Daniel Van Zaarge Isimalay Humusha

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi oluyingqayizivele lomndeni wezilimi Zasefinland-Ugric futhi lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi ngabantu abancane Basemari Abahlala ezifundeni Zaserussia, E-Estonia Nasefinland. Nakuba kuwulimi oluncane, Isimari Sasentabeni sibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwabantu basemari Basentabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokugxila okwandayo ekulondolozeni lolu limi ngokusebenzisa imizamo efana nehill Mari translation services.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokubaluleka okwandayo Kwehill Mari njengophawu lobunikazi bezamasiko, kanye nokutholakala kabanzi kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha online. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumusha imibhalo ebalulekile nezincwadi ezibhalwe Ngesimari Sasehill kwezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, zingasetshenziselwa ukudala imibhalo engezansi yamafilimu noma imibukiso yethelevishini enabalingisi Basehill Mari, noma ukwenza izincwadi zolimi lwasehill Mari zitholakale kubantu abangakhulumi lolu limi. Zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumushela Imibhalo ebalulekile njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa, imibhalo engokomthetho, ngisho nezincwadi zesikole Ehill Mari. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusetshenziswa, izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zehill Mari zingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza izingane ezifunda ukukhuluma ulimi noma ukuthuthukisa izichazamazwi nezincwadi zohlelo Lolimi Ehill Mari.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zinikeza inkonzo ebalulekile ekulondolozeni lolu limi olubalulekile. Ngokwenza izincwadi, amafilimu, neminye imibhalo ebalulekile Yasehill Mari itholakale ngezinye izilimi, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuhlanganyela nabantu abavela emasikweni nasezizindeni ezihlukile kwezabo. Ngokunikeza Izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zasehill Mari, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe babhekana nalolu limi oluthakazelisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukulondolozwa kwalo esikhathini esizayo.

Yiliphi izwe Lapho Kukhulunywa khona Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasezintabeni lukhulunywa Erussia Nasebelarus.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic olukhulunywa abantu Basemari Baserussia. Lolu limi lwaqala ukubhalwa phakathi nekhulu le-17 lapho abahloli bamazwe nezazi zaserussia beqala ukwenza ukulandisa kokuhamba kwabantu Basemari kuleyo ndawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izazi zezilimi zaqala ukuqhubeka zibhala ngalolu limi futhi zenza ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwaziwa phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi nokubusa Kwesoviet, lolu limi lwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthandeni njengoba lwalufundiswa ezikoleni futhi lusetshenziswa emibhalweni eminingi esemthethweni. Ngemva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa futhi abantu abaningi abasha bayalufunda futhi balusebenzise namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini Lwesimari Lwasehill?

1. Upavel chudinov-Isazi Sasemari Sasehill esabhala I-Encyclopedia yokuqala ephelele yolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill eyanyatheliswa ngo-1973.
2. Upavel pentkov-Umbhali we-Two dictionary of The Hill Mari language, enye yazo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2003 kanti enye ngo-2017.
3. Utatiana rudina-Umdali Wezifundo zokuqala zolimi Lwasehill Mari zokufundisa izingane.
4. Uyury makarov isazi sezilimi Sasemari Sasehill esadala Incwadi yokuqala Yesimari Yasehill Ngo-1983.
5. U - Anna Kuznetsova-Umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ze-Hill Mari grammar, izichazamazwi nezinto zokufundisa.

Ulimi Lwasehill Mari lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill lungolwesi-Uralic, futhi ikakhulukazi lungolwesivolga-finnic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lwakha amagama ngokungeza izijobelelo esiqwini segama ukuze kuvezwe ubudlelwane bohlelo lolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngomongo nesijobelelo esingeziwe, isiqu esifanayo singasho "incwadi", "izincwadi", noma "ukufunda incwadi". Ibuye isebenzise ukuvumelana konkamisa, inqubo yomsindo edinga ukuba onkamisa abathile bashintshe amagama ukuze balondoloze iphethini ethile. Akukho mehluko wobulili olimini Lwasehill Mari futhi kubhekwa njengokulondolozeka kakhulu kunezinye izilimi Zasefinland-Ugric ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lamagama abolekiwe avela kweminye imindeni yezilimi.

Indlela ukufunda Ulimi Hill Mari ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isikhulumi bomdabu Entabeni Mari ulimi: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ukucwilisa wena kuwo. Khuluma Nesikhulumi Sendabuko Sasehill Mari ukuze uthole ukuqonda kohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nesigama.
2. Funda alfabhethi: Ngaphambi ungaqala ukufunda amagama amasha nemishwana, kubalulekile ukuba ujwayelane Hill Mari alfabhethi.
3. Start ngamazwi alula nemishwana: Gxila ngekhanda amagama ayisisekelo afana nemibala, izinombolo, izinsuku zesonto, nemishwana elula efana nokuthi "sawubona", "sawubona", nokuthi" ngicela "nokuthi" ngiyabonga.”
4. Thatha Ikilasi Lolimi Lwesimari: Uma litholakala endaweni yakho, cabanga ngokubhalisa ekilasini lolimi Lwesimari Noma esifundweni solimi esiku-inthanethi. Thola uma kukhona amanyuvesi endawo anikeza izifundo ngokukhethekile zolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill.
5. Prakthiza njalo: Ukuvumelana kuyisihluthulelo lapho ufunda ulimi olusha. Zama ukuzijayeza nsuku zonke futhi uthole izindlela ukufaka ulimi ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Lalela Hill mari umculo ubuke Hill Mari amabhayisikobho noma imibukiso ukuze sithathe amazwi ezivamile nemishwana.

Malay Translation: Ithuluzi Ebalulekile Amabhizinisi

Ezimakethe zanamuhla zomhlaba wonke, ukufinyelela ekuhumusheni imibhalo ngezilimi eziningi kubalulekile kumabhizinisi afuna ukufinyelela izethameli ezibanzi zomhlaba wonke. Ukuhumusha isimalay kuyithuluzi elinamandla elingasiza amabhizinisi ukuba angene ezimakethe ezintsha futhi asebenzise amathuba emazweni emhlabeni wonke.

Isimalay, esaziwa Nangokuthi Isimalaysian noma Isibahasa melayu, siyingxenye yolimi lwase-Austronesia futhi sikhulunywa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 Emalaysia, Indonesia, Singapore Nasebrunei. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Emalaysia futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Nasebrunei Nasesingapore. Ngenxa yalokho, kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amabhizinisi akwazi ukunikeza imibhalo nokuxhumana ngolimi Lwesimalay.

Ukuba nezinguqulo ezinembile ezimelela ngokunembile umbhalo wokuqala oyisisekelo kubalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi eliya emazweni akhuluma Isimalay. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inguqulo ehunyushiwe idlulisela incazelo ehlosiwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Basemalay basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi zonke izinguqulo zilungile futhi zidlulisela umyalezo ofanele ezilalelini ezihlosiwe.

Ukusebenzisa abahumushi abangochwepheshe Besimalay kubalulekile emabhizinisini afuna ukuphumelela kulezi zimakethe. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Basemalay banolwazi olujulile ngolimi namasiko ahlobene nalo futhi bayokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguqulo abazinikezayo ziyiqiniso futhi ziyasebenza. Baqonda umongo wamasiko futhi banganikeza iseluleko sendlela yokuveza imibono kangcono ngolimi.

Ukuhumushela imibhalo Olimini Lwesimalay kudinga nokuzivumelanisa namasiko. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqonda ama-nuances amasiko nokuvumelanisa umbhalo ukuze uhambisane nomongo wamasiko. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Besimalay bajwayelene nendlela imiqondo ethile evezwa ngayo ngolimi futhi bangakwazi ukuvumelanisa umbhalo nezithameli ezihlukahlukene.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha Isimalay kuyithuluzi elinamandla lamabhizinisi afuna ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezintsha. Nakuba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguqulo zinembile futhi ziyasebenza, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuba uqaphele umongo wamasiko lapho uhumushela imibhalo olimini. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Basemalay banolwazi ngolimi futhi banganikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifanelekile ngokwenkolo. Ngosizo lwabo, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi axhumana ngokuphumelelayo futhi athola indawo ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.

Yimaphi amazwe Olimi Lwesimalay olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isimalay sikhulunywa ikakhulukazi Emalaysia, E-Indonesia, Ebrunei, Esingapore naseningizimu Yethailand.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesimalay?

Ulimi Lwesimalay luwulimi lwase-Austronesia olukhulunywa abantu Basenhlonhlweni Yasemalay, engxenyeni eseningizimu Yethailand nasezingxenyeni ezisogwini olusenyakatho Yesumatra. Ibuye isetshenziswe Ebrunei, Empumalanga Malaysia nasezingxenyeni zasephilippines. Kukholakala ukuthi ulimi Lwesimalay lwaqala cishe ngekhulu lesi-2 bc, lwaqala ngolimi Lweproto-malayo-Polynesian olwaqala ukusakazeka endaweni yasemalacca Straits. Umbhalo omdala kunayo yonke owaziwayo Wesimalay, otholakala etsheni elivela esifundeni Saseterengganu, uqala ngonyaka ka-1303 A. D.
Ekhulwini le-19, ulimi Lwesimalay lwasungulwa emakoloni Asebrithani Asesingapore Nasepenang ngabahwebi abavela Enhlonhlweni Yasemalay. Phakathi nenkathi yamakoloni, Abasebrithani basungula uhlobo olubhaliwe lolimi olwalusekelwe ekubhaleni kwamadashi, olubizwa ngokuthi Irumi. Lolu hlobo lokubhala lusasetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni akhuluma Isimalay namuhla.
Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ulimi Lwesimalay lwabhekana nokulinganiswa ngemizamo Yedewan bahasa dan pustaka (dbp), okuyisikhungo sezilimi sikazwelonke Sasemalaysia. I-dbp yasungula ulimi lwesimanje lwezincwadi, olwaziwa ngokuthi Ibahasa malaysia namuhla. Lolu limi selululwimi olusemthethweni Emalaysia, futhi lukhulunywa kabanzi Esingapore, Ebrunei, Empumalanga Malaysia Nasephilippines.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesimalay?

1. Uraja.haji-imisebenzi Yakhe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi Lwesimalay.
2. Umunshi Abdullah-isazi esivelele sasenkantolo Yasemalay sekhulu le-19 esabhala Istilah-istilah Melayu (Amagama Esimalay).
3. Urosli klong-wayengumqondisi wokuthuthukiswa kolimi Lwesimalay lwanamuhla, ngemisebenzi yakhe echaza ifomu lalo elijwayelekile.
4. Uzainal Abidin Ahmad-owaziwa nangokuthi Upak Zain, waba nesandla ekukhiqizeni imisebenzi efana Nekamus dewan bahasa dan pustaka (Isichazamazwi Solimi Nezincwadi Zikazwelonke) Kanye Namazinga Asemalaysia Bahasa malaysia.
5. U-Usman Awang-imisebenzi Yakhe efana Nepantun melayu (izinkondlo zendabuko Zasemalay) ibhekwa njengeziyingqopha-mlando zesiko Lamamalay.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesimalay sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesimalay luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lulandela isakhiwo lapho amagama akhiwa khona izakhi ngazinye ezakha iyunithi eyodwa. Lezi zakhi, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-morpheme, zingaqukatha ukwaziswa ngencazelo, ukwakheka nokubizwa kwegama, futhi zingangezwa, zisuswe noma zishintshwe ukuze zidlulisele izincazelo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi ' makan 'lisho' ukudla', kodwa ukwengezwa kwe-morpheme' - nya 'kushintsha igama libe' makannya', okusho ukuthi' eyakhe ' enencazelo efanayo. Ubuhlobo bohlelo lolimi buvezwa ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelana kwamagama esikhundleni sokuguqulwa, Futhi Isimalay sinesakhiwo semisho esiqondile.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Malay ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda amagama ayisisekelo nemishwana. Zijwayeze ulimi Lwesimalay ngokusebenzisa imithombo ethandwayo efana nezifundo eziku-inthanethi, izincwadi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi.
2. Lalela izingxoxo noma ukubukela amabhayisikobho nemibukiso In Malay ukuze uthole ukuqonda ukugeleza kolimi yemvelo kanye isigqi.
3. Prakthiza ukubhala nokukhuluma Malay nge isikhulumi bomdabu. Ungasebenzisa ingxoxo exchange amawebhusayithi noma uthole umlingani ulimi.
4. Tadisha lolimi Malay kanye nemithetho. Funda izincwadi, sebenzisa tutorials inthanethi kanye umkhuba izivivinyo.
5. Inselelo ngokwakho ngokufunda izincwadi nezihloko ezibhalwe Malay. Zama isandla sakho ekubhaleni izindaba ezimfishane noma blog izikhala In Malay.
6. Gcina ngokwakho ugqozi ngokubeka imigomo futhi ethungatha intuthuko yakho. Gubha impumelelo yakho futhi ungadikibali uma wenza amaphutha.
7. Gxila olimini Lwesimalay. Thola abangane abakhuluma Isimalay futhi bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni. Vakashela Emalaysia noma kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe Lapho Kukhulunywa Khona Isimalay.