Isitshayina Yakut Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesitshayina: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

I-China izele ngamathuba amashishini afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwintengiso enkulu, ehlala ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu Be China kunye neelwimi zayo ezininzi, uninzi lwala mashishini lufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasetshayina ezisemgangathweni. Kule nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi senguqulelo Yesitshayina kwaye sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi oluthethwa E-China. Isimandarin, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimandarin, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Base China kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi zengingqi ziquka I-Wu (ulwimi lwengingqi yasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong Kong Nasemacau), Kunye Nemin (ulwimi lwephondo Lasefujian). Zonke ezi ntlobo zolwimi ziqondakala ngokulinganayo ukuya kwinqanaba, kodwa kukho umahluko owaneleyo phakathi kwazo ukuze zifune iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela.

Xa ukhetha umnikezeli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba baqhelene neentlobo zolwimi ozifunayo ziguqulelwe. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi olubanzi, kodwa abanye bagxininisa kwiintlobo ezimbini okanye ezimbini zolwimi oluphambili. Kukwakho nokhetho lokuqesha umguquleli ozalelwe ngolwimi olunye kwaye aqeqeshwe ngobuchule kolunye – njengesithethi sendabuko Sasemandarin esikwaziyo ngesicanton.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela ngumgangatho wokuguqulela kwabo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngemizekelo yomsebenzi wakho ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umboneleli wakho ulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeshishini ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho, njengokubonelela ngeelwimi zexesha lokwenyani ngobuchule bezifundo kwiprojekthi nganye.

Okokugqibela, amaxabiso yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo yokuguqulela. Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ngeephakheji zamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, abhetyebhetye kunye nezaphulelo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngohlahlo - lwabiwo mali kunye nomboneleli wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iindleko zeprojekthi ziyinyani kwaye ziyafikeleleka.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwesitshayina lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unzima, kodwa ngomboneleli ofanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezithethwa E-China, ukukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela onikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokuqwalasela amaxabiso, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona nguqulelo yesitshayina yeprojekthi yakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isitshayina?

Isitshayina sithethwa E-China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, nakwamanye amazwe anoluntu olukhulu Lwasetshayina.

Ziziphi iimbali Zamatshayina?

Ulwimi Lwasetshayina lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kunye nembali ebhaliweyo ebuyela umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 500. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwiindlela zangaphambili Zesitshayina esithethiweyo kwaye inokulandelwa emva Kwe-Shang dynasty yamandulo (1766-1046 BC). Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa zaza zasasazeka kulo lonke ummandla, zikhokelela kulwimi oluqhelekileyo Lwesimandarin esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ukubhalwa Kwetshayina kuye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu bububuddha Kunye Nobuconfucius, obuchaphazele kakhulu inkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwasetshayina.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasetshayina?

1. Uconfucius (551-479 BCE): ifilosofi yasetshayina kunye notitshala ubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo Sokucinga Sikaconfucius, esiphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yasetshayina kunye nolwimi.
2. Uzheng He( 1371-1435): umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo Wasetshayina kunye nomphathi, uhambo Lukazheng He lokuhlola lwaseka unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabantu Basempuma Ekude Nakumbindi Mpuma abasabalulekile kulwimi Lwasetshayina namhlanje.
3. I-Lu Xun (1881-1936): Ulu Xun wayengumlobi Wasetshayina kunye noguquko olwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa Kwetshayina yolwimi ngokuchaseneyo neendlela ezisemthethweni zolwimi, ezibeka isigaba Sesitshayina esibhaliweyo.
4. Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Mao Zedong yaba inkokeli yezopolitiko Chinese ovelise inkqubo Pinyin Romanization for the Chinese ulwimi, leyo revolution ukufundisa nokufunda zombini ethethiweyo kunye ebhaliweyo Chinese.
5. Zhou Youguang (1906-2017): Zhou Youuguang waba linguist kwaye entrepreneur abo kwaphuhliswa Isitshayina ulwimi alphabet, eyaziwa njenge Hanyu Pinyin, nto leyo ngoku umgangatho ulwimi ukufundisa Kwi-China.

Ulwakhiwo Njani Ulwimi Chinese?

Ulwimi lwesitshayina lulwimi lwetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni elithethwayo kuyo. I-Chinese nayo ilwimi yesilabhasi, kunye nesilabhasi nganye equlethe ingcamango enye epheleleyo okanye intsingiselo. Ukongeza, Ulwimi Lwesitshayina lwenziwe ngabalinganiswa (okanye i-hazi), abenziwe ngemivimbo nganye kunye ne-radicals.

Indlela yokufunda Isitshayina ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko: iitoni, ukubizwa, kunye neziseko zegrama Yasetshayina. 2. Chitha ixesha ufunda kwaye ukhumbule abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 3. Ziqhelise yonke imihla ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye isithethi somthonyama. 4. Mamela iipodcasts Zasetshayina okanye ubukele iimovie Zasetshayina ukuze uqhelane nokubizwa kwendabuko. 5. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise rhoqo. 6. Ndwendwela Ichina okanye uye kwisikolo Solwimi Lwesitshayina ukuze uzicwilise ngolwimi. 7. Funda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesitshayina. 8. Joyina uluntu lokufunda Ulwimi Lwasetshayina kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu.

I-Yakut lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi kumantla mpuma Erashiya. Njengoko olu lwimi lusandul ' ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni, kusekho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyakut. Kule nqaku, siza kujonga ukubaluleka kokuguqulela kwi-Yakut kwaye sixoxe ngemiceli mngeni enxulumene nale nkqubo.

Ulwimi Lweyakut aluthethwa Kuphela Erashiya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe Afana Nemongolia, Ichina Nekazakhstan. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho imfuno yamazwe ngamazwe yeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyakut kunye nasekhaya. Eyona njongo iphambili yokuguqulela nokuvela Eyakut kukuvala izikhewu zeelwimi ukuze kuququzelelwe unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama nabanye abachaphazelekayo. Iinguqulelo nazo ziyafuneka kumaxwebhu asemthethweni, izivumelwano zozakuzo, izixhobo zemfundo, imithombo yeendaba kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nenkcubeko, kunye namanye amaxwebhu.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni nasekusukeni, kukho imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Okokuqala, kukho umbuzo wokubizwa. Amagama Aqhelekileyo kunye aqhelekanga eneenfayile Yadav. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba abaguquleli baqhelane nezi nguqulelo zengingqi ukuze baqinisekise ukuchaneka. Omnye umceli mngeni kukuba amagama amaninzi aneentsingiselo ezininzi kuxhomekeke kumxholo asetyenziswa kuwo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngabaguquleli ukuba baqonde intsingiselo echanileyo yegama okanye ibinzana, besenza ukuchana kubaluleke ngakumbi.

Nangona kukho imiceli mngeni enxulumene nokuguqulela ukuya nokubuya kwi-Yakut, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo. Njengoko ulwimi Lweyakut luqhubeka lufumana ukwamkelwa, kuya kubaluleka ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezisuka Kwiyakut zikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zichanekile. Iinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zibalulekile ekugcineni incoko yenkcubeko ephumelelayo kunye nonxibelelwano, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama abaneenkcubeko ezihlala zihlelelekile.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwaseyakut?

Ulwimi Lweyakut luthethwa Erashiya, Echina Nasemongolia.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zeyakut?

Ulwimi Lwaseyakut lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluvela Kwicaspian subgroup yeelwimi Ezisenyakatho-Ntshona Yeturkey. Kuthethwa ngabantu abangama-500,000 Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasesaka yaserussia, ikakhulukazi kwi-lena River drainage basin kunye ne-tributaries yayo. Ulwimi Lwaseyakut lunembali etyebileyo yoncwadi ebuyela emva kuncwadi lokuqala olurekhodiweyo phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14. Uncwadi lwase-Yakut lwaluphenjelelwe kakhulu kukubhalwa kweembongi Zesufi Ezivela Kumbindi Mpuma Nakumbindi Weasia, kunye nababhali baserussia kunye nababhali abavela Kwi-Imperial Russia. Imisebenzi yokuqala ebhaliweyo Yaseyakut yayiyimibhalo yonqulo, kuquka iinguqulelo zeendinyana Zequranic kunye nomlando Kayusuf Nozulaikha.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala ebhalwe Kwi-Yakut yabonakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kunye nemibongo, amabali amafutshane, kunye neenoveli ezibalisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu Base-Yakut. Ababhali baseyakut nabo baqalisa ukuhlola imixholo emikhulu kwimisebenzi yabo, njengomzabalazo wokulwa nobukoloniyali, ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko yemveli Yasesiberia, kunye nengxaki yabantu abacinezelweyo kuloo mmandla. Ngeminyaka yee-1920 neyee-1930, ulwimi Lweyakut lwafumana ukuvuselelwa koncwadi, olukhokelwa ngababhali abanjengoyuri Chegerev, Uanatoly Krotov, Ugennady Titov, Noivan Tazetdinov. Eli xesha labona ukuqhuma kwenani leencwadi ezipapashwe Eyakut, kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kolwimi kumaxwebhu karhulumente nawolawulo.
Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwaseyakut lunandipha ukuvuselelwa phakathi kwezithethi zalo zomthonyama, kuze kupapashwe amaphephandaba namaphephancwadi amaninzi ngolwimi. Kukho kwakhona umdla ukwandisa izifundo Ulwimi Yakut ngaphandle Erashiya, kunye neeyunivesithi ezininzi ezifundisa izifundo ngolwimi.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lweyakut?

1. Uyuri Nikolaevich Vinokurov-ingcali yeelwimi, umbhali-mbali kunye nephilologist; 2. Stepan Georgievich Ostrovsky-Yakut imbongi, playwright, umbhali kunye nomguquleli; 3. U-Oleg Mikhailovich Belyaev - Umgxeki woncwadi kunye nombhali; 4. Liliya Vladimirovna Bagautdinova-Yakut folklorist; 5. Akulina Yeelovna Pavlova-umbhali wesichazi-magama kunye nomphandi wedialectology.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Yakut?

Ulwimi Lwaseyakut lolwentsapho yolwimi Lwaseturkey kwaye luyinxalenye yeqela Lasenyakatho-Mpuma. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lisebenzisa izimamva ezinokuthi zongezwe kumagama ukudala iintsingiselo ezintsha kunye neefom. I-Yakut ichaphazeleka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwisivakalisi. Izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi, kunye nezenzi zonke zifuna ukuphela ukubonisa ifom yazo kuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lweyakut ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana ikopi yencwadi yolwimi Lweyakut okanye isikhokelo somhlohli. Ukusebenza kwezi zifundo kule mathiriyeli yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuba nobuchule kulwimi.
2. Ziqhelise ukuthetha nokuphulaphula. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuziqhelanisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko zama ukufumana iqabane lokuncokola ukuze uziqhelanise nalo.
3. Book in Yakuza. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde i-grammar and grammar of language.
4. Funda malunga nenkcubeko kunye nembali yeeyakuts. Ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nabantu kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila kunokukunceda uqonde ngcono ulwimi.
5. Watch yakuza media. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikwi-intanethi, kubandakanya iinkqubo zikanomathotholo KUNYE nemiboniso YETV, efumaneka ngolwimi.
6. Visit Yakuza Ukuchitha ixesha kwingingqi kuya kukunika ithuba lokuzicwilisela kulwimi kwaye unxibelelane nezithethi zomthonyama.