Isislovenia Isialbania Guqulela

Isislovenia lulwimi Lwaseslavic oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2 Eyurophu. Njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseslovenia, lulwimi olubalulekileyo kulo mmandla. Kulabo bafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abathetha Islovenia, ukufumana iinguqulelo zobungcali kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo kunye namaxwebhu achanekile kwaye ayasebenza.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezifana nemvelaphi yomguquleli, amava kunye neziqinisekiso. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisislovenia ukuya Kwisislovenia njengoko kukho iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo olwimi. Ukongeza, naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko iimpazamo okanye ukungaqondani kunokukhokelela kunxibelelwano olungalunganga.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinika uluhlu lweenkonzo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, incwadi, okanye imigca embalwa yokubhaliweyo, uya kufumana inkonzo efanelekileyo kuwe. Iinkonzo zinokubandakanya ukuguqulela, ukuhlela, ukuvavanya, kunye nokufomatha, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabathengi.

Kwiinkampani, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zeslovenia zinokuba luncedo njengoko zibanceda banxibelelane ngokuchanekileyo nomyalezo wabo kubathengi abanokubakho. Ukongeza, banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zeshishini, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto eziqulathe iinguqulelo Zeslovenia azinazimpazamo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba iinkampani zingabiza ixesha kunye nemali.

Kwangelo xesha, abantu abafuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu obuqu ,atesezatifikethi zomtshato, zokuzalwa, okanye zokufa, banokuxhamla kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze amkelwe Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech nakwamanye amazwe afuna uguqulelo oluqinisekisiweyo.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinokunceda ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano kuzo zombini iinjongo zeshishini kunye nezobuqu. Ngenkonzo elungileyo, abathengi banokuqiniseka ukuba amaxwebhu abo aya kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Islovenia?

Isislovenia lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Eslovenia kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 zaseburhulumenteni Ze-European Union. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zaseostriya, Eitali, Ehungary Nasecroatia.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zesislovenia?

Ulwimi Lweslovenia, inxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic, luneengcambu kwiproto-Slavic ulwimi olubuyela kwi-6 leminyaka. Ulwimi lokuqala Lweslovenia lwaluhlobene Ngokusondeleyo Necawa Endala Islavonic kwaye lwaluphenjelelwa kakhulu ziziyelelane zasejamani ngenxa yeenkulungwane zolawulo Lwasejamani phezu kweenxalenye zento ngoku eyislovenia. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, izithethi Zaseslovenia zaziphuhlise Islovenia yoncwadi zaza zaqalisa ukuyibona yahlukile kwezinye iilwimi zaseslavic. Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, olu lwimi lwaluphantsi kweenkqubo ezisemgangathweni, ngokusemthethweni lwaziwa njengeslovenia. Emva kwenkululeko yaseslovenia eyugoslavia ngo-1991, Islovenia yabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe. Namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2,5 bathetha Isislovenia njengolwimi lokuqala.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseslovenia?

1. Ujurij Dalmatin (1547-1589): Ujurij Dalmatin wayengumfundi wezakwalizwi wamaprotestanti, umguquleli Webhayibhile, kunye nompapashi wenguqulelo epheleleyo yokuqala yebhayibhile ngeslovene.
2. I-France Prešeren (1800-1849): I-France Prešeren yayiyimbongi Yaseslovenia ethathwa njengeyona mbongi inkulu yaseslovenia ngalo lonke ixesha. Waqulunqa waza wabeka umgangatho wolwimi Lwesislovenia kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa iindlela zanamhlanje kwiincwadi Zesislovenia.
3. Ufran Levstik (1831-1887): Ufran Levstik wayengumlobi waseslovenia kunye notitshala owabhala imisebenzi emibini ebaluleke kuncwadi Lweslovenia: Umartin Kačur Kunye Namabali akhe Avela Kwingingqi Yasecarniola. Le misebenzi yanceda ekumiseleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi Lweslovenia.
4. Ujosip Jurčič (1844-1914): Ujosip Jurčič wayengumdlali weqonga waseslovenia, igqwetha, kunye nezopolitiko ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi Lwaseslovenia. Wabhala eminye yemidlalo yokuqala kwi-standard Slovenian kwaye waqulunqa amagama amaninzi amatsha asasetyenziswa namhlanje.
5. U-Ivan Cankar (1876-1918): U-Ivan Cankar wayengumlobi wesimanje Waseslovenia, umculi kunye nembongi. Waqulunqa ulwimi Lweslovenia ngokwazisa amagama amatsha kunye nokubhala ngesitayela esasifikeleleka kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Njani Ulwimi Slovenian?

Islovenia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye ilandela iimpawu zolwakhiwo jikelele lwezinye iilwimi Zeslavic. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela asetyenziswa ngayo kwisivakalisi, kwaye inamadoda amabini egrama (ubudoda, ubufazi). Amagama akhiwa ngokudibanisa iziphelo kunye nezimaphambili, ngoko ke ingcambu efanayo ingasetyenziselwa ukudala amagama amaninzi. Islovenian nayo inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokudibanisa isenzi kwaye iphuphuma ngokunciphisa kunye nokwandiswa, okwenza ukuba ibe lulwimi olutyebileyo nolunesandi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lweslovenia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye uthathe iiklasi: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuthatha iiklasi okanye ukuqesha umhlohli. Ukuthatha iiklasi kunokukunceda ngegrama kunye nokubiza, ngelixa umfundisi uya kuba nakho ukwenza indlela eyenzelwe wena kwinkqubo yakho yokufunda.
2. Bukela Iifilimu ZASESLOVENIA KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv ngeslovenia kunokukunceda uqonde ulwimi ngcono. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana imiboniso ejolise kubafundi, ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi.
3. Mamela Umculo Waseslovenia: Ukumamela umculo Waseslovenia kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amanye amagama asetyenziswa kwincoko yemihla ngemihla. Ukuphulaphula iingoma ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukunceda uqonde ngokwenene oko kuthethwayo kunye nendlela echazwa ngayo.
4. Thetha nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba kukho izithethi zomthonyama Zeslovenia ezikungqongileyo, ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo. Abanako kuphela ukubonelela ngoncedo lokubiza kunye nesigama, kodwa kunye ne-pepper iincoko zakho ngesilwimi kunye namabinzana angaqhelekanga.
5. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: kukho iitoni zezinto ezikwi-intanethi, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, usetyenziso, iividiyo, kunye neeforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye neebhlog, ezinokukunceda unyuse Islovenia yakho. Ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-intanethi njengomthombo ongapheliyo wolwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.

Ialbania ekumbindi Mpuma Yurophu, isialbania iye yaba yenye yezona lwimi zithethwa kakhulu kulo mmandla. Olu lwimi lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lweli lizwe kwaye luthethwa ngabemi abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi bamashishini kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Ekubeni iingcambu zayo zibuyela kwinkulungwane ye-10 yaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7,2 abathetha olu lwimi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania ziye zaba yinto efunekayo kumashishini nakumaziko amaninzi.

Iinguqulelo zesialbania zinika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, ezinje ngeenguqulelo zamaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukwenziwa kwewebhusayithi, iinguqulelo ezifungelweyo, kunye nokunye. Kunokuba nzima kumashishini nakwimibutho ukuba inxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo xa isebenzisa ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe, ke iinkonzo zetoliki kunye nomguquleli zibaluleke kakhulu. Iitoliki zibonelela ngeenguqulelo zexesha lokwenyani, zivumela iingcali ukuba zinxibelelane ngolwimi olukhethileyo. Kwelinye icala, abaguquleli bathabatha amaxwebhu abhaliweyo baze bawaguqulele kolunye ulwimi, benikela ngeenguqulelo ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Xa uqwalasela nayiphi na inkonzo yokuguqulela, ubani umele aqale acinge ngeziqinisekiso namava awo. Iitoliki eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nabaguquleli kufuneka bazi ngokutyibilikayo isingesi nesialbania, kunye nolwazi malunga neenkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni. Iingcali eziqinisekisiweyo nazo kufuneka zibe nolwazi olunzulu malunga nomxholo abaguqulela kuwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho kwiinguqulelo.

