Maori Isiphuthukezi Guqulela

Isimaori lulwimi Lomthonyama Enew Zealand kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni lwabantu Basemaori. Sithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-130,000 emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi Kwiziqithi Ezisenyakatho Nasenew Zealand. Ulwimi lwesimaori luthathwa njengolwimi lwesipolynesia, kwaye lubalulekile kwinkcubeko yamamaori nakwilifa lemveli. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesimaori ziye zathandwa ngakumbi kumashishini, kwimibutho, nakubantu abafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu Besimaori okanye bafunde ngakumbi ngolwimi.

Inguqulelo yesimaori yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kuba ulwimi lunomongo kakhulu kwaye lunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo olwazi ulwimi kwaye aqonde izinto zalo. Abaguquleli abangamamaori abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokuba zizithethi zolwimi lweenkobe yaye baqeqeshwa kakhulu kwiinkalo zolwimi.

Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwenguqulelo Yesimaori, inokubiza imali eninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kusafanelekile. Awuyi kufumana uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kuphela, kodwa uya kuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko, ukwandisa ukuqonda, kunye nokwandisa ubudlelwane.

Xa usebenza nomguquleli Wemaori, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngomxholo omninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kubandakanya abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, injongo, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Ukwenza oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lwakho luchanekile kwaye lucacile.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasemaori zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye zivulele amathuba amatsha oshishino kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngokuqesha umguquleli Oqeqeshiweyo Wemaori, unokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wakho unxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangentlonelo.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Isimaori lulwimi Olusemthethweni Lwasenew Zealand. Ikwathethwa ngabantu Basemaori Eostreliya, Ecanada NASE-USA.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Ulwimi Lwesimaori luthethwa Kwaye lusetyenziswa Enew Zealand ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-800, isenza ukuba ibe yenye yeelwimi ezindala emhlabeni. Imvelaphi yayo inokulandelwa emva kwabafuduki Basepolynesia abafika kuqala kwesi siqithi ngenkulungwane ye-13, bezisa ulwimi lwabo lwezinyanya. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi lwavela kwaye lwathatha iimpawu zalo ezahlukeneyo njengoko luhambelana nezinye iilwimi zasekuhlaleni kunye neziyelelane. Olu lwimi lwalupheleliselwe kwizithethe zomlomo de kwayiminyaka yoo-1800, xa abavangeli Abangamakristu baqalisa ukuguqulela izicatshulwa kulwimi Lwesimaori. Njengoko I-New Zealand yafudukela kwidemokhrasi kunye nobuzwe phakathi kwe-1900s, ulwimi lwanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni kwaye lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi sikazwelonke Sasenew Zealand. Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwesimaori lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimaori?

