Isi-albania Isi-arabh Humusha

Njengoba i-Albania isenkabeni Yeningizimu-Mpumalanga Yurophu, isi-albania sesibe olunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu kule ndawo. Lolu limi luwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe futhi lukhulunywa izakhamuzi ezivamile kanye nabasebenzi bebhizinisi nohulumeni. Njengoba izimpande zayo zibuyela emuva ekhulwini le-10 futhi kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7,2 abakhuluma lolu limi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania ziye zaba impahla edingeka kakhulu emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni eziningi.

Izinguqulo zesi-albania zinikeza izinsiza eziningi, njengokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni, ukuhunyushwa kwewebhusayithi, ukuhunyushwa kwe-afidavithi efungelwe, nokunye. Kungaba inselele ukuba amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo lapho zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo lwendabuko, ngakho izinsizakalo zabahumushi nabahumushi ziwusizo olukhulu. Abahumushi banikeza izinguqulo zesikhathi sangempela, ezivumela ochwepheshe ukuba baxhumane ngolimi abalukhethayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahumushi bathatha imibhalo ebhaliwe bayiguqulele kolunye ulimi, banikeze izinguqulo ezingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.

Lapho umuntu ecabangela noma iyiphi inkonzo yokuhumusha, kumelwe aqale acabangele iziqu zakhe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Abahumushi nabahumushi abaqinisekisiwe kufanele bakhulume kahle isingisi nesi-albania, futhi babe nolwazi ngamasiko namasiko endawo. Ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kufanele futhi babe nolwazi oluqinile ngendaba abayihumushayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi ekuhumusheni.

Amabhizinisi nezikhungo ezifuna ukusizakala ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-albania kufanele zifune izazi zezilimi ezinekhono ezingagcini nje ngokuba nobuchwepheshe olimini kodwa futhi ezihlangabezana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezizihumushayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamakhono nolwazi kubalulekile ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kufanele abheke ngokucophelela izinsizakalo zomuntu siqu zenkampani yokuhumusha, irekhodi lokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, namanani anengqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezibhalwe phansi kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukuvala umgoqo wolimi futhi afinyelele kumakhasimende ngolimi lwawo lwendabuko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokukhangisa, ukumaketha, noma imibhalo, ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwezinto zesi-albania kuyigugu elikhulu kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7 njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ikakhulukazi e-Albania Nasekosovo, kanye nakwezinye izindawo Zasebalkan, kuhlanganise nezingxenye Zasenyakatho macedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Nase-Italy.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-albania?

Ulimi lwesi-albania lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi luyinzalo yolimi lwasendulo lwasesigodini somfula, olwaziwa ngokuthi Isi-Illyrian, olwalukhulunywa esifundeni Sasebalkan ngaphambi kwenkathi Yamaroma. Isi-albania siqala ukufakazelwa emibhalweni ebhaliwe ngasekupheleni Kwenkathi Ephakathi, kodwa izimpande zaso zibuyela emuva kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, isi-albania sasiwulimi olukhulunywa ngokuyinhloko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ezincwadini kwakulinganiselwe ezindimeni nasezingomeni zomdabu. Ekhulwini le-19, kwasungulwa uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesi-albania futhi lwasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emaphephandabeni nasezincwadini zenkolo. Kusukela i-Albania yathola inkululeko Embusweni Wase-Ottoman ngo-1912, iye yaqaphela isi-albania njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-albania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (c.1405 1468): iqhawe lesizwe lase – albania nomlawuli wezempi owakhulula I-Albania ekulawulweni Yi-Ottoman. Wabhala nemisebenzi eminingi ngesi-albania, enikeza ulimi ukwethembeka.
2. Upashko vasa (17641824): Umshisekeli wezwe nombhali owabhala enye yezincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngesi-albania, ethi "Umkhosi wezinkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (18501904): imbongi Nombhali Ovelele owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.
4. Uluigj gurakuqi (18791925): isazi semfundo Esivelele sase-albania, isazi sezilimi nombhali owaba nethonya elikhulu ekulinganisweni nasekuhlanganisweni kolimi lwesi-albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (18461900): Imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesimanje zase-albania.

