Isislovak Isi-Uzbek Humusha

Ukuhumusha ngesislovak kuwumkhuba wokuhumusha ulimi olubhaliwe noma olukhulunywayo kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye. Kuyinkambu ekhethekile kakhulu, futhi idinga ulwazi oluningi nobuchwepheshe. Isislovak siwulimi olusemthethweni Eslovakia, ngakho noma yimuphi umbhalo noma ukuxhumana okufanele kuhunyushwe kufanele kunamathele ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zokunemba nobuchwepheshe.

Inqubo yokuhumusha ngesislovak iqala ngokukhethwa komhumushi ofanelekayo ukuze aqedele umsebenzi. Umhumushi kumelwe abe nolwazi oluhle ngolimi lomthombo nolimi okubhekiswe kulo, futhi kumelwe futhi ajwayelane nemininingwane ehlukile yamasiko nezilimi ezihlobene nesislovak. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kumelwe akwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile umyalezo ohlosiwe womthombo.

Lapho umhumushi ofanele esekhethiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuthi baqale ukuhumushela ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo olimini okuhloswe ngalo. Kuye ngokuthi umbhalo uyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, lokhu kungathatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni amaningana. Kwezinye izimo, umhumushi kungase kudingeke ukuba axhumane nochwepheshe wolimi noma isiko ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kuphelele.

Lapho ukuhumusha sekuqediwe, kubalulekile ukuba umhumushi ahlole umsebenzi wakhe ukuze abone ukuthi awunembile yini. Lokhu kusho ukufunda umbhalo izikhathi eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqiniso, izibalo, ngisho nemininingwane emincane idluliselwa kahle. Umhumushi kufanele futhi aqaphele ukungaqondakali nokungalungi okungenzeka emthonjeni, futhi enze noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okudingekayo.

Ukuhumusha ngesislovak kungaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ozuzisayo. Ngolwazi olufanele nobuchwepheshe, umhumushi ofanelekayo anganikeza izinguqulo ezingenaphutha futhi aholele ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamasiko amabili ahlukene.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isislovak?

Ulimi lwesislovak lukhulunywa kakhulu Eslovakia, kodwa lungatholakala nakwamanye amazwe kuhlanganise Ne-Austria, Iczech Republic, Ihungary, Ipoland, Iserbia Ne-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesislovak?

Isislovak siwulimi Lwasentshonalanga Slavic futhi sinemvelaphi yaso Kuproto-Slavic, eyaqala ngekhulu lesi-5 ad. Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi, isislovak saqala ukukhula saba ulimi lwaso oluhlukile futhi sathonywa kakhulu izilimi zesilatini, isiczech nesijalimane. Ngekhulu le-11, Isislavonic Esidala Sesonto sase siphenduke ulimi oluvamile Lwaseslovakia futhi sahlala sinjalo kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19. Maphakathi nawo-1800, kwaqala ukuhlelwa kabusha kweslovak futhi kwasungulwa uhlelo lolimi oluhlanganisiwe nokupela amagama. Ngo-1843, U-Anton bernolák wanyathelisa inguqulo yolimi ehleliwe, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Bernolák Standard. Lolu hlelo lwavuselelwa futhi lwabuyekezwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nekhulu le-19, ekugcineni lwaholela eslovak yanamuhla esetshenziswa namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesislovak?

1. Uludovít Štúr (1815 1856): isazi sezilimi saseslovak, umbhali nosopolitiki owayengumuntu obalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwesizwe Saseslovakia ngekhulu le - 19. Wasungula indinganiso yokuqala yolimi lwesislovak eyaziwa Ngokuthi Ulimi Lukaljudovít Štúr.
2. Upavol dobšinský (1827 1885): imbongi yaseslovak, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi wephrozi omsebenzi wakhe wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwanamuhla lwezincwadi zaseslovak.
3. Ujozef miloslav hurban (18171886): umbhali waseslovak, imbongi nomshicileli owayengumsekeli wokuqala wobunikazi besizwe saseslovak. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuhlanganise nezinkondlo nezinoveli zomlando, yasiza ekwakheni ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwesislovak lwanamuhla.
4. U-Anton bernolák (1762 1813): isazi sezilimi saseslovak nompristi owasungula uhlobo lokuqala oluhlanganisiwe lwesislovak sanamuhla, alubiza Ngokuthi Ulimi Lukabernolák.
5. Umartin hattala (1910 1996): isazi sezilimi saseslovak kanye nesazi sezichazamazwi esabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala saseslovak futhi sabhala kabanzi ngohlelo lolimi lwesislovak nokwakheka kwamagama.

Ulimi lwesislovak lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo sesislovak sisekelwe kakhulu kwezinye izilimi Zesislavic, njengesiczech nesirashiya. Landela i-syntax yesihloko-isenzo-into futhi inohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokumaka icala. Luwulimi olushintshashintshayo, olunezimo eziyisikhombisa nobulili obubili. Isislovak sinezici ezihlukahlukene zomlomo, kanye nezikhathi ezimbili (zamanje nezangesikhathi esidlule). Njengakwezinye izilimi zesislavic, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi zamagama zithathwe emsukeni owodwa.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Slovak ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thenga incwadi Slovak course kanye workbook. Lokhu kuyoba umthombo wakho oyinhloko wamagama, uhlelo lolimi, namasiko.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. I-YouTube inamavidiyo amaningi amahhala afundisa isislovak atholakala mahhala. Kukhona futhi amawebhusayithi amaningi anikeza izivivinyo nezinye izinto zokufunda.
3. Cabanga ngokuthatha amakilasi. Uma ukhuluma iqiniso ngokufunda ulimi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ngempela izisho zendawo iwukuba nokuxhumana njalo nesikhulumi sendawo esingakunikeza impendulo futhi sikuqondise kule nqubo.
4. Prakthiza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungazijwayeza ukukhuluma nokulalela ngokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu noma ukuthola umlingani wokushintshana ngolimi. Sebenzisa amabhayisikobho, IMIBUKISO TV nezingoma in Slovak ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho ukufunda nokulalela.
5. Zicwilise emasikweni. Zama ukufunda ngokuphila kwansuku zonke Slovak, amasiko, amaholide nokuningi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ulimi oluvamile nemishwana yendawo.
6. Ungadikibali. Ukufunda olunye ulimi akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa kungenziwa. Beka imigomo enengqondo futhi unamathele kubo. Uma uzithola ukhungathekile, thatha ikhefu ubuyele kuwo kamuva.

Ukuhumusha isi-Uzbek inqubo yokuhumushela imibhalo ebhaliwe, ama-voice-overs, ama-multimedia, amawebhusayithi, amafayela alalelwayo, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana olimini lwesi-Uzbek. Izilaleli eziyinhloko ezibhekiswe kuzo ekuhumusheni isi-Uzbek ngabantu abakhuluma isi-Uzbek njengolimi lwabo lokuqala, kuhlanganise nalabo abahlala e-Uzbekistan, E-Afghanistan, Ekazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe Ase-Asia Ephakathi.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isi-Uzbek, izinga libalulekile. Professional translation services kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla elihunyushwe umsindo yemvelo futhi mahhala emaphutheni. Abahumushi kufanele babe nokuqonda okubanzi kolimi lwesi-Uzbek kanye nemininingwane yalo yamasiko, kanye nobuchwepheshe bamagama akhethekile asetshenziswe embhalweni okuhloswe ngawo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokufundeka, isazi sezilimi kufanele sijwayelane nesi-Uzbek nolimi oluwumthombo.

Kumabhizinisi afuna ukufinyelela emakethe yase-Uzbek, iphrojekthi yokuhumusha eyenziwe kahle ingenza umehluko omkhulu. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokumaketha, imiyalo yomkhiqizo, amawebhusayithi, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zebhizinisi zihunyushwa ngokunembile, izinkampani zingafinyelela futhi zixhumane nezethameli ezibanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okwenziwa endaweni ethile kusiza ekwakheni ukwethembana phakathi kwezinkampani namakhasimende azo ngokubonisa ukuthi ziye zathatha isikhathi sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zolimi zezilaleli ezihlosiwe.

Kumaphrojekthi okuhumusha izincwadi, njengezincwadi, omagazini, namabhulogi, abahumushi base-Uzbek kufanele babe nokuqonda okujulile komthombo ukuze babambe incazelo yokuqala futhi banikeze abafundi ukuqonda okunembile kombhalo. abahumushi kumelwe futhi bazi ngemiphumela engokomlando, yezombangazwe, neyamasiko yamagama nemishwana ethile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba umhumushi ajwayelane nezinhlamvu zesi-Uzbek nemikhuba yazo yokubhala.

Ukuhumusha isi-Uzbek kuwumzamo oyinkimbinkimbi futhi onemininingwane eminingi, odinga ochwepheshe abanekhono kakhulu abaqonda ukubaluleka kokunemba nokucaca. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuhumusha iwebhusayithi, idokhumenti, ukuqoshwa komsindo, noma olunye uhlobo lokuxhumana, ukuqasha isevisi yokuhumusha yase-Uzbek kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa umphumela ophumelelayo.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesi-Uzbek?

Isi-Uzbek sikhulunywa e-Uzbekistan, E-Afghanistan, Etajikistan, Ekazakhstan, Eturkmenistan, Ekyrgyzstan, Erussia Nasechina.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-Uzbek?

