Daniel Van Zaarge Ikazakh Humusha

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi oluyingqayizivele lomndeni wezilimi Zasefinland-Ugric futhi lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi ngabantu abancane Basemari Abahlala ezifundeni Zaserussia, E-Estonia Nasefinland. Nakuba kuwulimi oluncane, Isimari Sasentabeni sibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwabantu basemari Basentabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokugxila okwandayo ekulondolozeni lolu limi ngokusebenzisa imizamo efana nehill Mari translation services.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokubaluleka okwandayo Kwehill Mari njengophawu lobunikazi bezamasiko, kanye nokutholakala kabanzi kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha online. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumusha imibhalo ebalulekile nezincwadi ezibhalwe Ngesimari Sasehill kwezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, zingasetshenziselwa ukudala imibhalo engezansi yamafilimu noma imibukiso yethelevishini enabalingisi Basehill Mari, noma ukwenza izincwadi zolimi lwasehill Mari zitholakale kubantu abangakhulumi lolu limi. Zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumushela Imibhalo ebalulekile njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa, imibhalo engokomthetho, ngisho nezincwadi zesikole Ehill Mari. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusetshenziswa, izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zehill Mari zingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza izingane ezifunda ukukhuluma ulimi noma ukuthuthukisa izichazamazwi nezincwadi zohlelo Lolimi Ehill Mari.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zinikeza inkonzo ebalulekile ekulondolozeni lolu limi olubalulekile. Ngokwenza izincwadi, amafilimu, neminye imibhalo ebalulekile Yasehill Mari itholakale ngezinye izilimi, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuhlanganyela nabantu abavela emasikweni nasezizindeni ezihlukile kwezabo. Ngokunikeza Izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zasehill Mari, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe babhekana nalolu limi oluthakazelisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukulondolozwa kwalo esikhathini esizayo.

Yiliphi izwe Lapho Kukhulunywa khona Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasezintabeni lukhulunywa Erussia Nasebelarus.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic olukhulunywa abantu Basemari Baserussia. Lolu limi lwaqala ukubhalwa phakathi nekhulu le-17 lapho abahloli bamazwe nezazi zaserussia beqala ukwenza ukulandisa kokuhamba kwabantu Basemari kuleyo ndawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izazi zezilimi zaqala ukuqhubeka zibhala ngalolu limi futhi zenza ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwaziwa phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi nokubusa Kwesoviet, lolu limi lwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthandeni njengoba lwalufundiswa ezikoleni futhi lusetshenziswa emibhalweni eminingi esemthethweni. Ngemva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa futhi abantu abaningi abasha bayalufunda futhi balusebenzise namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini Lwesimari Lwasehill?

1. Upavel chudinov-Isazi Sasemari Sasehill esabhala I-Encyclopedia yokuqala ephelele yolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill eyanyatheliswa ngo-1973.
2. Upavel pentkov-Umbhali we-Two dictionary of The Hill Mari language, enye yazo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2003 kanti enye ngo-2017.
3. Utatiana rudina-Umdali Wezifundo zokuqala zolimi Lwasehill Mari zokufundisa izingane.
4. Uyury makarov isazi sezilimi Sasemari Sasehill esadala Incwadi yokuqala Yesimari Yasehill Ngo-1983.
5. U - Anna Kuznetsova-Umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ze-Hill Mari grammar, izichazamazwi nezinto zokufundisa.

Ulimi Lwasehill Mari lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill lungolwesi-Uralic, futhi ikakhulukazi lungolwesivolga-finnic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lwakha amagama ngokungeza izijobelelo esiqwini segama ukuze kuvezwe ubudlelwane bohlelo lolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngomongo nesijobelelo esingeziwe, isiqu esifanayo singasho "incwadi", "izincwadi", noma "ukufunda incwadi". Ibuye isebenzise ukuvumelana konkamisa, inqubo yomsindo edinga ukuba onkamisa abathile bashintshe amagama ukuze balondoloze iphethini ethile. Akukho mehluko wobulili olimini Lwasehill Mari futhi kubhekwa njengokulondolozeka kakhulu kunezinye izilimi Zasefinland-Ugric ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lamagama abolekiwe avela kweminye imindeni yezilimi.

Indlela ukufunda Ulimi Hill Mari ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isikhulumi bomdabu Entabeni Mari ulimi: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ukucwilisa wena kuwo. Khuluma Nesikhulumi Sendabuko Sasehill Mari ukuze uthole ukuqonda kohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nesigama.
2. Funda alfabhethi: Ngaphambi ungaqala ukufunda amagama amasha nemishwana, kubalulekile ukuba ujwayelane Hill Mari alfabhethi.
3. Start ngamazwi alula nemishwana: Gxila ngekhanda amagama ayisisekelo afana nemibala, izinombolo, izinsuku zesonto, nemishwana elula efana nokuthi "sawubona", "sawubona", nokuthi" ngicela "nokuthi" ngiyabonga.”
4. Thatha Ikilasi Lolimi Lwesimari: Uma litholakala endaweni yakho, cabanga ngokubhalisa ekilasini lolimi Lwesimari Noma esifundweni solimi esiku-inthanethi. Thola uma kukhona amanyuvesi endawo anikeza izifundo ngokukhethekile zolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill.
5. Prakthiza njalo: Ukuvumelana kuyisihluthulelo lapho ufunda ulimi olusha. Zama ukuzijayeza nsuku zonke futhi uthole izindlela ukufaka ulimi ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Lalela Hill mari umculo ubuke Hill Mari amabhayisikobho noma imibukiso ukuze sithathe amazwi ezivamile nemishwana.

Ukuhumusha isikazakh kuyinqubo ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe njengoba izwe liqhubeka liba nezwe lonke. Ngokwanda kwezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, kunesidingo esikhulu sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezinembile zesikazakh. Ukuhumushela isikazakh kwezinye izilimi futhi okuphambene nalokho kungaba inqubo enzima, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ulimi nohlelo lwayo lolimi, kanye nokwehluka kwamasiko phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kunikezwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Isikazakh siwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa kakhulu Ekazakhstan, kodwa futhi Nase-Uzbekistan, Echina, Ekyrgyzstan, Erussia nakwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi kwesoviet. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka sithonywe isi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesirashiya. Lolu limi lunezilimi ezine: Isi-Southern, Isi-Northern, Isi-southeastern nesi-Western. