Isitshayina I-persian Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

Ukuba ufuna umguquleli onokwethenjelwa, ochanekileyo kunye nochwepheshe kwiimfuno zakho zolwimi lwesipersi, ufike kwindawo efanelekileyo. Isipersi, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yifarsi, lulwimi oluphambili Kumbindi Mpuma, oluthethwa ikakhulu ngabantu Baseiran, Afghanistan Nasetajikistan. Lulwimi olusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezoshishino, kurhulumente nakwezozakuzo. Kubalulekile ukufumana umguquleli oguqulelayo othetha iilwimi ezininzi.

Kwiinkonzo Zokuguqulela zasepersi, sizama ukubonelela abathengi bethu ngeenkonzo ezingcono zokuguqulela. Iqela lethu labaguquleli abaqeqeshwe kakhulu nabanamava onke zizithethi zomthonyama zasepersi ezinamava eminyaka entsimini kwaye zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yakutshanje ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Iinkonzo zethu zivela kwiinguqulelo ezisisiseko ukuya kwiindawo zobugcisa bezomthetho kunye nezonyango, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abathengi bethu bafumana izisombululo abazifunayo.

Sizimisele ukubonelela abathengi bethu ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezinokwenzeka. Abaguquleli bethu baqonda kakuhle isipersi nesingesi, ngoko banokuguqulela ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho. Sikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuhlela kunye nokuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu ahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu.

Kwiinkonzo Zokuguqulela zasepersi, siyaqonda ukubaluleka kokhuseleko kunye nemfihlo xa kuziwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela. Sithatha unonophelo olukhulu ukukhusela ukuthembeka kwamaxwebhu esiwafumanayo kwaye singaze sabelane ngolwazi nomntu wesithathu. Bonke abasebenzi bethu batyikitya isivumelwano sokungabhengezi ukuqinisekisa amanqanaba aphezulu obumfihlo.

Ukuba ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela ezithembekileyo, ezichanekileyo kunye nezobugcisa kwiimfuno zakho zolwimi lwesipersi, qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje. Sijonge phambili ekunikezeleni ngeyona nkonzo ibalaseleyo kwaye sikunike izisombululo ozifunayo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isipersi?

Ulwimi lwesipersi (ekwabizwa ngokuba Yifarsi) ubukhulu becala luthethwa Eiran, Afghanistan Nasetajikistan. Ikwathethwa nakwiindawo ezithile zamanye amazwe, njenge-Iraq, I-United Arab Emirates, Ibahrain, Iturkey, I-Oman Ne-Uzbekistan.

Iyiphi imbali yamapersi?

Ulwimi lwasepersi lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zase-Indo-European emhlabeni kwaye kukholelwa ukuba luvela Kumazantsi E-Iran malunga nekhulu le-8 BCE. Ekuqaleni, Amapersi Amadala athethwa ngabemi Basepersi, ummandla okumzantsi-ntshona weiran yanamhlanje. Ngo-550 BCE, Ubukhosi Be-Achaemenid benziwa, Kunye Ne-old Persian yaba lulwimi lwenkundla yasebukhosini. Ebudeni beenkulungwane ezalandelayo, Ubukhosi Baseachaemenid bandiswa yaye amapersi Amadala asasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiindawo ezinkulu Kumbindi Mpuma, Eafghanistan, Kumbindi Asia nakwimimandla Yaseyurophu.
Xa ukunqoba Kwamasulumane kwaqala ngo-651 ce, isiarabhu saba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwehlabathi Lamasulumane. Ekugqibeleni amapersi amkela amagama namabinzana amaninzi esiarabhu ukuze ahambisane namaxesha aguqukayo. Isiphumo sale nkqubo kukuvela kolwimi olutsha olwaziwa ngokuba yi "Middle Persian" (ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yipahlavi okanye Iparthian). Amapersi aphakathi asasazeka kulo lonke ummandla kwaye ekugqibeleni aya kuphembelela ukuphuhliswa kwezinye iilwimi zanamhlanje Zaseiran.
Ngekhulu le-10 CE, ulwimi Olutsha lwesipersi lwavela ekuveleni Kwamapersi Aphakathi. Isipersi esitsha siboleke uninzi lwamagama aso kwisiarabhu, isiturkish, nakwezinye iilwimi, kodwa sagcina ezinye zegrama Yesipersi Esiphakathi. Eli xesha likwabone ukuphuhliswa kweemitha zemibongo, eziza kuqhubeka zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoncwadi lwasepersi.
Namhlanje, isipersi lulwimi lweenkobe lwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 Eiran, Eafghanistan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Iselulwimi olukhulu loncwadi kulo mmandla kwaye ihlala inxulunyaniswa nenkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu bala mazwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesipersi?

1. Uferdowsi (c. 940-1020): Wayebhekwa njengembongi enkulu yasepersi kunye nomlobi We-Shahnameh, umbongo we-epic oxelela amabali Asendulo Aseiran.
2. I-Rumi (1207-1273): Enye yeembongi ezinkulu zasepersi Zasesufi kunye nomsunguli We-Order Of Mevlevi, umyalelo wenkolo onqula ngomculo kunye nemibongo.
3. U-Omar Khayyam (1048-1131): ingcali yezibalo yasepersi, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, kunye nenye yeembongi ezidumileyo zasepersi.
4. Usaadi Shirazi (malunga no-1184-1283): imbongi engummangaliso yasepersi, umbhali kunye nombhali wemibongo emibini: Ibustan Negulistan.
5. Uhafez (1315-1390): imbongi yasepersi, eyaziwayo ngengoma yakhe kunye nemibongo yesini, edla ngokukhankanywa kunye Norumi.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesipersi?

Isakhiwo solwimi lwasepersi sisekelwe kwi-morphology ye-agglutinative, oku kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa i-morphemes kunye ngendlela eguqula intsingiselo yegama. I-Persian ine-SOV (i-subject-object-verb) umyalelo wegama kunye nesakhiwo sebinzana lesibizo-isenzi. Ikwasebenzisa iiposti endaweni yezindululo njengezinye iilwimi. Izenzi zithatha inani elikhulu lezimaphambili kunye nezimamva ezibonisa izinto ezifana nokuqina, isimo sengqondo kunye nomntu. Okokugqibela, inohlobo olukhethekileyo lwesenzi esibizwa ngokuba yi-optative, esibonisa iminqweno okanye iminqweno.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasepersi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Joyina ikhosi yolwimi lwesipersi: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi lwesipersi kukujoyina ikhosi yolwimi kwiyunivesithi yasekuhlaleni okanye isikolo solwimi. Oku kuya kukunika ulwakhiwo kunye nesikhokelo, kunye nabaqeqeshi abanolwazi abanokunika ingxelo ngenkqubela yakho.
2. Sebenzisa ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi: ii-Apps zokufunda Ulwimi Ezinje Ngeduolingo, Ibabbel, Kunye Nememrise zizixhobo ezilungileyo zokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Banikezela ngezifundo ezonwabisayo nezisebenzisanayo ezikunceda ukuba uziqhelanise kwaye uqinise isigama kunye negrama ekufuneka uyazi ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana ngesipersi.
3. Bukela iimovie zasepersi kunye nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie KUNYE nemiboniso YETV ngesipersi yindlela entle yokuzifaka kulwimi kwaye uziqhelanise ngcono nezimvo ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi. Unokufumana iifilimu ezininzi zasepersi kunye nemiboniso yokusasaza kwi-intanethi, okanye ungathenga Iidvd ngokunjalo.
4. Fumana iqabane lolwimi: Ukuba unokufumana isithethi somthonyama sasepersi esizimisele ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi kunye nawe, oku kunokuba yindlela entle yokuphucula izakhono zakho zolwimi. Ungababuza imibuzo malunga namagama kunye namabinzana, ukubiza ukubiza, kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kwenkcubeko kunye namasiko E-Iran ngokuthetha neqabane lakho lolwimi.
5. Mamela umculo wasepersi: Ukumamela umculo wasepersi yindlela entle yokuthatha ulwimi. Kukho abaculi abaninzi abavela E-Iran Nasemiddle East abavelisa umculo omkhulu ngolwimi. Ukubaphulaphula kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi nolwimi kwaye wandise izakhono zakho zokuqonda ilizwi.