Ulimi lwesi-Uzbek luwulimi Lwasempumalanga Turkic olungolwegatsha Lasekarluk lomndeni wezilimi Zaseturkic. Kukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-25 abatholakala ikakhulukazi e-Uzbekistan, Etajikistan, Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan nakwezinye izingxenye Ze-Asia Ephakathi Nerussia.
Uhlobo lwanamuhla lolimi lwesi-Uzbek lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngekhulu le-18 ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kombuso Wekhanate Yasebukhara, owawuyingxenye yesifunda esikhuluma isi-Uzbek. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwanezelwa ithonya elikhulu lesipheresiya olimini lwesi-Uzbek, okuyinto eye yahlala iyisici esivelele kuze kube namuhla.
Phakathi nekhulu le-19, izinguquko ezaholwa U-Emir Wasebukhara, Unasrullah Khan, zasiza ekusakazeni ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi zesi-Uzbek Embusweni. Lokhu kwakungenxa yenqubomgomo yakhe yokukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala isipheresiya nesi-arabhu phakathi kwezikhonzi zakhe ukuba zakhe umbuso ohlangene ngokwengeziwe.
Ngo-1924, ulimi lwesi-Uzbek lwathiwa luwulimi olusemthethweni Esoviet Central Asia, futhi kwaqalwa izinhlamvu Zesicyrillic njengesisekelo sesimiso salo sokubhala. Ngemva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union ngo-1991, I-Uzbekistan yathola inkululeko, okwenza isi-Uzbek saba ulimi lwayo olusemthethweni. Kusukela ekuthatheni inkululeko, kuye kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi olimini nasendleleni yalo yokubhala, kuhlanganise nokwethulwa kombhalo wokubhala osekelwe olimini lwesilatini nokwakhiwa Kwe-Uzbek language Academy ngo-1992.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-Uzbek?

1. U-Alisher Navoi (14411501): Unavoi kuthiwa nguye owethula ulimi lwesi-Uzbek emhlabeni obhaliwe. Izinkondlo zakhe nesitayela sakhe sokubhala kwaba isibonelo sezimbongi nababhali bakusasa.
2. U-Abdurashid Ibrahimov (1922-2011): U-Ibrahimov wayengusosayensi wezilimi odumile wase-Uzbek owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokubhala yesimanje kanye nokwenza kube yinto ejwayelekile ukupela amagama nohlelo lolimi lwesi-Uzbek.
3. Uzebunisa Jamalova (1928-2015): Ujamalova wayengomunye wabesifazane bokuqala ukubhala ngolimi lwesi-Uzbek futhi imisebenzi yakhe isathonya nanamuhla.
4. Umuhandislar qulamov (1926-2002): Uqulamov wayephethe ukuthuthukisa izinhlamvu zamagama zolimi lwesi-Uzbek, olusetshenziswe ezinye izilimi eziningi.
5. Usharof rashidov (19041983): Urashidov kuthiwa wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesi-Uzbek ngesikhathi Sesoviet futhi walwenza lwaba yingxenye yohlelo lwezifundo ezikoleni. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi namasiko ase-Uzbek.

Kanjani ukwakheka ulimi Uzbek?

Ulimi lwesi-Uzbek luwulimi Lwesiturkic oluyingxenye yomndeni Wama-Altaic, ohlanganisa nesiturkey nesimongolia. Ibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesilatini futhi inezici ezithile zesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesirashiya. Ulimi lunemisindo eyisishiyagalombili yonkamisa, imisindo engamashumi amabili nambili yonkamisa, ubulili obuthathu (owesilisa, owesifazane, nongathathi.), amacala amane (okuqamba, okugxekayo, okuqamba, nokuzala), izikhathi ezine zesenzo (esamanje, esedlule, esizayo, nesikhathi esedlule-esizayo), nezici ezimbili (eziphelele nezingaphelele). Ukuhleleka kwamagama ngokuyinhloko Kuyisihloko-Into-Isenzo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Uzbek ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola uthisha ofanelekayo noma uthisha ukufunda ulimi Uzbek. Ukuba nothisha noma uthisha ofanelekayo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele futhi ngejubane lakho.
2. Nikela isikhathi ekutadisheni. Zama ukubeka eceleni isikhathi esithile usuku ngalunye ukuzijayeza futhi abukeze impahla ufunda.
3. Sebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakala ku-inthanethi. Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezinikeza izifundo nokuzivocavoca ukuze ufunde ulimi lwesi-Uzbek.
4. Funda imishwana ingxoxo kuqala. Kubalulekile ukugxila ekufundeni imishwana eyisisekelo engxoxweni ngaphambi kokuba uthuthele ezihlokweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zohlelo lolimi.
5. Lalela umculo Uzbek futhi ubuke amafilimu Uzbek kanye tv. Ukulalela umculo, ama-video namafilimu ase-Uzbek kuyindlela enhle yokuzifaka olimini nasemasikweni.
6. Basebenzisane izikhulumi bomdabu. Uma kungenzeka, zama ukuthola isikhulumi bomdabu Uzbek ongakusiza umkhuba ukukhuluma nokubhala ngolimi.