Esperantoname I-lao Guqulela

I-Esperanto lulwimi lwamazwe aphesheya olwakhiwe ngo-1887 Ngugqirha Ll Zamenhof, ugqirha ozelwe epoland kunye nengcali yeelwimi. Yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kwamazwe aphesheya kunye nonxibelelwano lwamanye amazwe, kwaye ibe lulwimi lwesibini olusebenzayo kubantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, I-Esperanto ithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezininzi kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100, kwaye isetyenziswa yimibutho emininzi yezizwe ngezizwe njengolwimi olusebenzayo.

Igrama Yase-Esperanto ithathwa njengento elula kakhulu, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ngakumbi ukuguqulela. Ukongeza, I-Esperanto yamkelwa ngokubanzi kwaye iqondwa, ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zokuguqulela eziya kufuna iilwimi ezininzi.

Inguqulelo ye-Esperanto inendawo ekhethekileyo kwihlabathi lokuguqulela. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinguqulelo, ezidalwe zizithethi zomthonyama zolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto ixhomekeke kwiitoliki ezinolwazi oluhle zombini I-Esperanto kunye nolwimi lomthombo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli akufuneki babe zizithethi zomthonyama zolwimi ukuze baguqulele ngokuchanekileyo.

Xa uguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya Esperanto, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwimi lomthombo lumelwe ngokuchanekileyo kuguqulelo olunesiphumo. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, njengoko ezinye iilwimi ziqulathe amabinzana, amagama, kunye neengcamango ezingaguqulelwanga ngokuthe ngqo Kwi-Esperanto. Uqeqesho olulodwa kunye nobuchule bunokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba le miba yolwimi lwantlandlolo ichazwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinguqulelo Yesi-Esperanto.

Ukongezelela, ekubeni I-Esperanto ayinayo i-concepts okanye amagama athile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-circumcution ukuchaza ezi ngcamango ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo. Le yenye indlela yokuba inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto yahluke kakhulu kwiinguqulelo ezenziwa kwezinye iilwimi, apho ibinzana elifanayo okanye ingqiqo inokuba nokulingana ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto sisixhobo esahlukileyo nesiluncedo ekukhuthazeni ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano lwamanye amazwe. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiitoliki ngokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi lomthombo kunye Ne-Esperanto, iinguqulelo zinokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Okokugqibela, ngokusebenzisa i-circumcution ukuchaza iikhonsepthi ezinzima kunye nezaci, abaguquleli banokuqinisekisa ukuba intsingiselo yolwimi lomthombo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwinguqulelo Ye-Esperanto.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto ayilulo ulwimi oluvunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni kulo naliphi na ilizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu abazizigidi ezi-2 kwihlabathi liphela banokuthetha I-Esperanto, ke kuthethwa kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ithethwa kakhulu kumazwe afana Nejamani, Ijapan, Ipoland, Ibrazil Netshayina.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Yi-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto lulwimi lwamazwe aphesheya olwakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yi-ophthalmologist Yasepoland Ull Zamenhof. Injongo yakhe yayikukuyila ulwimi oluya kuba yibhulorho esetyenziswa ngokubanzi phakathi kweenkcubeko, iilwimi kunye nobuzwe. Wakhetha ulwimi olulula, awayekholelwa ukuba kuya kuba lula ukulufunda kuneelwimi ezikhoyo.
Uzamenhof wapapasha incwadi yokuqala ngolwimi lwakhe, " Unua Libro "("Incwadi Yokuqala"), ngojulayi 26, 1887 phantsi kwegama elingugqirha Esperanto (elithetha "lowo unethemba"). I-Esperanto yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yaba yintshukumo yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi emininzi enzulu nefundileyo yabhalwa ngolwimi. I-International Congress yaqala ngo-1905 Efransi.
Ngomnyaka we-1908, I-Universal Esperanto Association (I-UEA) yasungulwa ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nokuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, Amazwe aliqela amkela Iesperanto njengolwimi lwawo olusemthethweni oluncedisayo yaye kwasekwa imibutho emitsha eliqela ehlabathini lonke.
Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yabangela ubunzima ekuphuhlisweni Kwe-Esperanto, kodwa ayizange ife. Ngo-1954, I-UEA yamkela Isibhengezo Saseboulogne, esabeka imigaqo esisiseko kunye neenjongo Ze-Esperanto. Oku kwalandelwa kukwamkelwa Kwesibhengezo Samalungelo E-Esperanto ngo-1961.
Namhlanje, Iesperanto ithetha ngabantu abangamawaka aliqela ehlabathini lonke, ngokuyintloko njengomdlalo wokuzonwabisa, nangona eminye imibutho isakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengolwimi olusebenzisekayo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwase-Esperanto?

