Daniel Van Zaarge Isilatvia Humusha

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi oluyingqayizivele lomndeni wezilimi Zasefinland-Ugric futhi lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi ngabantu abancane Basemari Abahlala ezifundeni Zaserussia, E-Estonia Nasefinland. Nakuba kuwulimi oluncane, Isimari Sasentabeni sibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwabantu basemari Basentabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokugxila okwandayo ekulondolozeni lolu limi ngokusebenzisa imizamo efana nehill Mari translation services.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokubaluleka okwandayo Kwehill Mari njengophawu lobunikazi bezamasiko, kanye nokutholakala kabanzi kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha online. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumusha imibhalo ebalulekile nezincwadi ezibhalwe Ngesimari Sasehill kwezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, zingasetshenziselwa ukudala imibhalo engezansi yamafilimu noma imibukiso yethelevishini enabalingisi Basehill Mari, noma ukwenza izincwadi zolimi lwasehill Mari zitholakale kubantu abangakhulumi lolu limi. Zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumushela Imibhalo ebalulekile njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa, imibhalo engokomthetho, ngisho nezincwadi zesikole Ehill Mari. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusetshenziswa, izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zehill Mari zingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza izingane ezifunda ukukhuluma ulimi noma ukuthuthukisa izichazamazwi nezincwadi zohlelo Lolimi Ehill Mari.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zinikeza inkonzo ebalulekile ekulondolozeni lolu limi olubalulekile. Ngokwenza izincwadi, amafilimu, neminye imibhalo ebalulekile Yasehill Mari itholakale ngezinye izilimi, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuhlanganyela nabantu abavela emasikweni nasezizindeni ezihlukile kwezabo. Ngokunikeza Izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zasehill Mari, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe babhekana nalolu limi oluthakazelisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukulondolozwa kwalo esikhathini esizayo.

Yiliphi izwe Lapho Kukhulunywa khona Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasezintabeni lukhulunywa Erussia Nasebelarus.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic olukhulunywa abantu Basemari Baserussia. Lolu limi lwaqala ukubhalwa phakathi nekhulu le-17 lapho abahloli bamazwe nezazi zaserussia beqala ukwenza ukulandisa kokuhamba kwabantu Basemari kuleyo ndawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izazi zezilimi zaqala ukuqhubeka zibhala ngalolu limi futhi zenza ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwaziwa phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi nokubusa Kwesoviet, lolu limi lwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthandeni njengoba lwalufundiswa ezikoleni futhi lusetshenziswa emibhalweni eminingi esemthethweni. Ngemva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa futhi abantu abaningi abasha bayalufunda futhi balusebenzise namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini Lwesimari Lwasehill?

1. Upavel chudinov-Isazi Sasemari Sasehill esabhala I-Encyclopedia yokuqala ephelele yolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill eyanyatheliswa ngo-1973.
2. Upavel pentkov-Umbhali we-Two dictionary of The Hill Mari language, enye yazo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2003 kanti enye ngo-2017.
3. Utatiana rudina-Umdali Wezifundo zokuqala zolimi Lwasehill Mari zokufundisa izingane.
4. Uyury makarov isazi sezilimi Sasemari Sasehill esadala Incwadi yokuqala Yesimari Yasehill Ngo-1983.
5. U - Anna Kuznetsova-Umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ze-Hill Mari grammar, izichazamazwi nezinto zokufundisa.

Ulimi Lwasehill Mari lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill lungolwesi-Uralic, futhi ikakhulukazi lungolwesivolga-finnic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lwakha amagama ngokungeza izijobelelo esiqwini segama ukuze kuvezwe ubudlelwane bohlelo lolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngomongo nesijobelelo esingeziwe, isiqu esifanayo singasho "incwadi", "izincwadi", noma "ukufunda incwadi". Ibuye isebenzise ukuvumelana konkamisa, inqubo yomsindo edinga ukuba onkamisa abathile bashintshe amagama ukuze balondoloze iphethini ethile. Akukho mehluko wobulili olimini Lwasehill Mari futhi kubhekwa njengokulondolozeka kakhulu kunezinye izilimi Zasefinland-Ugric ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lamagama abolekiwe avela kweminye imindeni yezilimi.

