Isislovenia Chuvashname Guqulela

Isislovenia lulwimi Lwaseslavic oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2 Eyurophu. Njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseslovenia, lulwimi olubalulekileyo kulo mmandla. Kulabo bafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abathetha Islovenia, ukufumana iinguqulelo zobungcali kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo kunye namaxwebhu achanekile kwaye ayasebenza.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezifana nemvelaphi yomguquleli, amava kunye neziqinisekiso. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisislovenia ukuya Kwisislovenia njengoko kukho iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo olwimi. Ukongeza, naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko iimpazamo okanye ukungaqondani kunokukhokelela kunxibelelwano olungalunganga.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinika uluhlu lweenkonzo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, incwadi, okanye imigca embalwa yokubhaliweyo, uya kufumana inkonzo efanelekileyo kuwe. Iinkonzo zinokubandakanya ukuguqulela, ukuhlela, ukuvavanya, kunye nokufomatha, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabathengi.

Kwiinkampani, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zeslovenia zinokuba luncedo njengoko zibanceda banxibelelane ngokuchanekileyo nomyalezo wabo kubathengi abanokubakho. Ukongeza, banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zeshishini, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto eziqulathe iinguqulelo Zeslovenia azinazimpazamo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba iinkampani zingabiza ixesha kunye nemali.

Kwangelo xesha, abantu abafuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu obuqu ,atesezatifikethi zomtshato, zokuzalwa, okanye zokufa, banokuxhamla kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze amkelwe Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech nakwamanye amazwe afuna uguqulelo oluqinisekisiweyo.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinokunceda ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano kuzo zombini iinjongo zeshishini kunye nezobuqu. Ngenkonzo elungileyo, abathengi banokuqiniseka ukuba amaxwebhu abo aya kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Islovenia?

Isislovenia lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Eslovenia kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 zaseburhulumenteni Ze-European Union. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zaseostriya, Eitali, Ehungary Nasecroatia.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zesislovenia?

Ulwimi Lweslovenia, inxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic, luneengcambu kwiproto-Slavic ulwimi olubuyela kwi-6 leminyaka. Ulwimi lokuqala Lweslovenia lwaluhlobene Ngokusondeleyo Necawa Endala Islavonic kwaye lwaluphenjelelwa kakhulu ziziyelelane zasejamani ngenxa yeenkulungwane zolawulo Lwasejamani phezu kweenxalenye zento ngoku eyislovenia. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, izithethi Zaseslovenia zaziphuhlise Islovenia yoncwadi zaza zaqalisa ukuyibona yahlukile kwezinye iilwimi zaseslavic. Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, olu lwimi lwaluphantsi kweenkqubo ezisemgangathweni, ngokusemthethweni lwaziwa njengeslovenia. Emva kwenkululeko yaseslovenia eyugoslavia ngo-1991, Islovenia yabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe. Namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2,5 bathetha Isislovenia njengolwimi lokuqala.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseslovenia?

1. Ujurij Dalmatin (1547-1589): Ujurij Dalmatin wayengumfundi wezakwalizwi wamaprotestanti, umguquleli Webhayibhile, kunye nompapashi wenguqulelo epheleleyo yokuqala yebhayibhile ngeslovene.
2. I-France Prešeren (1800-1849): I-France Prešeren yayiyimbongi Yaseslovenia ethathwa njengeyona mbongi inkulu yaseslovenia ngalo lonke ixesha. Waqulunqa waza wabeka umgangatho wolwimi Lwesislovenia kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa iindlela zanamhlanje kwiincwadi Zesislovenia.
3. Ufran Levstik (1831-1887): Ufran Levstik wayengumlobi waseslovenia kunye notitshala owabhala imisebenzi emibini ebaluleke kuncwadi Lweslovenia: Umartin Kačur Kunye Namabali akhe Avela Kwingingqi Yasecarniola. Le misebenzi yanceda ekumiseleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi Lweslovenia.
4. Ujosip Jurčič (1844-1914): Ujosip Jurčič wayengumdlali weqonga waseslovenia, igqwetha, kunye nezopolitiko ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi Lwaseslovenia. Wabhala eminye yemidlalo yokuqala kwi-standard Slovenian kwaye waqulunqa amagama amaninzi amatsha asasetyenziswa namhlanje.
5. U-Ivan Cankar (1876-1918): U-Ivan Cankar wayengumlobi wesimanje Waseslovenia, umculi kunye nembongi. Waqulunqa ulwimi Lweslovenia ngokwazisa amagama amatsha kunye nokubhala ngesitayela esasifikeleleka kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Njani Ulwimi Slovenian?

Islovenia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye ilandela iimpawu zolwakhiwo jikelele lwezinye iilwimi Zeslavic. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela asetyenziswa ngayo kwisivakalisi, kwaye inamadoda amabini egrama (ubudoda, ubufazi). Amagama akhiwa ngokudibanisa iziphelo kunye nezimaphambili, ngoko ke ingcambu efanayo ingasetyenziselwa ukudala amagama amaninzi. Islovenian nayo inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokudibanisa isenzi kwaye iphuphuma ngokunciphisa kunye nokwandiswa, okwenza ukuba ibe lulwimi olutyebileyo nolunesandi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lweslovenia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye uthathe iiklasi: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuthatha iiklasi okanye ukuqesha umhlohli. Ukuthatha iiklasi kunokukunceda ngegrama kunye nokubiza, ngelixa umfundisi uya kuba nakho ukwenza indlela eyenzelwe wena kwinkqubo yakho yokufunda.
2. Bukela Iifilimu ZASESLOVENIA KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv ngeslovenia kunokukunceda uqonde ulwimi ngcono. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana imiboniso ejolise kubafundi, ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi.
3. Mamela Umculo Waseslovenia: Ukumamela umculo Waseslovenia kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amanye amagama asetyenziswa kwincoko yemihla ngemihla. Ukuphulaphula iingoma ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukunceda uqonde ngokwenene oko kuthethwayo kunye nendlela echazwa ngayo.
4. Thetha nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba kukho izithethi zomthonyama Zeslovenia ezikungqongileyo, ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo. Abanako kuphela ukubonelela ngoncedo lokubiza kunye nesigama, kodwa kunye ne-pepper iincoko zakho ngesilwimi kunye namabinzana angaqhelekanga.
5. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: kukho iitoni zezinto ezikwi-intanethi, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, usetyenziso, iividiyo, kunye neeforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye neebhlog, ezinokukunceda unyuse Islovenia yakho. Ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-intanethi njengomthombo ongapheliyo wolwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.

Inguqulelo yesichuvash, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinguqulelo Yesichuvash, yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuguqulela esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngolwimi Lwesichuvash. Ulwimi luvela kubantu Basechuvash, abahlala kwiindawo Zaserashiya Naseukraine. Yenye yeelwimi Zaseturkey kwaye inezithethi ezingaphezu kwesigidi, isenza ulwimi olubalulekileyo ukuguqulela.

Ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka okanye Ukuya Kwi-Chuvash, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuguqulela. Kungenxa yokuba i-chuvash alphabet yahlukile kwi-Latin alphabet, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiilwimi Zaseyurophu. Ngenxa yoko, amagama aqukethe iileta Zesicyrillic Ezifana No-A, B, C, Kufuneka aguqulelwe kwisilatini esilinganayo ukuze aqondwe ngumfundi.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela Kwichuvash ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Okokuqala, umguquleli kufuneka aqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezithethwa ngabantu. Kufuneka baqonde isakhiwo sesivakalisi, intsingiselo, kunye nokubiza ulwimi lomthombo. Emva koko kufuneka bakwazi ukuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo kulwimi olujoliswe kuyo, ngokuqwalasela imigaqo yegrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi solwimi olujoliswe kuyo.

Nje ukuba uguqulelo lugqityiwe, umguquleli kufuneka athelekise ngononophelo isicatshulwa santlandlolo nenguqulelo eguqulelweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luhambisa ngokufanelekileyo umyalezo ocetywayo. Kwakhona luxanduva lomguquleli ukwenza uhlolo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na iimbekiselo zenkcubeko kunye namagama esigama aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kulabo bafuna ukufunda Ichuvash, kukho iikhosi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi nakwiiyunivesithi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukufunda ulwimi akusayi kunika ulwazi olunzulu malunga nokuguqulelwa Kwechuvash. Ukutolikwa kwephupha kungenziwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokutolikwa kwephupha kunye nokutolikwa kwamaphupha.

Ngokubanzi, i-chuvash translation sisakhono esibalulekileyo sokuqonda ukuba unqwenela ukunxibelelana nabantu basechuvash. Ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, kunokuba ngamava achitha ixesha kodwa anomvuzo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi Lwesichuvash?

Ulwimi Lwesichuvash luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yaserussia, nakwimimandla Yasemari El, Etatarstan Naseudmurtia Erashiya, nasekazakhstan Naseukraine.

