Esperantoname Haitian Guqulela

I-Esperanto lulwimi lwamazwe aphesheya olwakhiwe ngo-1887 Ngugqirha Ll Zamenhof, ugqirha ozelwe epoland kunye nengcali yeelwimi. Yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kwamazwe aphesheya kunye nonxibelelwano lwamanye amazwe, kwaye ibe lulwimi lwesibini olusebenzayo kubantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, I-Esperanto ithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezininzi kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100, kwaye isetyenziswa yimibutho emininzi yezizwe ngezizwe njengolwimi olusebenzayo.

Igrama Yase-Esperanto ithathwa njengento elula kakhulu, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ngakumbi ukuguqulela. Ukongeza, I-Esperanto yamkelwa ngokubanzi kwaye iqondwa, ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zokuguqulela eziya kufuna iilwimi ezininzi.

Inguqulelo ye-Esperanto inendawo ekhethekileyo kwihlabathi lokuguqulela. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinguqulelo, ezidalwe zizithethi zomthonyama zolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto ixhomekeke kwiitoliki ezinolwazi oluhle zombini I-Esperanto kunye nolwimi lomthombo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli akufuneki babe zizithethi zomthonyama zolwimi ukuze baguqulele ngokuchanekileyo.

Xa uguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya Esperanto, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwimi lomthombo lumelwe ngokuchanekileyo kuguqulelo olunesiphumo. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, njengoko ezinye iilwimi ziqulathe amabinzana, amagama, kunye neengcamango ezingaguqulelwanga ngokuthe ngqo Kwi-Esperanto. Uqeqesho olulodwa kunye nobuchule bunokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba le miba yolwimi lwantlandlolo ichazwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinguqulelo Yesi-Esperanto.

Ukongezelela, ekubeni I-Esperanto ayinayo i-concepts okanye amagama athile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-circumcution ukuchaza ezi ngcamango ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo. Le yenye indlela yokuba inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto yahluke kakhulu kwiinguqulelo ezenziwa kwezinye iilwimi, apho ibinzana elifanayo okanye ingqiqo inokuba nokulingana ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Esperanto sisixhobo esahlukileyo nesiluncedo ekukhuthazeni ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano lwamanye amazwe. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiitoliki ngokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi lomthombo kunye Ne-Esperanto, iinguqulelo zinokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Okokugqibela, ngokusebenzisa i-circumcution ukuchaza iikhonsepthi ezinzima kunye nezaci, abaguquleli banokuqinisekisa ukuba intsingiselo yolwimi lomthombo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwinguqulelo Ye-Esperanto.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto ayilulo ulwimi oluvunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni kulo naliphi na ilizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu abazizigidi ezi-2 kwihlabathi liphela banokuthetha I-Esperanto, ke kuthethwa kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ithethwa kakhulu kumazwe afana Nejamani, Ijapan, Ipoland, Ibrazil Netshayina.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Yi-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto lulwimi lwamazwe aphesheya olwakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yi-ophthalmologist Yasepoland Ull Zamenhof. Injongo yakhe yayikukuyila ulwimi oluya kuba yibhulorho esetyenziswa ngokubanzi phakathi kweenkcubeko, iilwimi kunye nobuzwe. Wakhetha ulwimi olulula, awayekholelwa ukuba kuya kuba lula ukulufunda kuneelwimi ezikhoyo.
Uzamenhof wapapasha incwadi yokuqala ngolwimi lwakhe, " Unua Libro "("Incwadi Yokuqala"), ngojulayi 26, 1887 phantsi kwegama elingugqirha Esperanto (elithetha "lowo unethemba"). I-Esperanto yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yaba yintshukumo yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi emininzi enzulu nefundileyo yabhalwa ngolwimi. I-International Congress yaqala ngo-1905 Efransi.
Ngomnyaka we-1908, I-Universal Esperanto Association (I-UEA) yasungulwa ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nokuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, Amazwe aliqela amkela Iesperanto njengolwimi lwawo olusemthethweni oluncedisayo yaye kwasekwa imibutho emitsha eliqela ehlabathini lonke.
Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yabangela ubunzima ekuphuhlisweni Kwe-Esperanto, kodwa ayizange ife. Ngo-1954, I-UEA yamkela Isibhengezo Saseboulogne, esabeka imigaqo esisiseko kunye neenjongo Ze-Esperanto. Oku kwalandelwa kukwamkelwa Kwesibhengezo Samalungelo E-Esperanto ngo-1961.
Namhlanje, Iesperanto ithetha ngabantu abangamawaka aliqela ehlabathini lonke, ngokuyintloko njengomdlalo wokuzonwabisa, nangona eminye imibutho isakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengolwimi olusebenzisekayo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwase-Esperanto?

1. Ludoviko Zamenhof-Umdali Wolwimi Lwe-Esperanto.
2. Uwilliam Auld-imbongi yasescotland kunye nombhali owabhala inkondlo yeklasi "Adiaŭ" E-Esperanto, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
3. U-Humphrey Tonkin-unjingalwazi wasemelika kunye nowayesakuba ngumongameli We-Universal Esperanto Association obhale ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezilishumi E-Esperanto.
4. Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lesishiyagalolunye Izwi lesishiyagalolunye Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i Izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili izwi lesishiyagalombili
5. Probal Dasgupta-umbhali Waseindiya, umhleli kunye nomguquleli owabhala incwadi ecacileyo kwigrama Ye-Esperanto, "Igrama Entsha Eyenziwe Lula Ye-Esperanto". Kwakhona unikwe ithuba lokuvuselela ulwimi Lwase-Indiya.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Yi-Esperanto?

I-Esperanto lulwimi olwakhiwe ngabom, oko kuthetha ukuba lwenzelwe ngabom ukuba lube sesikweni, lube sengqiqweni kwaye lube lula ukulufunda. Lulwimi oluguqukayo oluthetha ukuba amagama amatsha ayenziwa ngokudibanisa iingcambu kunye nezihlanganisi, esenza ukuba ulwimi lube lula ngakumbi ukufunda kuneelwimi zendalo. Umyalelo wayo osisiseko ulandela indlela efanayo yeelwimi Ezininzi Zaseyurophu: isihloko-isenzi-into (SVO). Igrama ilula kakhulu njengoko kungekho nqaku eliqinisekileyo okanye elingapheliyo kwaye akukho mahluko wesini kwizibizo. Akukho zitenxo, oko kuthetha ukuba xa ufunda imigaqo, unokuyisebenzisa kulo naliphi na igama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwe-Esperanto ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi Lwase-Esperanto. Funda iziseko zegrama, isigama, kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi izibonelelo zasimahla kwi-intanethi, Ezinje Ngeduolingo, Lernu, Kunye Ne-La Lingvo Internacia.
2. Sebenzisa ulwimi. Thetha Kwi-Esperanto kunye nezithethi zomthonyama okanye kuluntu Lwe-Esperanto ekwi-intanethi. Xa kunokwenzeka, yiya kwimisitho Yase-Esperanto nakwiindibano zocweyo. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ulwimi ngendlela yendalo ngakumbi kwaye ufumane ingxelo kwizithethi ezinamava.
3. Funda iincwadi uze ubukele iifilimu Esperanto. Oku kuya kukunceda uphuhlise ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi kwaye kukunceda wakhe isigama sakho.
4. Fumana iqabane lencoko okanye uthathe ikhosi Ye-Esperanto. Ukuba nomntu onokuziqhelanisa nolwimi rhoqo kuyindlela entle yokufunda.
5. Sebenzisa ulwimi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Eyona ndlela yokufumana ulwimi lwakho kukulusebenzisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nokuba uncokola nabahlobo okanye ubhala ii-imeyile, sebenzisa I-Esperanto kangangoko unako.

Iinguqulelo Zesihaiti: Ukuqonda Ulwimi Lwecaribbean

Ulwimi Lwesicreole sasehaiti lulwimi lwesiqithi Secaribbean Sasehaiti, ulwimi lwesicreole olusekelwe kwisifrentshi olunempembelelo evela kwispanish, iilwimi Zaseafrika kunye nesingesi. Ulwimi lwahlukile ngokumangalisayo kwaye lusetyenziswa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yokufikelela okukhulu ngolo hlobo, kukho imfuneko eyandayo yeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zasehaiti ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwabantu abathetha Isicreole Sasehaiti nabo bangasisebenzisi.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda imvelaphi Yesicreole Sasehaiti. Olu lwimi lusuka kwiilwimi zesifrentshi nezesiafrika zenkulungwane ye-18 ezazithethwa ngamakhoboka kulo mmandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ulwimi lwavela njengoko isifrentshi saqala ukuphembelela ulwimi. Le ndibaniselwano yeelwimi zasefransi Nezaseafrika yadala ulwimi oluthile Lwesicreole Sasehaiti olwaziwa saza sathethwa namhlanje.

Xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni Ngesicreole Sasehaiti, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zasekuhlaleni kunokuba yimfuneko. Isicreole sasehaiti sithethwa ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kulo lonke elo lizwe, yaye kukho umahluko omkhulu okhoyo kumda Wasehaiti Nasedominican Republic. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba nomguquleli oqhelene nolwimi lwasekhaya kwaye aqiniseke ukuba uguqulelo lubonisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka, umguquleli onobuchule wasehaiti kufuneka aqonde imeko yenkcubeko ejikeleze ulwimi. Kunye namagama awo awodwa, Isicreole Sasehaiti sinxulunyaniswa namabinzana athile namabinzana akhethekileyo kwinkcubeko yesi siqithi. Ngokuqonda le miba yenkcubeko, umguquleli unokubonelela ngenguqulelo echanekileyo kunye nenkcubeko.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, kubalulekile ukufumana umguquleli okanye inkonzo yokuguqulela ngamava ebonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zasehaiti. Abaguquleli abaluqondayo ulwimi, iziyelelane nenkcubeko baya kuba nakho ukubonelela ngeyona nguqulelo ibalaseleyo. Ngoncedo lwabo, umntu unokuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umyalezo, uxwebhu, okanye umbandela uguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasehaiti?

Ulwimi Lwesihaiti luthethwa kakhulu Ehaiti. Kukwakho nabemi abancinci bezithethi Ebahamas, Ecuba, Edominican Republic, nakwamanye amazwe anendawo enkulu Yasehaiti.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa Yihaiti?

Ulwimi Lwasehaiti lulwimi Lwesicreole oluvela kwisifrentshi Nasentshona Afrika, Njengesifon, Iewe Kunye Nesiyoruba. Yaqala ukuthatha ifom yayo yanamhlanje kwi-1700s, xa Ama-Afrika angamakhoboka aziswa Esaint-Domingue (ngoku Eyihaiti) ngamakoloni asefransi. Ekuphenduleni imeko-bume yabo entsha, Aba Bantu Baseafrika bangamakhoboka basebenzisa isifrentshi ababechanabeke kuso, bedibene neelwimi ababezithetha Eafrika, ukudala ulwimi olutsha lwesicreole. Olu lwimi lwalusetyenziswa phakathi kwamakhoboka, kwakunye nabathinjwa basekhaya, nto leyo eyayibizwa ngokuba Sisicreole Sasehaiti. Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1700, Isicreole Sasehaiti siye sasetyenziswa kwesi siqithi saza saba lolona lwimi luthethwayo kweli lizwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu Kulwimi Lwasehaiti?

1. Uanténor Firmin-Umphengululi Onguvulindlela Kunye Netshantliziyo Kwezentlalo Ngenkulungwane ye-19 2. Jean Price-Mars-Ukukhokela Kwengqondo Kunye Nozakuzo Ekuqaleni Kwenkulungwane yama-20 3. Ulouis-Joseph Janvier-Ingcali Yeelwimi Kunye Ne-Anthropologist Ekuqaleni Kwekhulu lama-20 4. U-Antoine Dupuch - Umshicileli Kunye Nomhleli Wephephandaba Leveki I-La Phalange kuma-1930 5. Umarie Vieux-Chauvet-Umbhali Weenoveli kunye Nezincoko Malunga Nesazisi Sasehaiti kwii-1960s

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Yihaiti?

Ulwimi lwesicreole olusekelwe kwisifrentshi kwaye luthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ze-8 Ehaiti, kwamanye amazwe Asecaribbean Nasehaiti. Isakhiwo sayo sisekwe kwindibaniselwano yeepateni zegrama kunye nesigama esivela kwiilwimi Ezahlukeneyo Zaseafrika Naseyurophu, kunye neelwimi zomthonyama Zasearawak. Ulwimi luthethwa ngesilabhasi kwaye lune-SOV (Umxholo-Isenzi-Isenzi) umyalelo wegama. I-syntax yayo kunye ne-morphology ilula, kunye namaxesha amabini kuphela (adlulileyo kunye namanje).

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasehaiti ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngenkqubo yokufunda ulwimi esisiseko, Njengerosetta Stone okanye Iduolingo. Oku kuya kukunika isiseko esihle kwiziseko zolwimi.
2. Fumana Ikhosi Yesicreole sasehaiti ekwi-intanethi, apho unokufunda khona ulwimi olunzulu, kubandakanya igrama, ukubizwa kwamagama, kunye nesigama.
3. Sebenzisa iividiyo zeyoutube kunye namajelo ukumamela izithethi zesicreole sasehaiti, kwaye ubukele iividiyo kwinkcubeko nakwiziyelelane Zasehaiti.
4. Funda iincwadi namanqaku abhalwe ngolwimi ukuze uziqhelanise nezakhono zakho zokufunda.
5. Mamela umculo wasehaiti kwaye uzame ukukhetha amagama ngamnye.
6. Joyina iforum ekwi-intanethi, okanye ufumane uluntu lwasekhaya lwabathethi Basehaiti ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama.
7. Thatha iklasi eyunivesithi okanye kwisikolo solwimi ukuba kunokwenzeka.