Indlela ukufunda Ulimi Hill Mari ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isikhulumi bomdabu Entabeni Mari ulimi: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ukucwilisa wena kuwo. Khuluma Nesikhulumi Sendabuko Sasehill Mari ukuze uthole ukuqonda kohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nesigama.
2. Funda alfabhethi: Ngaphambi ungaqala ukufunda amagama amasha nemishwana, kubalulekile ukuba ujwayelane Hill Mari alfabhethi.
3. Start ngamazwi alula nemishwana: Gxila ngekhanda amagama ayisisekelo afana nemibala, izinombolo, izinsuku zesonto, nemishwana elula efana nokuthi "sawubona", "sawubona", nokuthi" ngicela "nokuthi" ngiyabonga.”
4. Thatha Ikilasi Lolimi Lwesimari: Uma litholakala endaweni yakho, cabanga ngokubhalisa ekilasini lolimi Lwesimari Noma esifundweni solimi esiku-inthanethi. Thola uma kukhona amanyuvesi endawo anikeza izifundo ngokukhethekile zolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill.
5. Prakthiza njalo: Ukuvumelana kuyisihluthulelo lapho ufunda ulimi olusha. Zama ukuzijayeza nsuku zonke futhi uthole izindlela ukufaka ulimi ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Lalela Hill mari umculo ubuke Hill Mari amabhayisikobho noma imibukiso ukuze sithathe amazwi ezivamile nemishwana.

Ilatvia yisizwe esincane esisenyakatho-mpumalanga Yeyurophu, Olwandle Ibaltic. Nakuba isilatvia siwulimi lwaso olusemthethweni, isingisi sisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi siyaqondwa kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Lokhu kwenza kudingeke ukuba abantu abaningi basebenzise izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesilatvia ukuze baxhumane futhi benze ibhizinisi Elatvia.

Isilatvia siwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu lwegatsha Lasebaltic. Inokufana okuningi nesilithuania futhi ngezinga elithile, isijalimane. Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kwakukhulunywa isilatvia nesirashiya Elatvia. Nokho, namuhla, ngenxa yokuzimela Kwelatvia, isilatvia yilona limi olusemthethweni kuphela.

Isilatvia asiwona ulimi olukhulunywa kabanzi ngaphandle Kwelatvia ngakho-ke, izinhlangano eziningi zidinga izinsizakalo zokuhumusha eziqinisekisiwe zaselatvia lapho zisebenza ngemibhalo yaselatvia nokubhalisana. Abahumushi bomdabu baselatvia abangochwepheshe banganikeza ukuhumusha okunembile kwamanothi ayinkimbinkimbi, imibhalo namaphepha asemthethweni kusuka olimini lwesilatvia kuya esingisini noma okuphambene nalokho.

Ngaphezu kokunikeza ukunemba nekhwalithi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zaselatvia eziqeqeshiwe ziyaqonda isiko kanye nemininingwane yolimi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo ohunyushiwe unamathela ngokuqinile kokwangempela. Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo lapho uhumushela kolunye ulimi, njengoba kusiza ekulondolozeni incazelo yokuqala nomongo.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zaselatvia zihlanganisa ukuhumusha kwezokwelapha, ezomthetho, ezobuchwepheshe, ezobuciko nezamawebhusayithi, kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo kwesoftware. Kunconywa ukuqasha umhumushi certified uma ubhekene imibhalo ebucayi ezifana amaphepha zomthetho, imibiko yezimali inkampani kanye namarekhodi medical In Latvia. I-ejensi enhle yokuhumusha yaselatvia izoqinisekisa ukuthi amadokhumenti akho ahunyushwa ngokunembile ochwepheshe abanolwazi futhi akhululwe kuwe ngesikhathi.

Ekuphetheni, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesilatvia ziye zaba ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba isidingo sokuxhumana nokuqonda okunembile phakathi kwamazwe sikhula. Ukuba nabahumushi bomdabu baselatvia abangochwepheshe kuyasiza emabhizinisini, kanye nakubantu abafuna ukuhamba noma ukuhlala Elatvia.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa elatvia?

