Isitshayina Isislovenia Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

Isislovenia lulwimi Lwaseslavic oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2 Eyurophu. Njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseslovenia, lulwimi olubalulekileyo kulo mmandla. Kulabo bafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abathetha Islovenia, ukufumana iinguqulelo zobungcali kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo kunye namaxwebhu achanekile kwaye ayasebenza.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezifana nemvelaphi yomguquleli, amava kunye neziqinisekiso. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisislovenia ukuya Kwisislovenia njengoko kukho iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo olwimi. Ukongeza, naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko iimpazamo okanye ukungaqondani kunokukhokelela kunxibelelwano olungalunganga.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinika uluhlu lweenkonzo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, incwadi, okanye imigca embalwa yokubhaliweyo, uya kufumana inkonzo efanelekileyo kuwe. Iinkonzo zinokubandakanya ukuguqulela, ukuhlela, ukuvavanya, kunye nokufomatha, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabathengi.

Kwiinkampani, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zeslovenia zinokuba luncedo njengoko zibanceda banxibelelane ngokuchanekileyo nomyalezo wabo kubathengi abanokubakho. Ukongeza, banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zeshishini, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto eziqulathe iinguqulelo Zeslovenia azinazimpazamo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba iinkampani zingabiza ixesha kunye nemali.

Kwangelo xesha, abantu abafuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu obuqu ,atesezatifikethi zomtshato, zokuzalwa, okanye zokufa, banokuxhamla kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze amkelwe Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech nakwamanye amazwe afuna uguqulelo oluqinisekisiweyo.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zeslovenia zinokunceda ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano kuzo zombini iinjongo zeshishini kunye nezobuqu. Ngenkonzo elungileyo, abathengi banokuqiniseka ukuba amaxwebhu abo aya kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Islovenia?

Isislovenia lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Eslovenia kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 zaseburhulumenteni Ze-European Union. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zaseostriya, Eitali, Ehungary Nasecroatia.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zesislovenia?

Ulwimi Lweslovenia, inxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic, luneengcambu kwiproto-Slavic ulwimi olubuyela kwi-6 leminyaka. Ulwimi lokuqala Lweslovenia lwaluhlobene Ngokusondeleyo Necawa Endala Islavonic kwaye lwaluphenjelelwa kakhulu ziziyelelane zasejamani ngenxa yeenkulungwane zolawulo Lwasejamani phezu kweenxalenye zento ngoku eyislovenia. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, izithethi Zaseslovenia zaziphuhlise Islovenia yoncwadi zaza zaqalisa ukuyibona yahlukile kwezinye iilwimi zaseslavic. Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, olu lwimi lwaluphantsi kweenkqubo ezisemgangathweni, ngokusemthethweni lwaziwa njengeslovenia. Emva kwenkululeko yaseslovenia eyugoslavia ngo-1991, Islovenia yabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe. Namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2,5 bathetha Isislovenia njengolwimi lokuqala.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseslovenia?

1. Ujurij Dalmatin (1547-1589): Ujurij Dalmatin wayengumfundi wezakwalizwi wamaprotestanti, umguquleli Webhayibhile, kunye nompapashi wenguqulelo epheleleyo yokuqala yebhayibhile ngeslovene.
2. I-France Prešeren (1800-1849): I-France Prešeren yayiyimbongi Yaseslovenia ethathwa njengeyona mbongi inkulu yaseslovenia ngalo lonke ixesha. Waqulunqa waza wabeka umgangatho wolwimi Lwesislovenia kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa iindlela zanamhlanje kwiincwadi Zesislovenia.
3. Ufran Levstik (1831-1887): Ufran Levstik wayengumlobi waseslovenia kunye notitshala owabhala imisebenzi emibini ebaluleke kuncwadi Lweslovenia: Umartin Kačur Kunye Namabali akhe Avela Kwingingqi Yasecarniola. Le misebenzi yanceda ekumiseleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi Lweslovenia.
4. Ujosip Jurčič (1844-1914): Ujosip Jurčič wayengumdlali weqonga waseslovenia, igqwetha, kunye nezopolitiko ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi Lwaseslovenia. Wabhala eminye yemidlalo yokuqala kwi-standard Slovenian kwaye waqulunqa amagama amaninzi amatsha asasetyenziswa namhlanje.
5. U-Ivan Cankar (1876-1918): U-Ivan Cankar wayengumlobi wesimanje Waseslovenia, umculi kunye nembongi. Waqulunqa ulwimi Lweslovenia ngokwazisa amagama amatsha kunye nokubhala ngesitayela esasifikeleleka kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Njani Ulwimi Slovenian?

Islovenia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye ilandela iimpawu zolwakhiwo jikelele lwezinye iilwimi Zeslavic. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela asetyenziswa ngayo kwisivakalisi, kwaye inamadoda amabini egrama (ubudoda, ubufazi). Amagama akhiwa ngokudibanisa iziphelo kunye nezimaphambili, ngoko ke ingcambu efanayo ingasetyenziselwa ukudala amagama amaninzi. Islovenian nayo inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokudibanisa isenzi kwaye iphuphuma ngokunciphisa kunye nokwandiswa, okwenza ukuba ibe lulwimi olutyebileyo nolunesandi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lweslovenia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye uthathe iiklasi: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuthatha iiklasi okanye ukuqesha umhlohli. Ukuthatha iiklasi kunokukunceda ngegrama kunye nokubiza, ngelixa umfundisi uya kuba nakho ukwenza indlela eyenzelwe wena kwinkqubo yakho yokufunda.
2. Bukela Iifilimu ZASESLOVENIA KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv ngeslovenia kunokukunceda uqonde ulwimi ngcono. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana imiboniso ejolise kubafundi, ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi.
3. Mamela Umculo Waseslovenia: Ukumamela umculo Waseslovenia kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amanye amagama asetyenziswa kwincoko yemihla ngemihla. Ukuphulaphula iingoma ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukunceda uqonde ngokwenene oko kuthethwayo kunye nendlela echazwa ngayo.
4. Thetha nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba kukho izithethi zomthonyama Zeslovenia ezikungqongileyo, ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo. Abanako kuphela ukubonelela ngoncedo lokubiza kunye nesigama, kodwa kunye ne-pepper iincoko zakho ngesilwimi kunye namabinzana angaqhelekanga.
5. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: kukho iitoni zezinto ezikwi-intanethi, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, usetyenziso, iividiyo, kunye neeforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye neebhlog, ezinokukunceda unyuse Islovenia yakho. Ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-intanethi njengomthombo ongapheliyo wolwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.