Isitshayina Isijapanese Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

Inguqulelo yasejapan yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kokubini Ejapan nakwamanye amazwe. Ngabemi bebonke abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-128, Ijapan lolona qoqosho lweshumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni kwaye yenye yezona ntengiso zinobunkunkqele kwihlabathi, isenza ukuba ibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwishishini lehlabathi.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi ezifuna ukwenza ishishini Ejapan zixhomekeke kwiinkonzo zabaguquleli abanezakhono ukuze badlulisele imiyalezo yabo kubaphulaphuli bomthonyama. Kuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi, oku kunokubandakanya ukuguqulela amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zeshishini, iincwadi, izinto zentengiso, okanye umxholo wewebhusayithi.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni umguquleli, kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba batyibilika Ngokutyibilikayo kokubini Isijapan kunye nesingesi, lolona lwimi lweshishini lamanye amazwe eliqhutywa kulo. Ukongeza, uguqulelo Lwasejapan lufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweenkcubeko zombini kunye nokukwazi ukudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zolwimi ngalunye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amava omguquleli kunye nolwazi malunga nomxholo okhoyo.

Ukongeza ekuziqhelaniseni neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela kunye nokukhetha umguquleli, kubalulekile ukumisela ubungakanani bexesha kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukugqiba umsebenzi. Ukuba ixesha elibekiweyo liyakhula okanye kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziguqulelwe, kunokuba ngcono ukukhupha le projekthi kwiqela lezithethi zasejapan zomthonyama. Ayizukunceda kuphela ukonga ixesha kunye nemali, kodwa umgangatho wemveliso uya kuba phezulu kakhulu.

Nangona Kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Igama Lesijapane alikho nje amagama. Iinguqulelo eziyimpumelelo zifuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iinkcubeko ezimbini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokuchaneka. Amashishini ajonge ukwandisa kwimarike Yasejapan kufuneka ke atyale imali kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezithenjiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo yabo ivakala nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isijapanese?

Isijapanese kuthethwa Ikakhulu Kwi-Japan, kodwa kanjalo kuthethwa kwamanye amazwe kwaye territories kuquka I-Taiwan, I-South Korea, I-Philippines, Palau, I-Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, East Timor, Brunei, kwaye iindawo i-United states ezifana California Kwaye Hawaii.

Yintoni Isijapanese ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi Lwasejapan intsonkothile kwaye inobubanzi obahlukeneyo. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi Olufana nolwimi Lwangoku Lwasejapan lubuyela kwikhulu le-8 AD. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa Ukuba Ulwimi Lukhona Ejapan ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, mhlawumbi luvela kulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu Basejōmon.
Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaphenjelelwa Kakhulu Ngamatshayina ngexesha elaziwa njengexesha Le-Heian (794-1185), eyabona ukuqaliswa kwesigama Sesitshayina, inkqubo yokubhala, kunye nokunye. Ngexesha Le-Edo (1603-1868), ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaluphuhlise ifom yalo ekhethekileyo, kunye neseti eyahlukileyo yegrama kunye nenkqubo yokubhala.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19, urhulumente wamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokungenisa amagama Asentshona kunye nokuguqula amagama asejapan akhoyo abe yimali mboleko, ngelixa ephucula ulwimi Lwasejapan ngamagama emali - mboleko avela kwisingesi. Le nkqubo iqhubekile kwinkulungwane yama-21, ikhokelela kuhlobo Lwesijapan olwahluke kakhulu ngokwesigama kunye neempawu zolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejapan?

1. I-Kojiki-enye yamaxwebhu amadala abhaliweyo Ngesijapan, I-Kojiki ukuhlanganiswa kweentsomi kunye neentsomi ezivela kwiintsomi zasejapan. Yaqulunqwa Yi-Oum No Yasumaro ngekhulu le-7 kwaye ngumthombo oxabisekileyo wokuqonda ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwasejapan.
2. I-Prince Shoutoku Taishi (574-622) ikhuthazwa ngokukhuthaza ukusasazeka Kobubuddha Ejapan, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuqala yokubhala Ngesijapan, kunye nokwazisa abalinganiswa Basetshayina kulwimi.
3. Abaphengululi be – Nara-ngexesha Le-Nara (710-784) inani labaphengululi laqulunqa izichazi-magama kunye negrama ezanceda ukuguqula ulwimi Lwasejapan kwaye lusete njengolwimi olubhaliweyo.
4. Umurasaki Shikibu-Murasaki Shikibu wayengumlobi owaziwayo Wexesha Le-Heian (794-1185) kwaye imibhalo yakhe ibizwa ngokunceda ukupapasha Isijapane soncwadi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiincwadi.
5. I-Hakuun Ryoko (1199-1286) yaziwa ngokuzisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasetshayina esetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha Lekamakura (1185-1333). Le nkqubo ibe nefuthe ekuguqukeni kolwimi Lwasejapan, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zesilabhasi zesijapane.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwasejapan?

Ulwimi Lwasejapan lulwimi oludumileyo olusebenzisa inkqubo yamasuntswana, ancanyathiselwe kumagama kunye namabinzana, ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama. Lulwimi lwe-agglutinative, okuthetha ukuba ludibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya izibizo, izichazi, izenzi kunye nezenzi ezincedisayo ukwenza amagama anzima kunye namabinzana. Ukongeza, inenkqubo ye-pitch-accent apho i-pitch ye-syllables inokutshintsha intsingiselo yegama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejapan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni: Qala ngokuzibekela usukelo onokulufikelela, njengokufunda ukuzazisa, ukubala ukuya kwishumi, nokubhala ialfabhethi esisiseko yehiragana nekatakana.
2. Funda inkqubo yokubhala: ukuze ukwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokunxibelelana Ngesijapan, kufuneka ufunde i-alphabets ezimbini zefonetiki, i-hiragana kunye ne-katakana, uze uqhubekele kubalinganiswa Be-Kanji.
3. Mamela kwaye uphinde: Ziqhelise ukumamela nokuphinda amabinzana Asejapan, ukuqala ngamagama alula kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa ukuntsonkotha. Zama ukuxelisa isingqisho nesingqisho sesithethi.
4. Sebenzisa Isijapanese kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Thatha lonke ithuba lokusebenzisa Isijapan kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ukuze uzithembe ngakumbi ngolwimi oluthethwayo.
5. Funda amaphephandaba Asejapan kunye neemagazini: Zama ukufunda amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesijapan ukuze uqhelane nendlela ebhalwe ngayo kunye nesigama esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswayo.
6. Sebenzisa itekhnoloji: sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi, Njengo-Anki okanye Uwanikani.
7. Yazi inkcubeko: Ukuqonda inkcubeko kunceda ukuqonda ulwimi, ngoko zama ukubukela iifilimu Zasejapan, mamela umculo Wasejapan kwaye, ukuba unako, visit Ijapan.
8. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama: Ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama kunceda ukuphucula ukubizwa kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.