Yintoni imbali yechuvash language?

Ulwimi Lwesichuvash lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-1.5 kwirussia Federation. Nguye kuphela ilungu lesebe Le-Oghur Leelwimi Zaseturkey. Olu lwimi lwaluthethwa ngokwembali ikakhulu kwimimandla ngoku eyaziwa Njengeriphabhlikhi Yasechuvashia, ekummandla Wevolga yaserussia.
Imbali ebhaliweyo yolwimi Lwechuvash inokulandelwa emva kwinkulungwane ye-13 kunye neerekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo ezifumaneka kwimibhalo-ngqangi ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-14 neye-15. Uninzi lwale mibhalo-ngqangi lubonisa ukuba ulwimi luye lwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ulwimi Lwesichuvash lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu lulwimi lwesitatar olwaluselumelwaneni lwehorde Yegolide yaye lwabhalwa kwialfabhethi yakudala yesitatar.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18, i-Chuvash alphabet yadalwa ngumphengululi waserussia, Usemyon Remezov, owasekela kwi-alphabet yesicyrillic. Olu luhlu lutsha lwealfabhethi lwalusetyenziselwa ukwenza iincwadi zokuqala Eziprintiweyo Zechuvash ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi Lwesichuvash lwabonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi baserussia kwaye eminye imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoncwadi yaveliswa ngeli xesha.
Ulwimi Lwesichuvash luyaqhubeka nokuthethwa kule mihla kwaye lufundiswa kwezinye izikolo Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasechuvashia. Kukwakho nemizamo esebenzayo eyenziwayo yokugcina nokukhuthaza ulwimi erashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesichuvash?

1. Umikhail Vasilevich Yakovlev-ingcali yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi Kwiyunivesithi Yasechuvash State Pedagogical, ophuhlise igrama yokuqala ebanzi yolwimi.
2. Uyakov Kostyukov-ingcali yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi Kwiyunivesithi Yasechuvash State Pedagogical, onegalelo ekuphuculeni ulwimi ngokuhlela nokupapasha imisebenzi emininzi.
3. Unikolay Ziberov - igalelo elikhulu ekuqalisweni kweskripthi sesilatini solwimi Lwechuvash.
4. Uvasily Peskov-utitshala, owadala incwadi yokuqala yesikolo solwimi Lwesichuvash ngowe-1904.
5. U-Oleg Bessonov-umntu onempembelelo ekuphuhlisweni kwechuvash yesimanje, owayesebenza ukumanyanisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zolwimi.

Njani ulwimi Chuvash?

Ulwimi Lwasechuvash lolwentsapho Yaseturkey yeelwimi. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokongeza uthotho lwezimaphambili kunye nezimamva kwigama elingcambu. Umyalelo wegama ngokuqhelekileyo umxholo-isenzi-isenzi, kunye ne-free word order ngaphakathi kwezivakalisi. Izibizo zahlulwe zaba ngamadoda amabini kwaye zithathe izimamva ezisekwe kwiklasi ukubonisa inani, ityala, kunye nenkcazo. Izenzi ziyavumelana nomxholo wesivakalisi kwaye zidibanise ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha kunye nomba.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwechuvash ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi, ezinjengoonobumba, ukubizwa kwamagama, kunye negrama esisiseko. Kukho izibonelelo ezininzi ezikwi-intanethi, ezinje Chuvash.org okanye Chuvash.eu oku kunokukunceda kule nto.
2. Sebenzisa ukurekhodwa kwesithethi somthonyama kunye nezivakalisi zesampulu ukwakha ngokukhawuleza isiseko samagama okuncokola kunye namabinzana. Mamela iinkqubo zikanomathotholo kwaye ubukele iimovie kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude Echuvash. Zibhaptize ngolwimi ukuze ube nokutyibilika ngakumbi kwaye ukhululeke kunye nalo.
3. Ziqhelanise noko ukufundileyo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama, nokuba ngokobuqu okanye ngeeforamu ezikwi-intanethi. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ukhethe izinto zasekuhlaleni kwaye ufumane ukuqonda kwinkcubeko.
4. Funda iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba Echuvash ukuphucula isigama sakho kunye negrama. Okukhona ufunda, kokukhona uya kuba nokuqonda okungcono kunye negrama.
5. Okokugqibela, yongeza ukufunda kwakho ngemisebenzi efana nokubhala E-Chuvash, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiforamu ze-chuvash kwi-intanethi kunye nokufunda iimviwo. Oku kuya kukunceda uqine ulwimi lwakho.