Isitshayina I-croatian Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

Xhosa: Ukuvala ulwimi Edit

Icroatia lulwimi olusemthethweni Ecroatia Nasebosnia-Herzegovina, kodwa ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci abambalwa basecroatia Eserbia, Emontenegro, kumazwe angabamelwane, nakwihlabathi liphela. Yingakho abaninzi abantu kunye namashishini baguqulela iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi.

Icroatia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye iboleka kakhulu kwiingcambu zesilatini Nesijamani. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni oluncinci Ebosnia-Herzegovina. Icroatia yinxalenye Yosapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yabelana ngengcambu eqhelekileyo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezinje ngesirashiya, isipolish, kunye nesiczech.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezabelwana ngazo, isicroatia kulula ukuba izithethi zezinye iilwimi Zeslavic zifunde. Yabelana ngokufana okuninzi kwigrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Kukho kanjalo ezininzi yenkcubeko similarities phakathi Slavic amazwe ukuba yenza ukuqonda Croatian lula kuba abo kunye ulwazi Ezinye Slavic iilwimi.

Kulabo abangenawo amava kunye nezinye iilwimi zeslavic, isicroatia sisenokuba lula ukuyifumana. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, icroatia iboleka amagama kwezinye iilwimi kwaye inenani elikhulu lemali mboleko. I-croatia ine-alfabhethi yefowuni, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi.

Icroatia nayo ineelwimi ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ekuyo, kunye nezinto zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Ezi lwimi zinokwahluka ngesigama nangesibizo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithethwa nini yaye phi.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwiinguqulelo zesicroatia kukusebenzisa umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo otyibilikayo kulwimi kwaye aqhelene neziyelelane. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, luyaqondakala kwaye alunazimpazamo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokubonelela ngomxholo owongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye zizise ishishini lakho okanye imveliso kwiimarike ezintsha. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iiwebhusayithi, okanye umxholo, ingcali efanelekileyo inokukunceda ufikelele kubaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokukunceda uqonde inkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabathengi kunye namaqabane kwimarike yakho entsha.

Ngokuvula ulwimi Lweadriatic ngenguqulelo yesicroatia, unokuvula amathuba amatsha okukhula kunye nempumelelo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokukunceda ukuvala izikhewu zolwimi nezenkcubeko ukuze wabelane ngomyalezo wakho nehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, nakwiindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro Naseslovenia. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci Eostriya, Ehungary, E-Itali Naseromania.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia Lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-11. Yayisetyenziswa ngamacroats okuqala, Abantu Basemzantsi Slavic abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyicroatia Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi oluvela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, ulwimi lwembali olusetyenziswa ngabantu Baseslavic Basempuma Yurophu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icroatia yaqalisa ukuthabatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo yaye kamva yasetyenziswa kuncwadi, nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, icroatia yafumana umlinganiselo othile wokubekwa emgangathweni ngokupapashwa kwesichazi-magama esibalulekileyo sasecroatia.
Ekugqibeleni, icroatia yakha inxalenye Yobukhosi Base-Austria-Hungarian kwaye yafumana umgangatho ophezulu ngexesha le-19th century, ifana kakhulu nolwimi lwaseserbia. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, kwasekwa Ubukumkani baseserbia, Basecroats naseslovenes, kamva ababebizwa Ngokuba Yiyugoslavia. Icroatia yahlala ingatshintshanga de yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasecroatia ngo-1991 kunye nesibhengezo sobu-independence.
Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luguquka, kunye neenguqu ezenziwe ukupela, iziphumlisi, kunye namagama amatsha afakwe kwisichazi-magama. Namhlanje, icroatia kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.5 abahlala Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, Eserbia, Eostriya, Ehungary, Eitali Naseswitzerland.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasecroatia?

1. Umarko Marulić (1450-1524) - Ithathelwa Ingqalelo ukuba ibe nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasecroatia kwaye ingqalelo yokuqala enkulu umbhali wasecroatia, Umarulić waqulunqa imisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuquka imibongo,idrama, kunye nenkolo. Owona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo Ngujudita, umbongo obalaseleyo osekwe Kwincwadi Yetestamente Endala Kajudith.
2. U-Ivan Gundulić ( 1589-1638) - imbongi eyaziwayo eyabhala i-national epic Osman, kunye ne-play dubravka. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala basecroatia ukubandakanya izinto zolwimi lwasecroatia kwimisebenzi yakhe.
3. Držić (1508-1567) - Držić widely lunxulumano njengoko wokuqala Croatian dramatist kwaye umseki we-Croatian theatre. Imidlalo yakhe ihlala ibonisa uburharha obumnyama, i-satire, kunye nemvakalelo enamandla yokuqonda kwesizwe.
4. Umatija Antun Riković (1735-1810) - Uriković ubizwa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesicroatia, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bafunde. Kwakhona wabhala iincwadi ezininzi, amaphecana, namanqaku athetha ngemixholo eyahlukahlukeneyo efana nesayensi, intanda-bulumko nezobupolitika.
5. Petar Preradović (1818-1872) - Preradović ubekwa ngokubanzi njenge "Croatian Byron" kwimibongo yakhe yothando kunye nemibongo yokuthand ' izwe. Ukhunjulwa ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini Ecroatia, kunye negalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasecroatia.

Njani ulwimi lwesicroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye luyinxalenye Yeqela Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic. Inesakhiwo esifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesibulgaria, isiczech, isipolish nesirashiya. Izenzi zasecroatia zidibaniswa ngokomntu kunye nexesha elide, izibizo kunye nezichazi ziyancitshiswa ngokwesini, inombolo kunye necala, kwaye kukho iimeko ezintandathu zegrama. Isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inkqubo yayo yokubhala ifonemic, oko kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi esinye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasecroatia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwegrama, ukubizwa kwamagama kunye noonobumba besicroatia ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi, njengepimsleur okanye Uzifundise isicroatia.
2. Mamela i-podcasts yasecroatia: Ukumamela iipodcasts zasecroatia kunye nemiboniso yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda kunye nokuqhelana nolwimi. Zininzi iividiyo Zeyoutube ezinezifundo ezithile ngokubiza kunye negrama-bukela kangangoko unako!
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama yenye yeendlela eziluncedo nezonwabisayo zokufunda ulwimi. Unokufumana ngokulula iqabane lolwimi kwi-intanethi okanye kwisixeko sakho.
4. Funda iincwadi zasecroatia: Fumana iincwadi, amanqaku kunye neemagazini ngesicroatia kwaye uzifunde rhoqo. Zama ukufumana uhlobo olukufaneleyo kwaye uqale ukufunda!
5. Sebenzisa ii-flashcards ukuze ufunde isigama: Ii-Flashcards ziyithuluzi elihle xa kuziwa ekufundeni amagama amatsha, ngokukodwa kwiilwimi ezifana nesicroatia apho kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwinto efanayo.
6. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokuqonda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo-yiya Ecroatia ukuba unako, okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo ecroatia.
7. Ukufunda i-croatia kunokuba ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo - qiniseka ukuba uyayonwabela inkqubo kwaye ungabeki uxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe.