Isi-albania Chuvash Humusha

Njengoba i-Albania isenkabeni Yeningizimu-Mpumalanga Yurophu, isi-albania sesibe olunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu kule ndawo. Lolu limi luwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe futhi lukhulunywa izakhamuzi ezivamile kanye nabasebenzi bebhizinisi nohulumeni. Njengoba izimpande zayo zibuyela emuva ekhulwini le-10 futhi kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7,2 abakhuluma lolu limi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania ziye zaba impahla edingeka kakhulu emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni eziningi.

Izinguqulo zesi-albania zinikeza izinsiza eziningi, njengokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni, ukuhunyushwa kwewebhusayithi, ukuhunyushwa kwe-afidavithi efungelwe, nokunye. Kungaba inselele ukuba amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo lapho zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo lwendabuko, ngakho izinsizakalo zabahumushi nabahumushi ziwusizo olukhulu. Abahumushi banikeza izinguqulo zesikhathi sangempela, ezivumela ochwepheshe ukuba baxhumane ngolimi abalukhethayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahumushi bathatha imibhalo ebhaliwe bayiguqulele kolunye ulimi, banikeze izinguqulo ezingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.

Lapho umuntu ecabangela noma iyiphi inkonzo yokuhumusha, kumelwe aqale acabangele iziqu zakhe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Abahumushi nabahumushi abaqinisekisiwe kufanele bakhulume kahle isingisi nesi-albania, futhi babe nolwazi ngamasiko namasiko endawo. Ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kufanele futhi babe nolwazi oluqinile ngendaba abayihumushayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi ekuhumusheni.

Amabhizinisi nezikhungo ezifuna ukusizakala ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania kufanele zifune izazi zezilimi ezinekhono ezingagcini nje ngokuba nobuchwepheshe olimini kodwa futhi ezihlangabezana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezizihumushayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamakhono nolwazi kubalulekile ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kufanele abheke ngokucophelela izinsizakalo zomuntu siqu zenkampani yokuhumusha, irekhodi lokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, namanani anengqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezibhalwe phansi kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukuvala umgoqo wolimi futhi afinyelele kumakhasimende ngolimi lwawo lwendabuko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokukhangisa, ukumaketha, noma imibhalo, ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwezinto zesi-albania kuyigugu elikhulu kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7 njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ikakhulukazi e-Albania Nasekosovo, kanye nakwezinye izindawo Zasebalkan, kuhlanganise nezingxenye Zasenyakatho macedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Nase-Italy.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi luyinzalo yolimi lwasendulo lwasesigodini somfula, olwaziwa ngokuthi Isi-Illyrian, olwalukhulunywa esifundeni Sasebalkan ngaphambi kwenkathi Yamaroma. Isi-albania siqala ukufakazelwa emibhalweni ebhaliwe ngasekupheleni Kwenkathi Ephakathi, kodwa izimpande zaso zibuyela emuva kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, isi-albania sasiwulimi olukhulunywa ngokuyinhloko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ezincwadini kwakulinganiselwe ezindimeni nasezingomeni zomdabu. Ekhulwini le-19, kwasungulwa uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesi-albania futhi lwasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emaphephandabeni nasezincwadini zenkolo. Kusukela i-Albania yathola inkululeko Embusweni Wase-Ottoman ngo-1912, iye yaqaphela isi-albania njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-albania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (c.1405 1468): iqhawe lesizwe lase – albania nomlawuli wezempi owakhulula I-Albania ekulawulweni Yi-Ottoman. Wabhala nemisebenzi eminingi ngesi-albania, enikeza ulimi ukwethembeka.
2. Upashko vasa (17641824): Umshisekeli wezwe nombhali owabhala enye yezincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngesi-albania, ethi "Umkhosi wezinkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (18501904): imbongi Nombhali Ovelele owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.
4. Uluigj gurakuqi (18791925): isazi semfundo Esivelele sase-albania, isazi sezilimi nombhali owaba nethonya elikhulu ekulinganisweni nasekuhlanganisweni kolimi lwesi-albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (18461900): Imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.