Ulimi lwesi-albania lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isi-albania siwulimi lomkhaya Wamandiya Aseyurophu, ingxenye yebalkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu ezinye izilimi zebalkan sprachbund njengesigreki nesimacedonia. Umnyombo wesi-albania uqukethe izilimi ezimbili, Isigheg Nesitosk, ezakhiwe ngezilimi ezincane nezinhlobo ngazinye. Lolu limi lunemisindo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neyodwa eyingqayizivele yesi-albania ebizwa ngokuthi i-implosive. Iphinde isebenzise isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokuvumelana phakathi kwezibizo namagama. Isi-albania siwulimi oluthambekele kakhulu, olunokwakheka okucebile nesakhiwo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Albanian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuthenga eziyisisekelo Albanian ulimi course noma incwadi futhi ukuyifunda. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ezisekelweni zolimi.
2. Prakthiza njalo. Makeiseka ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma, ukulalela, ukufunda, nokubhala ngesi-albania njalo.
3. Eng nolimi. Lalela Albanian audio okuqoshiwe, ubuke Albanian ithelevishini imibukiso namabhayisikobho, futhi uthole izikhulumi bomdabu Albanian ukukhuluma.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. Joyina isithangami online for abafundi ulimi, sebenzisa tutorials online, futhi bheka up amazwi kanye nemithetho lolimi online.
5. Thatha ikilasi. Uma kungenzeka, cabanga ngokuthatha isigaba solimi lwesi-albania. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle yokuthola usizo kumfundisi onolwazi.

Ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Njengolunye lwezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, isi-arabhu siyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana emikhakheni eminingi yokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi, ezombangazwe, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukushintshana ngamasiko, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, kungaba okubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo.

Ebhizinisini, ikhono lokuhumusha ngokunembile imibhalo yebhizinisi nezincwadi libaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba amazwe akhuluma isi-arabhu eba yingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, abahumushi abanekhono besi-arabhu babalulekile ezingxoxweni eziphumelelayo, ekumaketheni nasekusebenzeleni amakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngesi-arabhu lusiza izinkampani ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zakha izimpahla, izinsizakalo namasu emakethe ekhuluma isi-arabhu.

Ngokwezombangazwe, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqembu asekhasini elilodwa. Kusukela ekuqondeni izivumelwano zokuhwebelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kuya ekuqondiseni izingxoxo zokuthula, ukuhumusha ngesi-arabhu kunendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izithakazelo nemibono ehlukene iyahlonishwa.

Ngokwesiko, ukuhumusha isi-arabhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni umlando, izincwadi, izinkondlo, inkolo nobuciko bemiphakathi ekhuluma isi-arabhu. Ngokuhunyushwa okunembile kwemibhalo, abezindaba, imibhalo, nezingxoxo ezikhulunywayo, abantu bangafunda ngemikhuba yamasiko eyingqayizivele yalaba bantu. Ukuze sinikeze isibonelo, izinguqulo zesingisi zezincwadi zakudala zesi-arabhu ezinjenge-Thousand And One nights zingasiza labo abanesithakazelo sokufunda ngamasiko Ama-Arabhu namasiko awo.

Ekugcineni, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yezokwelapha yesi-arabhu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile onganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi odokotela abasichitha bezama ukuhumusha le mibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okunembile kungasiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokuvumela izisebenzi zezokwelapha ukuba ziqonde ngokushesha umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli nezidingo zokunakekelwa.

Kusukela kwezamabhizinisi nakwezombangazwe kuya ezincwadini nakwezokwelapha, ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Abahumushi abanekhono kudingeka bavale ngokunembile igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kucacile futhi kufushane. Ngokuhumusha okunembile, izinkampani, izinhlangano, abantu ngabanye, nezizwe zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula emhlabeni.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isi-arabhu?

Isi-arabhu siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Algeria, Ebahrain, Ecomoros, Echad, Edjibouti, Egibhithe, E-Iraq, Ejordani, Ekuwait, Elebanon, Elibya, Emauritania, Emorocco, E-Oman, Epalestine, Eqatar, Esaudi Arabia, Esomalia, Esudan, Esyria, Etunisia, E-United Arab Emirates Naseyemen. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-United States, Efrance, Espain Nase-Israel.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-arabhu?

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunomlando omude futhi ovelele, ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu limi lwavela ohlotsheni lwezilimi zamasemite zasendulo, okucatshangwa ukuthi zavela Enhlonhlweni Yase-arabia ngekhulu lesi-4 bc. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu limi lwasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwatholakala ezingxenyeni Ezithile Ze-Afrika Nasempumalanga Ephakathi.
Ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile phakathi neminyaka yalo yokuqala, hhayi okungenani ukwanda Kobusulumane ngekhulu lesi-7 ad kanye nokwethulwa Kwekoran. Lokhu kwasiza ekwakheni ulimi, kwaletha amagama amasha amaningana, imishwana nemigomo yohlelo lolimi, kuyilapho kuqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesi-Arabhu Sakudala.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kusukela yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ulimi lwesi-arabhu luye lwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi, lapho luye lwasetshenziselwa khona ukwenza imisebenzi engaphelelwa isikhathi yezinkondlo, ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Ezikhathini zamuva, iye yamukelwa nasezifundweni eziningi zesayensi, isekelwe emlandweni wayo ocebile njengolimi lolwazi nokukhuluma kahle.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-arabhu?

1. U-Abu al-Qasim al-zahiri (wekhulu lesi – 9 kuya kwele-10) - isazi sohlelo lolimi esivelele, kuthiwa wakhiqiza imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesi-arabhu, kuhlanganise Nekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi), omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu lwakudala.
2. U-Ibn Qutaiba (828896 ad) – umbhali onethonya nesazi esabhala umsebenzi onemiqulu engu-12 ngohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu nezilimi ezinesihloko Esithi kitab al-shi 'r wa al-Shu' ara (Incwadi yezinkondlo Nezimbongi).
3. U-al – Jahiz (776869 ad) - umuntu othandekayo wezincwadi nesazi-mlando, imisebenzi yakhe yahlola izihloko eziningi kusukela kuhlelo lolimi kuya kwezesayensi yezilwane.
4. U – Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad (717791 ad) isazi sezilimi esidumile nesazi esasisebenzisa uhlelo lwaso lwezilimi Ekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi) yamukelwa kabanzi ngekhulu lesi-8.
5. U-Ibn muqaffa ' (721756 ad) – umhumushi odumile nommeli wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuhunyushwa kwemisebenzi yasendulo yasepheresiya ngesi-arabhu.

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-arabhu sisekelwe ekubunjweni kwezimpande namaphethini. Amagama amaningi olimini atholakala emsukeni onezinhlamvu ezintathu( ezinhlangothi ezintathu), lapho kungangezwa khona onkamisa abahlukahlukene nemisindo ukuze kwakhiwe amagama amasha anencazelo ehlobene. Lokhu kutholakala kuhilela ukushintsha onkamisa nemisindo, kanye nokwengeza iziqalo noma izijobelelo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ulimi lwesi-arabhu lucebe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi luveze imizwa yalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thola umfundisi ofanelekayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kakhulu, indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu ukuthola umfundisi ofanelekayo ongakufundisa. Bheka umfundisi onolwazi lokufundisa ulimi futhi angakusiza uqonde izakhiwo zohlelo lolimi kanye nemininingwane yolimi.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene. Nakuba ukufunda kumfundisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, kufanele usebenzise nezinye izinsiza ezinjengezincwadi, izifundo ezikuyi-internet, ama-video akuyi-internet, nezinto ezilalelwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulimi ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene futhi kuzokusiza uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
3. Prakthiza njalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba umuntu akwazi ukukhuluma kahle ulimi iwukuzijwayeza njalo. Prakthiza ukubhala, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, nokulalela ulimi. Zama ukuzicwilisa olimini ngokubuka amafilimu esi-arabhu, ukukhuluma nabantu abakhuluma isi-arabhu, noma ukulalela umculo wesi-arabhu.
4. Yenze eyakho ngempela. The more ungakwazi ngezifiso yokufunda yakho isipiliyoni, the kangcono off uzoba. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amasu asebenza kangcono ngohlobo lwakho lokufunda bese wenza ngokwezifiso indlela yakho yolimi ngokufanele.