayisikobho, futhi uthole izikhulumi bomdabu Albanian ukukhuluma.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. Joyina isithangami online for abafundi ulimi, sebenzisa tutorials online, futhi bheka up amazwi kanye nemithetho lolimi online.
5. Thatha ikilasi. Uma kungenzeka, cabanga ngokuthatha isigaba solimi lwesi-albania. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle yokuthola usizo kumfundisi onolwazi.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt inqubo yokuhumusha imibhalo isuka olimini olulodwa iye olimini Lwesi-Udmurt. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Finno-Ugric olukhulunywa ngabantu base-Udmurt abahlala Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt, etholakala Enkabeni Yerussia. Lolu limi lunomlando namasiko acebile, futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt. Nakuba lolu limi lungase lubhekwe njengolungamelwe kahle ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, lusalokhu luwulimi olubalulekile kulabo abavela kule ndawo noma abanesithakazelo olimini, emasikweni nasemlandweni wabantu base-Udmurt.

Uma kuziwa Ekuhumusheni Isi-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa abahumushi bolimi lwesi-Udmurt abanolwazi, abanolwazi ngolimi nangomongo wamasiko. Umhumushi kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ukupela amagama, kanye nemisho yolimi ukuze enze izinguqulo ezinembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunembile ukwanda nokuhlukahluka kwamagama ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi umbhalo usondelene kakhulu nombhalo wokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt kungasiza ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi kunikeze abantu abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ithuba lokuqondana. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi insimu, kuhlanganise nebhizinisi, izincwadi, nabezindaba. Ingasetshenziselwa futhi ukusiza ukulondoloza isiko nomlando wabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela izindaba zabo namazwi abo ukuba ezwakale yizilaleli ezinkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isi-Udmurt kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuqonda ulimi namasiko abantu base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda imibhalo Yesi-Udmurt, kunganikeza izilaleli eziningi ithuba lokwazisa nokufunda olimini nasemasikweni abantu base-Udmurt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yindlela enhle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kwamasiko nokufunda okwengeziwe ngomunye nomunye.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia. Kukhulunywa nasemiphakathini emincane kwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane njengekazakhstan, Ibelarus Nefinland.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Uralic futhi luhlobene kakhulu nezilimi Zesi-Finno-Ugric. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-680,000, ikakhulukazi Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erussia) nasendaweni ezungezile. Uhlobo lwayo lokubhala lwabhalwa ngekhulu le-18 ngabapristi bama-orthodox aserussia, abakha isimiso sokubhala esisekelwe ezinhlamvwini Zesicyrillic. Lolu hlelo lokubhala lwaqhubeka lwandiswa futhi lwathuthukiswa phakathi nekhulu le-19 nele-20, okwaholela olimini lokubhala lwanamuhla. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezifundeni ezinabantu abangama-Udmurt, futhi lufundiswa nasezikoleni nasemanyuvesi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Udmurt?

1. Uvasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-isazi sezilimi nombhali wemisebenzi eminingi yolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, owabhala uhlelo lolimi olucacile futhi wamisa imithetho eminingi nemigomo esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
2. Uvyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Isazi nomlobi wemisebenzi eminingi ngolimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, kuhlanganise nohlelo lolimi olunzulu nezifundo ngesakhiwo sezinkondlo zase-Udmurt.
3. Unina vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - umqambi emkhakheni we-Udmurt ebhaliwe, wabhala izincwadi zokuqala ngolimi futhi wadala isichazamazwi sokuqala sase-Ukraine-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl romanovich pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu emkhakheni wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, izincwadi, kanye nezinganekwane, wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuqopha nokubhala izingoma zomdabu zesifunda.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna fyodorova - Lozhkina-Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukutadisha ulimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, washicilela amaphephandaba okuqala olimi lwesi-Udmurt futhi wabhala uhlelo lolimi nezinye izinto zokufundisa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Udmurt sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic, oluhlobene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, futhi lunokufana okuthile nezilimi Zasekomi-zyryan nasepermic. Isakhiwo sayo sibonakala nge-agglutinative morphology, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-affix ezincazelo nemiqondo ehlukene. Ulimi lunokuvumelana konkamisa okuyisici nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene, izici, nezikhathi, kanye nokuhlukanisa okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamafomu aphelele nalawo angaphelele.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Udmurt ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuzijwayeza ulimi. Funda mayelana zamagama kanye pronunciation futhi uthole ukuqonda eziyisisekelo lolimi.
2. Funda futhi ulalele native Udmurt imithombo. Lalela izindaba zendawo futhi uvumelane umculo NEZINHLELO TV ngolimi.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokubhala Udmurt. Thola umlingani ulimi noma usebenzise izinkundla inthanethi kanye nezingosi zokuxoxa ukuzijayeza.
4. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt. Kunezikhungo eziningi zezilimi ezinikeza izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt futhi ungazithola ku-inthanethi.
5. Gxila emasikweni naselulwimini. Vakashela Udmurtia futhi ukhulume izikhulumi bomdabu ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngezilimi zendawo namasiko.