1. Usir Apirana Ngata: Wayelilungu lokuqala Lepalamente Yamamaori (ngo-1905-1943) kwaye wayengumqhubi oqhuba emva kokuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwamamaori ngokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwimfundo yoluntu kunye nokuguqulelwa kweencwadi kulwimi.
2. I-rangi Hīroa (Umnumzana Peter Hēnare): wayeyinkokeli ebalulekileyo Yamamaori eyabandakanyeka Ekukhuthazeni inkcubeko yamamaori Neyamapakeha, kwaye wancedisa ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Lwamamaori kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu.
3. Udame Nganeko Minhinnick: wayenempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lukanomathotholo Wasemaori, iminyhadala kunye namathuba emfundo kwaye wayenempembelelo ekuphuhliseni Umthetho Wekomishoni Yeelwimi Zasemaori ka-1987.
4. Udame Kōkai Hipango: wayengumfazi wokuqala Wasemaori ukuba abe yijaji Yenkundla Ephakamileyo Yasenew Zealand kwaye wayedume ngokuxhasa kwakhe ukuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwasemaori.
5. I Taura Whiri i I Reo Māori (Ikhomishini Yolwimi Lwesimaori): Ikhomishini yolwimi Lwesimaori isebenza ukukhuthaza nokugcina ulwimi Lwesimaori. Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1987, Ikomishoni iye yaba negalelo ekuncedeni ukuvuselela ulwimi ngokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha, iindlela zokufundisa kunye namanyathelo okufundisa.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Ulwimi Lwesimaori lulwimi Lwesipolynesia, kwaye isakhiwo salo sibonakaliswa linani elikhulu lezibizo kunye nezenzi ezilinganiselweyo. Isebenzisa inkqubo yezimamva kwiintsingiselo ezithile kumagama, eyaziwa ngokuba yigrama yokwenziwa. Ikwanoluhlu olubanzi lwezandi kunye neesilabhasi ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza amagama anentsingiselo. I-word order isimahla, nangona inokuqina kwiimeko ezithile.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimaori ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibhaptize ngolwimi Lwesimāori kunye nenkcubeko: Qala ngokuya kwiklasi yolwimi Lwesimāori, njengaleyo ibonelelwe Ngute Wananga o Aotearoa okanye iwi yakho yendawo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yenkcubeko apho ulwimi Lwesimāori kunye namasiko asetyenziswa kakhulu.
2. Mamela, bukela kwaye ufunde ulwimi Lwesimāori kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Fumana unomathotholo wolwimi Lwesimāori (UMZ. RNZ Māori), bukela iinkqubo zikamabonwakude zolwimi Lwesimāori kunye neefilimu, funda iincwadi, amahlaya kunye namabali Ngesimāori kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uphinda into oyivayo kwaye uyibona.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha ulwimi: Zama ukufumana amathuba okuncokola nezithethi zomthonyama Zesimāori ezinje ngosapho okanye abahlobo, okanye uye kwimisitho Yesimāori kunye nesikohanga reo (amaziko okufunda ulwimi lwasemāori).
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi ukukunceda ufunde: zininzi izibonelelo ze-intanethi ezikhoyo, ezinje Ngesichazi-magama Solwimi Lwesimāori, eziprintiweyo kunye neencwadi ezirekhodiweyo, iziteshi Zeyoutube kunye namaqela eendaba ezentlalo anika inkxaso enkulu kubafundi bolwimi Lwesimāori.
5. Yonwaba: Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo, ke musa ukoyiswa ngumceli mngeni-thatha inyathelo elinye ngexesha kwaye wonwabele uhambo!

Isiphuthukezi lulwimi Oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-250 emhlabeni jikelele. Lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseportugal, Ibrazil, Iangola, Imozambique, Icape Verde kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla.

Kumashishini kunye nabantu abafuna ukwenza amaxwebhu okanye iiwebhusayithi ezinokuqondwa zizithethi zaseportugal, inguqulelo yesiphuthukezi inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Abaguquleli besiphuthukezi abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka babe nokuqonda okugqwesileyo kokubini isingesi nesiphuthukezi ukuze bavelise iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo.

Ukongeza ekubeni ziilwimi ezimbini, abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo besiphuthukezi kufuneka babe nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwenkcubeko yesiphuthukezi, isilangi kunye neziyelelane. Oku kuya kubanceda ukuba baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zichanile, zingokwemvelo yaye zingaqondwa kakuhle ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nesigama esisetyenziswa kwicandelo labo elithile.

Xa uqesha umguquleli wesiphuthukezi, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge imiqondiso yemveliso esemgangathweni efana negrama echanekileyo, igrama kunye ne-syntax, ukuchaneka kwintsingiselo kunye nethoni, kunye nokufaneleka kwenkcubeko.

Ukuze ukwazi ukuguqulela nayiphi na indlela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqulela ethembekileyo. Oku kuvumela abaphathi beprojekthi ukuba babele imisebenzi kubaguquleli abohlukeneyo, balandele inkqubela phambili kwaye bagcine ukungaguquguquki kuwo onke amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo. Izixhobo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho woguqulelo oluzenzekelayo zikwanceda ukuphonononga kunye nokujonga iinguqulelo ngokuchaneka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimpazamo zenziweyo.

Ngokusebenzisa imithombo enje ngeelwimi ezithembekileyo, abaguquleli abanamava kunye nezisombululo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ozenzekelayo, iinkampani kunye nabantu banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zesiphuthukezi abazivelisayo zichanekile, zihambelana kwaye zikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isiphuthukezi?

Ulwimi lwesiphuthukezi luthethwa Eportugal, Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Macau (China), Nesão Tomé Nepríncipe.

Yintoni imbali yesiphuthukezi?

Ulwimi lwaseportugal lolunye lweelwimi Zothando kwaye imvelaphi yalo ibuyela kumaxesha Aphakathi okuqala, emva kokuwa Kobukhosi Baseroma. Kucingelwa ukuba yavela kwisilatini Esivulekileyo, nangona yaqala ukubhalwa ngohlobo Lwasegalician-isiphuthukezi, ulwimi Lothando lwamaxesha aphakathi oluthethwa kwiindawo zangoku zasemantla Eportugal Nasegalicia kumantla Ntshona Espeyin.
Ngenxa yokusekwa Kobukumkani baseportugal ngo-1139 kunye Nokubuyiselwa Kobukristu Okulandelayo Kwepeninsula Yase-Iberia, igalician-Portuguese yanwenwela ngokuthe ngcembe emazantsi usingasiqithi kwaye yafumana impembelelo kwingingqi yento namhlanje eyaziwa Ngokuba Yiportugal. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, isiphuthukezi saba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi bamaphuthukezi, olwalufikelela kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Oku kwakhokelela ekusekweni kwesiphuthukezi Ebrazil, iikholoni Zaseafrika, Empuma Timor, Macau, Empuma Afrika Naseindiya.
Namhlanje, isiphuthukezi lulwimi lweenkobe lwabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-230, isenza ulwimi lwesibhozo oluthethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwamazwe alithoba, Kubandakanya Ibrazil Neportugal.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiphuthukezi?

1. Uluís de Cameles (1524 - 1580) - egqalwa njengeyona mbongi inkulu Yaseportugal, wabhala umsebenzi wobugcisa os Lusíadas, unanamhla oyinxalenye yoncwadi nenkcubeko yesiphuthukezi.
2. Ujoão De Barros (1496 - 1570 – - umsebenzi Wakhe Udécadas Daásia nenguqulelo Yakhe Kahomer'S Odyssey ziimpawu eziphambili zolwimi lwesiphuthukezi.
3. António Vieira (1608 - 1697) - umshumayeli, unozakuzaku, isithethi kunye nombhali, imisebenzi yakhe inegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiphuthukezi kunye nenkcubeko.
4. Ugil Vicente (1465 - 1537 – - owayegqalwa njengoyise womdlalo weqonga waseportugal, imidlalo yakhe yaguqula olo lwimi yaza yavula indlela yoncwadi lwangoku lwesiphuthukezi.
5. Ufernando Pessoa – 1888 - 1935)-imbongi enempembelelo yesiphuthukezi yenkulungwane yama-20 nenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zoncwadi ngalo lonke ixesha. Izibongo zakhe kunye neprose zihlala zingahambelani nokuqonda kwabo kunye nobunzulu.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiputukezi?

Ubume bolwimi lwesiphuthukezi buthe ngqo. Ilandela umyalelo wegama Lesihloko-Isenzi-Into (SVO) kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo elula elula yesenzi kunye nokuchasana kwesibizo. Lulwimi oluchaphazelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba izibizo, izichazi, amanqaku, kunye nezimelabizo zitshintsha ifom ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwazo kwisivakalisi. Isiphuthukezi sinenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeemvakalelo neemvakalelo zokuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zexesha. Ukongezelela, ulwimi luqulethe iipateni ezicacileyo kakhulu eziboleka i-flavour ekhethekileyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiphuthukezi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana ikhosi elungileyo yolwimi lwesiphuthukezi: Khangela izifundo ezifundiswe ngootitshala abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze ufumane okuninzi kumava akho okufunda.
2. Fumana izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngeevidiyo Zeyoutube, iipodcasts, kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda ufunde isiphuthukezi.
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: Ziqhelanise nokuthetha isiphuthukezi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukuphucula ukubizwa kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.
4. Thatha izifundo kunye nesithethi somthonyama: Qesha utitshala womthonyama waseportugal ukukunceda ufunde isiphuthukezi ngokukhawuleza.
5. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yesiphuthukezi: Ndwendwela amazwe athetha isiphuthukezi, ufunde iincwadi zesiphuthukezi kunye neemagazini, ubukele iimovie ngesiphuthukezi, kwaye uye kwiminyhadala yentlalo ukuze uphuhlise ngakumbi ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi.
6. Funda rhoqo: Bekela bucala ixesha lokufunda isiphuthukezi rhoqo kwaye unamathele kwishedyuli yokuhlala ukhuthazekile kwaye wenze inkqubela.