Isilatvia siwulimi olusemthethweni Elatvia futhi sikhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zase-Estonia, Erussia, Ekazakhstan Nase-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesilatvia?

Ulimi lwesilatvia luwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu oluphakathi kwezilimi zasebaltic. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane sikhulunywa esifundeni Saselatvia, futhi siwulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe.
Imibhalo yokuqala yesilatvia eyabhalwa isukela emuva ekhulwini le-16, enezici zolimi ezivezwe emibhalweni enjengenguqulo Yebhayibheli Kamartin luther. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18 kuqhubeke, isilatvia sasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zemfundo, iphephandaba lokuqala lanyatheliswa ngalolu limi ngo-1822.
Phakathi nekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isilatvia sabhekana nenkathi yokuguqulwa kolimi okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolimi nokucebisa amagama words ngamagama abolekwe kwezinye izilimi Zaseyurophu. Ngemva kokuthola inkululeko, isilatvia samenyezelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lwaselatvia ngo-1989.
Ngaphezu kokukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,4 Elatvia, isilatvia sisetshenziswa nasemazweni likeengerussia, I-Australia, I-United Kingdom, Icanada, i-United states Nejalimane.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesilatvia?

1. Ukrišjānis Barons (18351923) - isazi sezinkolelo-ze saselatvia, isazi sezilimi, nesazi sezilimi esibhekwa njengesivumelanisa ulimi lwesilatvia lwanamuhla.
2. Ujanis Endzelīns (18601933) isazi sezilimi esivelele saselatvia, okuthiwa nguye owasungula umthetho ojwayelekile nohlelo lolimi lwesilatvia.
3. U-Andrejs Eglītis (18861942) - owokuqala waselatvia ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela kwezolimi, waba nesandla ekubhaleni indlela yokubhala yaselatvia.
4. U - august deglavs (18931972) - umbhali waselatvia onethonya kanye nembongi, owaba nendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni isiko laselatvia.
5. Uvaldis muktupāvels (1910 1986) isazi sezilimi esivelele saselatvia, wayengomunye wabakhi abakhulu besistimu yamanje yokubhala ulimi lwesilatvia nemithetho yokupela.

Ulimi lwesilatvia lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesilatvia siwulimi olushintshashintshayo olufana nezinye izilimi Zasebaltic ezifana nesilithuania Nesiprussia Esidala. Inesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama, ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi, nezakhi zokwakheka ezinjengobulili, izinombolo, namacala. Isilatvia sibonakala nangamazinga aphakeme okuhlelwa kwemisindo, ukugcizelela, nokushintsha komsindo. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo sayo, isilatvia silandela uhlelo LWE-svo (Isihloko-Isenzo-Into).

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Latvian ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1.Beg ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo: Start ngokuzijwayeza izinhlamvu zamagama, ukubiza amagama okuyisisekelo (amathiphu lapha), kanye nohlelo lolimi olubalulekile (amathiphu amaningi lapha).
2.Thola incwadi: izincwadi Eziningana ziyatholakala ukukusiza ufunde isilatvia; lokhu kuhle ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ulimi olubhaliwe, nemishwana evamile. Izincwadi ezimbalwa ezinconywayo ziyi - 'Essential latvian',' Latvian: An Essential Grammar 'ne - 'Learn latvian In 10 Minutes A Day'.
3.Thatha inkambo: Bhalisela inkambo noma uthole umfundisi ukukusiza ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nokuzwa ulimi. Amanyuvesi amaningi, izikole nabafundisi abazimele banikeza amakilasi nezifundo zomuntu ngamunye ngesilatvia.
4.Lalela umculo waselatvia futhi ubuke I-TV yaselatvia: Ukulalela umculo ngesilatvia kungakusiza ukuba uthathe umculo wolimi namaphethini omculo. Ukubukela IZINHLELO ZE-TV namafilimu aselatvia kungakunika isingeniso esikweni.
5.Prakthiza izingxoxo: Once ubhekene ukhululekile ne eziyisisekelo, zama ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni izikhulumi bomdabu. Uma kungekho izikhulumi bomdabu Latvian eduze nawe, sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana Tandem noma Ukhulume ukuzijayeza nabalingani abavela emhlabeni wonke.