I-malayalam Welsh Guqulela

Imalayalam lulwimi oluthethwa Eindiya olunelifa elityebileyo lenkcubeko. Olu lwimi luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35, Eindiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ukubaluleka kweenkonzo zokuguqulela Emalayalam akunakubaxwa. Njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano lweelwimi ezininzi sisanda, imibutho ikhangela abantu abafanelekileyo ukuba banike iinguqulelo Zesimalayalam ezinokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo.

Imalayalam lulwimi Lwe-Dravidian, oluneskripthi sayo. Lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya Ikerala, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 ezaziwa Njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwaseindiya. Njengezinye iilwimi, Imalayalam ikwanazo neenguqulelo ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi ethethwa kuyo. Ke ngoko, abo banqwenela ukungena kwicandelo lokuguqulela Lasemalayalam kufuneka, ke, babe nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwezi nguqulelo zommandla.

Imfuno eyandayo yeenguqulelo Zemalayalam iqhutywa ngamashishini, imibutho yehlabathi, kunye neearhente zikarhulumente zonke ezifuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abakwimimandla ethetha Imalayalam. Oku kunokubandakanya nantoni na ukusuka ekudaleni izinto zokuthengisa Emalta, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nomxholo wewebhusayithi. Abaguquleli abafanelekayo Basemalayalam nabo banenzuzo eyongeziweyo ukuba baqonda izinto zenkcubeko ezinxulumene nolwimi, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwishishini kunye nokuthengisa.

Ukuze ube ngumguquleli ofanelekileyo Wesimalayalam, umntu kufuneka abe nomyalelo ogqwesileyo kubo Bobabini Isimalayalam (kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo) kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Ngaphezu koko, izakhono zonxibelelwano ezinamandla, ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kunye nexesha elibekiweyo ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba awunayo i-fluency yomthonyama kuzo zombini iilwimi, iqondo lokuguqulela okanye iilwimi lingaba luncedo, nangona oku akusoloko kuyimfuneko.

Njengoko imibutho ijolise ekuboneleleni ngeelwimi ezininzi, imfuno yabaguquleli Besimalayalam iya kuqhubeka inyuka. Ngezi ziqinisekiso zilungileyo, nabani na unokuba yinxalenye yeli shishini lidlamkileyo kwaye abe negalelo ekwenzeni ihlabathi liqhagamshelane ngakumbi.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Imalayalam ithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, kwilizwe Lasekerala, nakwimimandla engabamelwane Basekarnataka Nasetamil Nadu. Ikwathethwa yi-diaspora encinci Ebahrain, Efiji, Kwasirayeli, Emalaysia, Eqatar, Esingapore, E-United Arab Emirates Nase-United Kingdom.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ubungqina bokuqala oburekhodiweyo bolwimi Lwesimalayalam bufumaneka kwimisebenzi yabaphengululi benkulungwane ye-9 abanjengo-Irayanman Thampi, owabhala Iramacharitam. Ngenkulungwane ye-12, oku kwaguqukela ekubeni lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kuncwadi olusekelwe Kwisisanskrit noluxhaphakileyo kwimimandla esemazantsi Ekerala yanamhlanje.
Ukuqala malunga nekhulu le-14 iimbongi ezifana Namamalwar Kunye Nekulashekhara Alvar basebenzisa Imalayalam kwiingoma zabo zokuzinikela. Olu lwimi lwakuqala lwahlukile Kwisisanskrit Nesitamil. Iquka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi kuquka Isizulu Nesikannada.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, inguqulelo Kathunchaththu Ezhuthachan Yeramayana Nemahabharata isuka Kwisisanskrit isiya Emalayalam yalukhulisa ngakumbi olu lwimi. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, ababhali babhala iincwadi ngeelwimi Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zasemalayalam. Oku kwakhokelela ekuveleni Kwemalayalam yanamhlanje eyathatha amagama avela kwisiphuthukezi, isingesi, isifrentshi kunye nesidatshi.
Ukususela ngoko, Imalayalam ibe lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekerala kwaye isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kubandakanya imfundo, urhulumente, amajelo eendaba kunye nenkolo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha zoncwadi, ezinje ngemibongo, imidlalo, kunye namabali amafutshane, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuvela kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalayalam?

