Bashkir Itatar Humusha

Ulimi lwesibashkir luwulimi lwasendulo Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu basebashkir Eriphabhuliki Yasebashkortostan, Erussia. Ingelungu leqembu elincane lamakipchak lezilimi Zamaturkic, futhi ikhulunywa ngabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-1.5.

Isibashkir siwulimi oluhlukahlukene, olunezilimi eziningi Ezihlukene ezikhulunywa Kulo Lonke Iriphabhuliki. Lokhu kwenza ukuhumusha kusuka ebashkir kuya ebashkir kube umsebenzi onzima. Kunokwehluka okuningi okukhulu phakathi kwezilimi ezingenza ukuhumusha kube nzima kakhulu, njengokuphela kwamagama okuhlukile nezinguquko ekubizeni.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhunyushwa okunembile, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abakhuluma isibashkir baqonde imininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi. Laba bahumushi kudingeka bazi kahle izilimi ezihlukahlukene futhi bakwazi ukuthola ngisho nokwehluka okuncane kakhulu. Yingakho abahumushi abangochwepheshe ngokuvamile bethandwa uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isibashkir.

Lapho ufuna umhumushi wesibashkir, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuyisihluthulelo; umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi lomthombo nolimi okubhekiswe kulo, kanye nokuqonda umongo wamasiko. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi unolwazi olusha lwamagama asetshenziswa olimini, njengoba lokhu kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha isibashkir kudinga ulwazi nekhono elikhethekile, kanye nokuqonda izilimi namasiko. Kubalulekile ukuqasha umhumushi onolwazi futhi onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi incazelo ehlosiwe idluliselwa ngokunembile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesibashkir?

Ulimi lwesibashkir lukhulunywa Kakhulu Erussia, nakuba kunenani elincane labantu abakhuluma isikazakhstan, I-Ukraine Ne-Uzbekistan.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesibashkir?

Ulimi lwesibashkir luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa ikakhulukazi Eriphabhuliki Yasebashkortostan, etholakala esifundeni Sezintaba Zase-Ural Erussia. Yilona kuphela ulimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhulikhi futhi lukhulunywa namanye amalungu omphakathi omncane wase-Udmurt oseduze. Lolu limi selusetshenziswe amakhulu amaningi eminyaka futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kakhulu Zamaturkic ezisakhulunywa nanamuhla.
Imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe yolimi lwesibashkir iqala ngekhulu le-16. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, yayithonywe kakhulu isi-arabhu nesipheresiya. Ekhulwini le-19, isibashkir saba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezinhlanga eziningana ezahlukene kule ndawo. Yayisetshenziswa nasemibhalweni yesayensi, eyayisiza ukuba isakazeke kuyo yonke le ndawo.
Phakathi nenkathi Yamasoviet, ulimi lwesibashkir lwathinteka kakhulu ithonya laserussia. Amagama amaningi esibashkir athathelwa indawo amagama afanayo esirashiya. Lolu limi lwalufundiswa nasezikoleni futhi kwaba nomzamo wokwakha izinhlamvu zamagama ezihlanganisiwe zesibashkir.
Esikhathini sangemva Kwesoviet, isibashkir siye sabona ukuvuselelwa kokusetshenziswa kwaso futhi kuye kwaba nomzamo owengeziwe wokulondoloza ulimi. Abantu abaningi manje bafunda isibashkir njengolimi lwesibili, futhi uhulumeni Weriphabhuliki Yasebashkortostan wenza imizamo emikhulu yokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolimi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, nombhali wesikripthi, wayengumuntu obalulekile ezincwadini zesibashkir nokuvuselelwa kolimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay galikhanov-isazi nesimbongi sasebashkir, wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ngesibashkir futhi uthathwa njengomsunguli wesayensi yanamuhla yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isazi sezemfundo, isazi sefilosofi nesazi sezilimi, wasebenza kakhulu ekwandiseni amazinga okufunda nokubhala phakathi kwabakhuluma isibashkir futhi wahlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ebhaliwe ngolimi lwesibashkir.
4. U-Asker aimbetov-imbongi, umbhali kanye nesazi sezemfundo sasebashkir, wayengomunye wabantu abahamba phambili olimini nasezincwadini zasebashkir, futhi wabhala imisebenzi eminingana emikhulu ngolimi.
5. U-Irek Yakhina-umbhali nomlobi wemidlalo odumile wasebashkir, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Erussia kuphela kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke, futhi wenze lukhulu ekwenzeni ulimi lwesibashkir lufinyeleleke kakhudlwana kubafundi.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesibashkir sinjani?

