Isislovak Elvish (Sindarin) Humusha

Ukuhumusha ngesislovak kuwumkhuba wokuhumusha ulimi olubhaliwe noma olukhulunywayo kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye. Kuyinkambu ekhethekile kakhulu, futhi idinga ulwazi oluningi nobuchwepheshe. Isislovak siwulimi olusemthethweni Eslovakia, ngakho noma yimuphi umbhalo noma ukuxhumana okufanele kuhunyushwe kufanele kunamathele ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zokunemba nobuchwepheshe.

Inqubo yokuhumusha ngesislovak iqala ngokukhethwa komhumushi ofanelekayo ukuze aqedele umsebenzi. Umhumushi kumelwe abe nolwazi oluhle ngolimi lomthombo nolimi okubhekiswe kulo, futhi kumelwe futhi ajwayelane nemininingwane ehlukile yamasiko nezilimi ezihlobene nesislovak. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kumelwe akwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile umyalezo ohlosiwe womthombo.

Lapho umhumushi ofanele esekhethiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuthi baqale ukuhumushela ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo olimini okuhloswe ngalo. Kuye ngokuthi umbhalo uyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, lokhu kungathatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni amaningana. Kwezinye izimo, umhumushi kungase kudingeke ukuba axhumane nochwepheshe wolimi noma isiko ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kuphelele.

Lapho ukuhumusha sekuqediwe, kubalulekile ukuba umhumushi ahlole umsebenzi wakhe ukuze abone ukuthi awunembile yini. Lokhu kusho ukufunda umbhalo izikhathi eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqiniso, izibalo, ngisho nemininingwane emincane idluliselwa kahle. Umhumushi kufanele futhi aqaphele ukungaqondakali nokungalungi okungenzeka emthonjeni, futhi enze noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okudingekayo.

Ukuhumusha ngesislovak kungaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ozuzisayo. Ngolwazi olufanele nobuchwepheshe, umhumushi ofanelekayo anganikeza izinguqulo ezingenaphutha futhi aholele ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamasiko amabili ahlukene.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isislovak?

Ulimi lwesislovak lukhulunywa kakhulu Eslovakia, kodwa lungatholakala nakwamanye amazwe kuhlanganise Ne-Austria, Iczech Republic, Ihungary, Ipoland, Iserbia Ne-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesislovak?

Isislovak siwulimi Lwasentshonalanga Slavic futhi sinemvelaphi yaso Kuproto-Slavic, eyaqala ngekhulu lesi-5 ad. Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi, isislovak saqala ukukhula saba ulimi lwaso oluhlukile futhi sathonywa kakhulu izilimi zesilatini, isiczech nesijalimane. Ngekhulu le-11, Isislavonic Esidala Sesonto sase siphenduke ulimi oluvamile Lwaseslovakia futhi sahlala sinjalo kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19. Maphakathi nawo-1800, kwaqala ukuhlelwa kabusha kweslovak futhi kwasungulwa uhlelo lolimi oluhlanganisiwe nokupela amagama. Ngo-1843, U-Anton bernolák wanyathelisa inguqulo yolimi ehleliwe, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Bernolák Standard. Lolu hlelo lwavuselelwa futhi lwabuyekezwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nekhulu le-19, ekugcineni lwaholela eslovak yanamuhla esetshenziswa namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesislovak?

1. Uludovít Štúr (1815 1856): isazi sezilimi saseslovak, umbhali nosopolitiki owayengumuntu obalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwesizwe Saseslovakia ngekhulu le - 19. Wasungula indinganiso yokuqala yolimi lwesislovak eyaziwa Ngokuthi Ulimi Lukaljudovít Štúr.
2. Upavol dobšinský (1827 1885): imbongi yaseslovak, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomlobi wephrozi omsebenzi wakhe wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwanamuhla lwezincwadi zaseslovak.
3. Ujozef miloslav hurban (18171886): umbhali waseslovak, imbongi nomshicileli owayengumsekeli wokuqala wobunikazi besizwe saseslovak. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuhlanganise nezinkondlo nezinoveli zomlando, yasiza ekwakheni ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwesislovak lwanamuhla.
4. U-Anton bernolák (1762 1813): isazi sezilimi saseslovak nompristi owasungula uhlobo lokuqala oluhlanganisiwe lwesislovak sanamuhla, alubiza Ngokuthi Ulimi Lukabernolák.
5. Umartin hattala (1910 1996): isazi sezilimi saseslovak kanye nesazi sezichazamazwi esabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala saseslovak futhi sabhala kabanzi ngohlelo lolimi lwesislovak nokwakheka kwamagama.

Ulimi lwesislovak lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo sesislovak sisekelwe kakhulu kwezinye izilimi Zesislavic, njengesiczech nesirashiya. Landela i-syntax yesihloko-isenzo-into futhi inohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokwehla kwegama, ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo, nokumaka icala. Luwulimi olushintshashintshayo, olunezimo eziyisikhombisa nobulili obubili. Isislovak sinezici ezihlukahlukene zomlomo, kanye nezikhathi ezimbili (zamanje nezangesikhathi esidlule). Njengakwezinye izilimi zesislavic, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi zamagama zithathwe emsukeni owodwa.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Slovak ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thenga incwadi Slovak course kanye workbook. Lokhu kuyoba umthombo wakho oyinhloko wamagama, uhlelo lolimi, namasiko.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi. I-YouTube inamavidiyo amaningi amahhala afundisa isislovak atholakala mahhala. Kukhona futhi amawebhusayithi amaningi anikeza izivivinyo nezinye izinto zokufunda.
3. Cabanga ngokuthatha amakilasi. Uma ukhuluma iqiniso ngokufunda ulimi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ngempela izisho zendawo iwukuba nokuxhumana njalo nesikhulumi sendawo esingakunikeza impendulo futhi sikuqondise kule nqubo.
4. Prakthiza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungazijwayeza ukukhuluma nokulalela ngokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu noma ukuthola umlingani wokushintshana ngolimi. Sebenzisa amabhayisikobho, IMIBUKISO TV nezingoma in Slovak ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho ukufunda nokulalela.
5. Zicwilise emasikweni. Zama ukufunda ngokuphila kwansuku zonke Slovak, amasiko, amaholide nokuningi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ulimi oluvamile nemishwana yendawo.
6. Ungadikibali. Ukufunda olunye ulimi akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa kungenziwa. Beka imigomo enengqondo futhi unamathele kubo. Uma uzithola ukhungathekile, thatha ikhefu ubuyele kuwo kamuva.