1. U-Ezhuthachan (owaziwa Nangokuthi Uthunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan) – Imbongi Yokuqala enkulu yolimi Lwasemalayalam futhi yatholakala ngokudala isisekelo sencwadi Yesimanje Yasemalayalam.
2. I-Kumaran Asan - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Uyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe enjenge - 'Veena Poova', 'Nalini' kanye no - 'Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala'.
3. I-Parameswar Iyer-imbongi eyaziwayo Yasemalayalam eyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala opapashwe 'Kavyaanushasanam'. Ukwathe unikwe ithuba lokufaka amagowuli emdlalweni wanamhlanje.
4. I-Vallathol Narayana Menon - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi enje ngo 'Khanda Kavyas' kunye 'Noduravastha'.
5. G Sankara Kurup-Eyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe efana ne - 'Oru Judha Malayalam' kunye ne 'Viswadarsanam', wayengumdlali wokuqala We-Jnanpith Award for Malayalam literature.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lunenqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kunye notyekelo lokudibanisa amagama okanye amabinzana ukwenza amagama amatsha. Olu phawu lwenza ulwimi oluvakalayo, oluvumela isithethi ukuba sinxibelelane neengcamango ezinzima ngamagama ambalwa kunokuba kufuneka ngesingesi. I-Malayalam inomyalelo we-V2 wegama, oko kuthetha ukuba isenzi sibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwisivakalisi, kodwa oku akunyanzelekanga ngokungqongqo. Kukho nezinye izakhiwo zegrama, ezifana ne-participles kunye ne-gerunds, ezifumaneka kulwimi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokukhuphela iincwadi kunye nezinto ezibhalwe Emalayalam. Kulula ukufumana iipdf zasimahla, iincwadi kunye neefayile zomsindo kwi-intanethi.
2. Hlola ezinye Iindawo onokukhetha kuzo E-Malayalam speakers Ukumamela indlela izithethi zomthonyama ezibiza ngayo ulwimi yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufumana ngokutyibilikayo.
3. Sebenzisa iiwebhusayithi zokutshintshiselana ngolwimi olufana Nolwimi Lwam Ukutshintshiselana Okanye Incoko ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha nesithethi somthonyama.
4. Sebenzisa iikhosi zasimahla ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelelwa ziiyunivesithi ezinjengeyunivesithi Yasemadras okanye Ikairali Malayalam.
5. Cinga ngokubhalisa kwiklasi kwisikolo solwimi lwasekuhlaleni okanye kwiziko lokufunda.
6. Bukela Imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yasemalayalam kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude ukuze ubonakale ngakumbi kulwimi.
7. Sebenzisa iiflashcards ukunceda ukukhumbula amagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
8. Gcina incwadana yamagama amatsha kunye nezivakalisi ozifundayo kwaye uzihlolisise rhoqo.
9. Thetha Emalayalam kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
10. Ekugqibeleni, fumana iindlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwincoko yakho yemihla ngemihla nabahlobo kunye nosapho.

Inguqulelo yesiwelsh yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kubemi Basewelsh, enika unxibelelwano ngaphakathi nangaphandle kolwimi Lwesiwelsh. Le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomphakathi wolwimi Lwesixhosa, Kunye Newales xa zizonke.

Njengenye yeelwimi ezindala eziphilayo Eyurophu, Iwelsh inelifa elityebileyo ekufuneka ligcinwe kwaye lihlonitshwe. Ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Kweelwimi, izithethi zomthonyama Zasewelsh zinokuhlala ziyinxalenye yabantu behlabathi, ngelixa zifumana ukufikelela kulwazi kunye nezixhobo ezingafumanekiyo ngolwimi lwazo lweenkobe.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela Yasewales, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba inkampani oyikhethayo inamava kwiinguqulelo Zesiwelsh. Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umguquleli ubhalisiwe nequmrhu elilawulayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokuguqulela uphezulu.

Ngokuchaneka, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba umguquleli Wasewelsh uneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kunye namava ekuguquleleni ukusuka Kwisingesi ukuya kolunye ulwimi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba nakuphi na ukungangqinelani okanye iimpazamo kuyathintelwa, ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inkonzo yokuguqulela ichanekile kwaye ihlaziyiwe ngesigama samva Nje Sasewelsh.

Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni umguquleli Wasewales, zininzi iinkampani kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthenge ngeenxa zonke kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali, kunye nokujonga iziqinisekiso kunye nodumo lwawo nawuphi na umguquleli.