Amashishini kunye namaziko afuna ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania kufuneka afune iingcali zeelwimi ezinezakhono ezingapheleli nje ekubeni nobuchule kulwimi kodwa kunye namava ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo abaziguqulelayo. Olu lwazi kunye nolwazi lubalulekile kuguqulelo oluchanekileyo. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokusondeleyo iminikelo yenkonzo yobuqu yenkampani, irekhodi lokoneliseka kwabathengi, kunye namaxabiso afanelekileyo.

Inguqulelo yobungcali yezixhobo ezibhaliweyo sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini anqwenela ukuvala umqobo wolwimi kwaye afikelele kubathengi ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Nokuba yeyentengiso, intengiso, okanye amaxwebhu, iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo zezinto zasealbania zixabiseke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na intlangano yezizwe ngezizwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isialbania?

Ulwimi lwasealbania luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 njengolwimi lomthonyama, ikakhulu Ealbania Nasekosovo, nakweminye imimandla Yebalkans, kubandakanya imimandla Esemantla Emacedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Naseitali.

Liliphi igama isialbania livela phi?

Ulwimi lwesialbania lunembali ende kwaye intsonkothile. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba iyinzala yolwimi lwentlambo yamandulo, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Illyrian, eyathethwa kwingingqi Yebalkans ngaphambi kwexesha Lamaroma. Ialbania ingqinwa okokuqala kwiirekhodi ezibhaliweyo ngexesha lamaxesha Aphakathi, kodwa iingcambu zayo zibuyela umva ngakumbi. Ebudeni bexesha Lama-ottoman, ngokuyintloko isialbania sasilulwimi oluthethwayo, yaye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi lwalulinganiselwe kwivesi neengoma zabantu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwaphuhliswa kwaza kwasetyenziswa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesialbania ezikolweni, kumaphephandaba nakwiincwadi zonqulo. Ukususela ekufumaneni inkululeko Kubukhosi base-Ottoman ngo-1912, Ialbania iye yaqaphela isialbania njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesialbania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (malunga no – 1405-1468): iqhawe lesizwe lasealbania kunye nomphathi-mkhosi okhulule Ialbania kulawulo Lwase-Ottoman. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngesialbania, enika ulwimi ukuthembeka.
2. Upashko Vasa (1764-1824): Patriot kunye nombhali owabhala enye yeencwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ealbania, "Umthendeleko weenkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (1850-1904): imbongi nombhali Owaziwayo owayenegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.
4. Luigj Gurakuki (1879-1925): educationalist abadumileyo albania, linguist kunye umbhali ngubani nempembelelo enkulu ekumgangatho kunye nokumanyana kweelwimi albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (1846-1900): Imbongi, idrama kunye nombhali owayenegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu basealbania?

Isialbania lulwimi lwentsapho Yase-Indo-European, inxalenye Ye-Balkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo zezinye iilwimi Zasebalkan sprachbund ezifana nesigrike nesimacedonia. Isiseko sasealbania sineelwimi ezimbini, I-Gheg Kunye Ne-Tosk, ezenziwe ngamacandelwana kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Olu lwimi lunezandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka isialbania esibizwa ngokuba sisibindi. Ikwasebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yesibizo sokuhla, ukudityaniswa kwesenzi, kunye nesivumelwano phakathi kwezichazi kunye nezibizo. Isialbania lulwimi oluchaphazeleke kakhulu, olune-morphology etyebileyo kunye ne-syntax.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasealbania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuthenga ikhosi yolwimi olusisiseko lwesialbania okanye incwadi yesifundo kwaye uyifunde. Oku kuya kukunika isiseko esomeleleyo kwiziseko zolwimi.
2. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha, uphulaphule, ufunde kwaye ubhale ngesialbania rhoqo.
3. Joyina ulwimi. Mamela iingoma zesialbania, bukela imiboniso kamabonwakude yasealbania kunye neemovie, kwaye ufumane izithethi zomthonyama zasealbania ukuba zincokole nazo.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Joyina iforamu ekwi-intanethi yabafundi bolwimi, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi, kwaye ujonge amagama kunye nemithetho yegrama kwi-intanethi.
5. Thatha iklasi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cinga ngokuthatha iklasi yolwimi lwesialbania. Oku kunokuba yindlela enhle yokufumana uncedo kumfundisi onamava.