Ulimi lwesi-albania lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isi-albania siwulimi lomkhaya Wamandiya Aseyurophu, ingxenye yebalkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu ezinye izilimi zebalkan sprachbund njengesigreki nesimacedonia. Umnyombo wesi-albania uqukethe izilimi ezimbili, Isigheg Nesitosk, ezakhiwe ngezilimi ezincane nezinhlobo ngazinye. Lolu limi lunemisindo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neyodwa eyingqayizivele yesi-albania ebizwa ngokuthi i-implosive. Iphinde isebenzise isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokuvumelana phakathi kwezibizo namagama. Isi-albania siwulimi oluthambekele kakhulu, olunokwakheka okucebile nesakhiwo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Albanian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuthenga eziyisisekelo Albanian ulimi course noma incwadi futhi ukuyifunda. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ezisekelweni zolimi.
2. Prakthiza njalo. Makeiseka ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma, ukulalela, ukufunda, nokubhala ngesi-albania njalo.
3. Eng nolimi. Lalela Albanian audio okuqoshiwe, ubuke Albanian ithelevishini imibukiso namabhayisikobho, futhi uthole izikhulumi bomdabu Albanian ukukhuluma.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. Joyina isithangami online for abafundi ulimi, sebenzisa tutorials online, futhi bheka up amazwi kanye nemithetho lolimi online.
5. Thatha ikilasi. Uma kungenzeka, cabanga ngokuthatha isigaba solimi lwesi-albania. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle yokuthola usizo kumfundisi onolwazi.

Ukuhumusha kwesichuvash, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhumusha Kwesichuvash, kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuhumusha esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngolimi Lwesichuvash. Lolu limi luvela kubantu Abangamachuvash, abahlala ezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia nase-Ukraine. Ingolunye lwezilimi Zamaturkic futhi inezikhulumi ezingaphezu kwesigidi, okwenza kube ulimi olubalulekile ukuhumushela kulo.

Ukuze uhumushe kahle Kusuka Noma uye Olimini Lwesichuvash, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhumusha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zihlukile ezinhlamvwini zesilatini, ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izilimi Zaseyurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, amagama aqukethe izinhlamvu Zesicyrillic ezifana No-A, П, С, Records kumelwe aguqulwe abe amagama afanayo esilatini ukuze aqondwe umfundi.

Inqubo yokuhumushela Olimini Lwesichuvash ihilela izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, umhumushi kudingeka abe nokuqonda okukhulu kokubili izilimi eziwumthombo neziqondisiwe. Kumelwe baqonde ukwakheka kwemisho, incazelo, nokubizwa kolimi oluwumthombo. Khona-ke kumelwe bakwazi ukudlulisela lokhu ngendlela efanele olimini okuhloswe ngalo, becabangela imithetho yohlelo lolimi nesakhiwo semisho yolimi okuhloswe ngalo.

Lapho izinguqulo seziqediwe, umhumushi kumelwe aqhathanise ngokucophelela umbhalo wokuqala nenguqulo ehunyushiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kudlulisela umyalezo ohlosiwe ngendlela efanele. Futhi kuwumthwalo womhumushi ukwenza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko namagama esipelingi ahunyushwa ngokunembile.

Kulabo abafuna ukufunda Isichuvash, kunezifundo ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala kuyi-internet nasemanyuvesi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufunda ulimi ngeke kunikeze ukuqonda okuphelele kokuhunyushwa Kwesichuvash. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhumusha kungenziwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokusebenza nokuzinikela.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isichuvash kuyikhono elibalulekile lokulawula uma ufisa ukuxhumana nabantu basechuvash. Ngendlela efanele nolwazi, kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okudla isikhathi kodwa okuzuzisayo.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesichuvash olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvash Yaserussia, kanye nasezingxenyeni Zasemari El, Etatarstan nase-Udmurtia Erussia, Nasekazakhstan nase-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesichuvash?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,5 erussia. Yilona kuphela ilungu elisindile legatsha Lama-Oghur lezilimi Zamaturkic. Ulimi lwalukhulunywa kakhulu ezindaweni manje ezaziwa Ngokuthi Yiriphabhulikhi Yasechuvashia, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia.
Umlando obhaliwe wolimi Lwesichuvash ungahle uhlehlele emuva ekhulwini le-13 kanti imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe itholakala emibhalweni yesandla kusukela ngekhulu le-14 nele-15. Eziningi zalezi zincwadi zembula ukuthi ulimi luye lwashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekhulwini le-15, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaluthonywe kakhulu ulimi lwesitatar oluzungezile lwegolden horde futhi lwalubhalwe ngezinhlamvu zamagama zesitatar esidala.
Ekhulwini le-18, izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zadalwa isazi saserussia, Usemyon remezov, esazisekela ezinhlamvwini Zamagama Zesicyrillic. Lolu alu lwezinhlamvu olusha lwasetshenziselwa ukudala izincwadi zokuqala ezinyathelisiwe Zesichuvash ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaqashelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lombuso waserussia futhi kwenziwa eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezincwadi ngalesi sikhathi.
Ulimi Lwesichuvash luyaqhubeka lukhulunywa namuhla futhi lufundiswa nakwezinye izikole Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvashia. Kukhona nemizamo esebenzayo yokulondoloza nokukhuthaza lolu limi Erussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesichuvash?

1. Umikhail vasilevich yakovlev isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owasungula uhlelo lolimi lokuqala oluphelele lolimi.
2. Uyakov Kostyukov-isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ulimi ngokuhlela nokushicilela imisebenzi eminingi.
3. Unikolay Ziberov-umsizi omkhulu ekungenisweni kwezinhlamvu zesilatini zolimi Lwesichuvash.
4. Uvasily peskov-uthisha, owasungula incwadi yokuqala yesikole yolimi Lwesichuvash ngo-1904.
5. U – Oleg bessonov-umuntu onethonya ekuthuthukiseni I-standard chuvash yanamuhla, owasebenza ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezahlukene zolimi.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesichuvash sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lungolwemindeni yezilimi zamaturkic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokungeza uchungechunge lwezijobelelo nezijobelelo egameni eliyisisekelo. Ukuhleleka kwamagama ngokuvamile kuyisihloko-into-isenzo, ngokuhleleka kwamagama okukhululekile ngaphakathi kwemisho. Amagama ahlukaniswe aba ubulili obubili futhi athatha izijobelelo ezisekelwe ekilasini ukuze abonise inombolo, icala, nokucaciswa. Izenzo ziyavumelana nesihloko somusho nesihlanganisi kuye ngokuthi isikhathi nesici.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Chuvash ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izisekelo zolimi, njengohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nohlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo. Kukhona ezinye izinsiza ezinkulu ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, njenge Chuvash.org noma Chuvash.eu lokho kungakusiza ngalokhu.
2. Sebenzisa ukuqoshwa komsindo kwezikhulumi zomdabu nemisho eyisampula ukuze wakhe ngokushesha isisekelo samagama nemishwana engxoxweni. Lalela izinhlelo zomsakazo futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho nezinhlelo zethelevishini Chuvash. Gxila olimini ukuze ukhulume kahle futhi ukhululeke kakhudlwana ngalo.
3. Prakthiza lokho okufundile nge izikhulumi bomdabu, kungaba mathupha noma ngokusebenzisa izinkundla online. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uthole ama-nuances endawo futhi uthole ukuqonda ngamasiko.
4. Funda izincwadi namaphephandaba Chuvash ukuthuthukisa silulumagama yakho kanye nohlelo lolimi. Lapho ufunda okwengeziwe, kulapho ukuqonda kwakho nohlelo lolimi kuyoba ngcono khona.
5. Ekugcineni, ukwengeza ukufunda kwakho ngemisebenzi efana ukubhala Chuvash, iqhaza chuvash izinkundla online futhi ukutadisha izivivinyo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqinise ukubamba kwakho ulimi.