Ukongeza kwiinguqulelo, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela naziphi na iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezinokubonelelwa yinkampani yokuguqulela Yasewales. Umzekelo, iinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngokufunda, ukuhlela kunye nokufomatha iinkonzo, ezinokuthi zibonakalise ukuba zixabisekile ukuba ungenisa amaxwebhu kudliwanondlebe lomsebenzi obalulekileyo okanye imbalelwano yeshishini.

Ekugqibeleni, i-Welsh translation yinkonzo exabisekileyo evumela izithethi zase-Welsh ukuba zibandakanyeke ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi elibanzi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wolwimi lwazo. Umguquleli othembekileyo nonamava uya kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu Asewelsh anikwa intlonipho ayifaneleyo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isijamani?

Ulwimi Lwesiwelsh luthethwa ikakhulu Ewales, nangona kukho ezinye izithethi Zesiwelsh Engilani, Escotland, Eireland nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni Imbali Yesingesi?

Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi Lwase-Welsh luye lwavela Kwi-Brythonic, ulwimi oluthethwa Ebrithani Ngaphambi Kokuhlasela Kwamaroma ngo-ad 43. Ngenkulungwane ye-6, yayisele ikhule Yaba Yi-Old Welsh, eyayisetyenziswa kwimibongo kunye noncwadi kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-11. I-Middle Welsh yavela kwinkulungwane ye-12th, ilandelwa Yi-Modern Welsh ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16th. Umthetho wolwimi Lwesiwelsh 1993 wanika iwelsh language status Ewales kwaye namhlanje ngaphezu kwe-20% yezithethi Zesiwelsh zisebenzisa ekhaya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesixhosa?

1. Usanta David (malunga no-500 AD): umxhasi ongcwele Wasewales kunye nomsunguli wee-monasteries ezininzi, ubizwa ngokuba unceda ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiwelsh kunye noncwadi lwayo.
2. Uwilliam Salesbury (1520– 1584): wapapasha esinye sezichazi-magama zokuqala Zesiwelsh, Isichazi-Magama Ngesingesi Nesiwelshe (1547), kwaye sasingumntu onegalelo ekudaleni nasekukhuthazeni uhlobo oluqhelekileyo Lwesiwelsh.
3. Udafydd Nanmor (1700-1766): imbongi enempembelelo, wancedisa ekusekeni uncwadi Lwasewales ngokuguqulela imisebenzi yababhali abadumileyo besingesi Kwisiles.
4. I-Lady Charlotte Guest (1812– 1895): uyaziwa kakhulu ngeenguqulelo zakhe zokuqokelelwa kwamabali Asewelsh aziwa ngokuba Yi-Mabinogion.
5. Usaunders Lewis (1893– 1985): imbongi edumileyo yolwimi Lwasewelsh, umbhali wemidlalo, kunye netshantliziyo lezopolitiko, wayengumxhasi ophambili wokwandisa ubume bolwimi Lwasewelsh kunye nenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu Basewelsh.

Ulwakhiwo Njani ulwimi Welsh?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni luvela kwisebe Le-Brythonic leelwimi Zesiceltic. Lulwimi oluchaphazeleke kakhulu, ikakhulu luneendlela ezimbini zokudibanisa isenzi kunye nesibizo. Izibizo ze-Welsh ziphawulwe ngesini (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter) kunye nenani (isinye kunye nesininzi). Izenzi E-Welsh zinamaxesha asibhozo kunye nemiba emine, kwaye zineefom zangaphambili nangaphambili.

Indlela yokufunda Isingesi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi yolwimi-Nokuba yikhosi ekwi-intanethi, incwadi okanye iklasi kwikholeji yasekuhlaleni okanye iqela loluntu, ukuthatha ikhosi kunokuba yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda I-Welsh ngendlela eyakhiweyo nechanekileyo.
2. Fumana abahlobo abathetha imveli-Ukuba nezithethi zomthonyama Zasewales onokuziqhelanisa nazo kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Mamela umculo Wasewales kwaye ubukele I-Tv Yasewales-Ukumamela kunye nokubukela izithethi zomthonyama Zasewales ziya kukunceda uthathe ubizo oluchanekileyo kunye namagama amatsha!
4. Ukufunda iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba Kwi-Welsh-Ukufunda kuyindlela enhle yokwakha isigama kunye nokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwendlela I-Welsh isebenza ngayo.
5. Ntywiliselwa kwinkcubeko-ulwimi Lwasewelsh lufakwe ngokuqinileyo kwinkcubeko, ke qiniseka ukuba undwendwela Iwales kwaye wonwabele umculo wayo owodwa, iminyhadala, ukutya kunye nemisebenzi.