1. Ludoviko Zamenhof-Umdali Wolwimi Lwe-Esperanto.
2. Uwilliam Auld-imbongi yasescotland kunye nombhali owabhala inkondlo yeklasi "Adiaŭ" E-Esperanto, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
3. U-Humphrey Tonkin-unjingalwazi wasemelika kunye nowayesakuba ngumongameli We-Universal Esperanto Association obhale ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezilishumi E-Esperanto.
4. Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lesishiyagalolunye Izwi lesishiyagalolunye Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i Izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili
5. Probal Dasgupta-umbhali Waseindiya, umhleli kunye nomguquleli owabhala incwadi ecacileyo kwigrama Ye-Esperanto, "Igrama Entsha Eyenziwe Lula Ye-Esperanto". Kwakhona unikwe ithuba lokuvuselela ulwimi Lwase-Indiya.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Yi-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto lulwimi olwakhiwe ngabom, oko kuthetha ukuba lwenzelwe ngabom ukuba lube sesikweni, lube sengqiqweni kwaye lube lula ukulufunda. Lulwimi oluguqukayo oluthetha ukuba amagama amatsha ayenziwa ngokudibanisa iingcambu kunye nezihlanganisi, esenza ukuba ulwimi lube lula ngakumbi ukufunda kuneelwimi zendalo. Umyalelo wayo osisiseko ulandela indlela efanayo yeelwimi Ezininzi Zaseyurophu: isihloko-isenzi-into (SVO). Igrama ilula kakhulu njengoko kungekho nqaku eliqinisekileyo okanye elingapheliyo kwaye akukho mahluko wesini kwizibizo. Akukho zitenxo, oko kuthetha ukuba xa ufunda imigaqo, unokuyisebenzisa kulo naliphi na igama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwe-Esperanto ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi Lwase-Esperanto. Funda iziseko zegrama, isigama, kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi izibonelelo zasimahla kwi-intanethi, Ezinje Ngeduolingo, Lernu, Kunye Ne-La Lingvo Internacia.
2. Sebenzisa ulwimi. Thetha Kwi-Esperanto kunye nezithethi zomthonyama okanye kuluntu Lwe-Esperanto ekwi-intanethi. Xa kunokwenzeka, yiya kwimisitho Yase-Esperanto nakwiindibano zocweyo. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ulwimi ngendlela yendalo ngakumbi kwaye ufumane ingxelo kwizithethi ezinamava.
3. Funda iincwadi uze ubukele iifilimu Esperanto. Oku kuya kukunceda uphuhlise ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi kwaye kukunceda wakhe isigama sakho.
4. Fumana iqabane lencoko okanye uthathe ikhosi Ye-Esperanto. Ukuba nomntu onokuziqhelanisa nolwimi rhoqo kuyindlela entle yokufunda.
5. Sebenzisa ulwimi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Eyona ndlela yokufumana ulwimi lwakho kukulusebenzisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nokuba uncokola nabahlobo okanye ubhala ii-imeyile, sebenzisa I-Esperanto kangangoko unako.

I-Lao lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaselaos kwaye luthethwa zizigidi zabantu kumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo okukhulayo ekhaya nakumazwe aphesheya, iinkonzo zokuguqulela I-Lao ezithembekileyo ziya zixhaphaka kwaye zifunwa.

Kumashishini asebenza E-Laos okanye e-Laos, iinguqulelo Ezichanekileyo Ze-Lao zibalulekile kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ukuthengisa, kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kulwimi Lwelao kunokuvula iindlela kwiimarike zalapha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ukunceda ekujoliseni abathengi abatsha, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo namaqabane kunye nabachaphazelekayo. Kwakhona, iinguqulelo zobungcali Ze-Lao zinokunceda imibutho ukuba ithobele imithetho yendawo, imigaqo, kunye nolawulo lweshishini, ukubonelela ngenkonzo ebalulekileyo kwabo benza ishishini E-Laos.

Kwizithethi Zelao ezifuna amaxwebhu aguqulelwe kwisingesi okanye kwezinye iilwimi, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zokuguqulela zobungcali ezikhoyo. Umboneleli olungileyo kufuneka abe nabaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abanamava ekuguquleleni I-Lao kwaye baqhelene nolwimi. Kufuneka bazi malunga nenkcubeko Yaselaos kunye neecolloquialisms ezithile kunye namagama asetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Enoba ufuna umntu ukuguqulela Ukusuka Lao ukuya isingesi okanye Ukusuka isingesi Ukuya Lao, kukho iinketho ezininzi ezikhoyo. Iiarhente ezithembekileyo zihlala zibonelela ngamaxabiso okhuphiswano kunye namaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenkxaso yabathengi esemgangathweni kunye nokuqinisekiswa ukuba zonke iiprojekthi ziphathwa ngononophelo kunye nobungcali.