Ulimi lwesibashkir luwulimi oluhlanganisa izilimi oluphakathi kwezilimi zamakipchak. Ibonakala ngokusebenzisa izijobelelo nemisindo ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukuveza imisebenzi yohlelo lolimi. Isibashkir sinesimiso esicebile sama-consonant nama-vowel, kokubili ukwakheka kwe-syllabic ne-adverbial okwenza isakhiwo saso sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Bashkir ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Zijwayeze izinhlamvu zamagama Bashkir kanye pronunciation. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala esibaluleke kakhulu uma usanda kuqala ukufunda isibashkir. Start ngokufunda eminye imibhalo eyisisekelo ngesibashkir futhi usebenzise ukubiza uhlamvu ngalunye ngendlela efanele.
2. Zama ukuthola umfundisi noma inkambo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuthola imfundo yomuntu ngamunye nesikhulumi somdabu. Uma lokho kungenakwenzeka, bheka izifundo zendawo, noma izifundo zomsindo nezamavidiyo, ukukusiza ufunde ulimi.
3. Funda, lalela futhi ubukele eziningi materials in Bashkir. Njengoba uthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngolimi, continue ufunda futhi ulalele abezindaba ngesibashkir. Zama ukuthola okuqoshiwe audio, izincwadi, amafilimu nezingoma in Bashkir futhi gxila olimini.
4. Thola ezinye umkhuba ukukhuluma Bashkir. Thola umlingani ukuzijayeza, noma ukujoyina iforamu online lapho abantu bakhuluma Bashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha-kuyingxenye yokufunda!
5. Keep ufunda. Ngisho noma uzizwa ukhululekile ngezinto eziyisisekelo, kuhlale kunento entsha ongayifunda nokuyenza. Continue ufunda, ulalele futhi ubuke izinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka in Bashkir.

Isitatar siwulimi olukhulunywa Kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasetatarstan, eyingxenye Yerussian federation. Luwulimi Lwesiturkic futhi luhlobene nezinye izilimi Zesiturkic ezinjengesiturkey, isi-Uzbek nesikazakh. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Azerbaijan, E-Ukraine Nasekazakhstan. Isitatar siwulimi olusemthethweni Etatarstan futhi sisetshenziswa kwezemfundo nasekuphathweni kukahulumeni.

Ngokwanda Kombuso waserussia, ulimi lwesitatar lwaphoqeleka ukuba lufundwe ezikoleni ezisezindaweni ezaba ingxenye Yetatarstan. Lokhu kwaholela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa ngawo-1990, lolu limi lwavuselelwa njengoba kwenziwa imizamo yokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwalo.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo kulabo abafuna ukuhumushela imibhalo olimini lwesitatar. Indlela evame kakhulu yokuqedela inguqulo yesitatar iwukuqasha umhumushi wesitatar onguchwepheshe. Lokhu kunenzuzo yokunemba, njengoba beyojwayelana nemininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe ngokuvamile banolwazi emikhakheni ethile, njengokuhumusha okungokomthetho, okungokwezokwelapha, nokungokwezimali, ukuze bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhumusha olusizwa nge-computer. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukusiza abantu abangakhulumi ulimi lwabo lwendabuko ukuba bahumushe imibhalo ngokushesha nangokunembile. Basebenzisa ama-algorithm ukuze bafanise amagama nemishwana kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu. Nokho, lezi zinhlelo zingase zingabi ezinembile njengokuba umhumushi ahlole idokhumenti.

Kukhona nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet ezingase zinikeze izinguqulo ezinembile ezisuka esingisini ziye olimini lwesitatar. Lezi zinsizakalo ngokuvamile ziyindlela eshibhe kunazo zonke, kodwa azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi efanayo nomhumushi onguchwepheshe. Uma ufuna isixazululo esisheshayo nesingabizi kakhulu sokuhumusha isitatar, lokhu kungaba inketho enhle. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa isevisi ehloniphekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela oyithathayo ukuze uhumushe isitatar, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuvamile ukuba nenguqulo yobuchwepheshe kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufeza lokhu, kodwa uma izindleko ziyinkinga, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet noma izinhlelo ezisizwa nge-computer zingasiza.

Yiluphi ulimi lwesitatar olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi lwesitatar lukhulunywa Kakhulu Erussia, kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 abakhuluma isitatar. Kukhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe Afana Ne-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, turkey neturkmenistan.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesitatar?