Ngokufutshane, i-Lao translation services iya isiba ibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini asebenza Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia nangaphaya. Ngeengcali ezifanelekileyo, imibutho inokuqiniseka ukuba iinguqulelo zayo ziya kubonisa izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nobutyebi Belao, ngelixa zihlala zichanekile kwaye zithembekile.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwelao?

Ulwimi Lwelao luthethwa Ikakhulu Elaos nakwimimandla Yasethailand, Ekhambodiya, Eburma, Evietnam Nasechina.

Lithini igama Lolwimi Lwelao?

Ulwimi Lwaselaou lulwimi lwentsapho Yolwimi Lwesitai-Kadai, oluthethwa ikakhulu Elaos nakwezinye iindawo zasethailand. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezinye iilwimi Zesitai-Kadai, kubandakanya Isithai Kunye Nesishan.
Imvelaphi yolwimi Lwelao ifihlakele, kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuba yayilulwimi lobukumkani Bokuqala Belan Xang (ngamanye amaxesha lubhalwa Njenge-Lan Chang) eyasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-14 Yi-Fa Ngum. Emva Kokuba Ulan Xang ewa ngekhulu le-18, Ilao yamkelwa njengolwimi lukarhulumente kunye nezorhwebo, kwaye yaqala ukubonakala njengolwimi olwahlukileyo.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amafrentshi ayesenza i-Indochina eninzi, kuquka Ilaos. Ngeli xesha, Ulao wayephenjelelwa kakhulu lulwimi lwesifrentshi, kwaye amabinzana amaninzi amatsha kunye namabinzana abolekwe kwisifrentshi. Le mpembelelo inokubonwa Kwi-Lao yanamhlanje.
Namhlanje, Ilao lulwimi oluphambili lwabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-17, ikakhulu Elaos nakumantla mpuma Ethailand. Ikwamkelwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union, kwaye isetyenziswa kumaziko emfundo kunye neendawo zosasazo Ethailand Naselaos.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwelao?

1. Lāvāvīrabā - Lao imbongi, ingcali yeelwimi kunye nombhali, owayebalulekile ekumgangatho we-Lao ebhaliweyo.
2. U-Ahan Souvanna Phouma-Undunankulu Waselaos ukususela ngo-1951-1975, owayenegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi Lwaselao.
3. Khambule - 20th century Lao isichazi-magama kunye nomhleli wesichazi-magama sokuqala Solwimi Lwelao.
4. Ujames M. Harris-ingcali Yeelwimi Yasemelika kunye nonjingalwazi Ecornell, ophuhlise incwadi yokuqala yolwimi Lwelao.
5. Noi Khetkham-Lao imbongi, umphengululi nombhali wesichazi-magama, owapapasha iincwadi ezininzi ngolwimi Lwelao noncwadi.

Ulwakhiwo njani Ulwimi Lwelao?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwaselao sifana nezinye iilwimi Zasetai-Kadai, njengoko lulwimi olugugileyo kunye nomyalelo wegama lesihloko-isenzi-into. Inenkqubo yesandi elula kakhulu equlathe amagama e-monosyllabic, kwaye i-orthography yayo isekwe kwiskripthi Se-Pali. I-Lao inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuhlela kunye nokulinganisa amagama, asetyenziselwa ukuhlela izibizo, izenzi, kunye nezichazi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwelao ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iskripthi. I-Lao ibhalwe kwi-alfabhethi ebizwa Ngokuba Yi-Lao esekelwe Kwi-Khmer alfabhethi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise neeleta kunye nezandi zesi skripthi.
2. Mamela kwaye uthathe amagama. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi Lwelao kwaye uqale ukumamela ulwimi oluthethwa ngokuvakalayo. Mamela ngononophelo izandi kwaye uzame ukukhetha amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
3. Thetha nezithethi Zomthonyama Zelao. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuthetha. Fumana abahlobo abazizithethi zelao zemveli, okanye ujoyine inkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngolwimi apho unokuziqhelanisa nabanye.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo zolwimi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps ezinikezelwe ukukunceda ufunde I-Lao. Khangela iikhosi kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukufundisa I-Lao.
5. Yenza I-Lao ibe yinxalenye yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ungenza ukufunda ulwimi lube mnandi ngokulufaka kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Zama ukubukela ama-movie, ukuphulaphula umculo, nokufunda iincwadi Kwilao ukuze uziqhelanise.