Ulimi lwesitatar, olwaziwa nangokuthi isikazan tatar, luwulimi Lwesiturkic lweqembu lekipchak olukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhulikhi yasetatarstan, isifunda saserussia federation. Kukhulunywa nakwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, E-Uzbekistan Nasekazakhstan. Umlando wolimi lwesitatar uqala ngekhulu le-10 lapho Amabulgaria Asevolga amukela Ubusulumane futhi aba Amatatar anamuhla. Phakathi nenkathi Yegolden horde (ngekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-15), Amatatar ayebuswa amamongol futhi ulimi lwesitatar lwaqala ukuthonywa kakhulu izilimi zesimongolia nesipheresiya. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lolu limi luye lwashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana kwalo nezinye izilimi Zesiturkic, kanye nesi-arabhu nesipheresiya. Ngenxa yalokho, sekuwulimi oluyingqayizivele oluhlukile ezihlotsheni zalo eziseduze futhi kuye kwavela izilimi ezihlukahlukene zesifunda. Incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngolimi lwesitatar yanyatheliswa ngo-1584, enesihloko esithi "Divân-i lügati 't-türk". Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, Ulimi lwesitatar luye lwaqashelwa Ngezinga elihlukahlukene Umbuso waserussia bese kuba Isoviet Union. Yanikezwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Etatarstan ngesikhathi Sesoviet, kodwa yabhekana nokucindezelwa ngesikhathi sikastalin. Ngo-1989, izinhlamvu zamagama zesitatar zashintshwa zisuka Olimini Lwesicyrillic zaya Olimini Lwesilatini kwathi Ngo-1998, Iriphabhuliki yasetatarstan yamemezela ukuthi ulimi lwesitatar luwulimi olusemthethweni. Namuhla, lolu limi lusakhulunywa abantu Abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 Erussia, ikakhulukazi emphakathini wamatatar.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesitatar?

1. Ugabdulla tukay (18501913): imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yasetatar owabhala ngezilimi zase-Uzbek, isirashiya nesitatar futhi waba nesandla ekwandiseni ulimi nezincwadi zesitatar.
2. U-Äläskärä mirgäzizi (wekhulu le-17): umbhali ongumtatar owabhala uhlelo lolimi oluyingqopha-mlando lolimi lwesitatar futhi kuthiwa nguye owasungula isitayela esiyingqayizivele sokubhala izinkondlo.
3. Utegähirä Askänavi (18851951): isazi sezilimi nesitatar ucwaningo lwaso ngolimi lwesitatar lwalubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwalo.
4. Umäxämmädiar zarnäkäev (ngekhulu le-19): umbhali wesitatar kanye nembongi eyabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesitatar sanamuhla futhi yasiza ekuvumelaniseni ulimi lwesitatar.
5. U-Ildär faizi (1926-2007): umbhali nomlobi wezindaba wasetatar owabhala izindaba eziningi nezincwadi ngesitatar futhi waba negalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulimi lwezincwadi lwesitatar.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesitatar sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesitatar sihlelekile, sinendlela ejwayelekile yokuhlanganisa. Inamacala amane (okubizwa ngegama, okubizwa ngegama, okubizwa ngegama kanye nokubizwa kwegama) kanye nobulili obuthathu (obesilisa, obesifazane, nobungathathi.). Izenzo zihlanganiswa umuntu, inombolo, nesimo sengqondo, futhi amagama ayancipha ngesimo, ubulili, nenombolo. Ulimi lunesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokubeka amagama nezinhlayiya ezingabonisa izici ezinjengesici, isiqondiso, nendlela.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Tatar ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Makeiseka ukuthi unayo ukufinyelela material quality-Kukhona eziningi omuhle kakhulu tatar ulimi learning imithombo kuyatholakala inthanethi futhi ezitolo zezincwadi, ngakhoureiseka ukuthi ukufinyelela material best kungenzeka.
2. Zijwayeze alfabhethi-Njengoba Tatar kulotshiwe cyrillic script ,ureiseka ukuthi ujwayelene alfabhethi esiyingqayizivele ngaphambi ungena ekufundeni ulimi.
3. Funda pronunciation and stress-Tatar isebenzisa uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi izinguquko onkamisa nokugcizelela on imisho, kanjalo abenza pronunciation yakho futhi bafunde ukuqaphela umehluko phakathi onkamisa kugcizelelwe futhi unstressed.
4. Ukujwayelana nemithetho eyisisekelo yohlelo lolimi nesakhiwo – ukuqonda kahle uhlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo nesakhiwo somusho kuyisihluthulelo uma kuziwa ekufundeni noma yiluphi ulimi.
5. Lalela, watch and funda-Ukulalela, ukubukela nokufunda in Tatar kuzokusiza ukuba uthole ukujwayela umsindo ulimi, kanye akunike umkhuba silulumagama nemishwana.
6. Yiba nezingxoxo-Ukuba nezingxoxo njalo nomuntu okhuluma isitatar kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Zama ukukhuluma kancane futhi ngokucacile ekuqaleni futhi ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha.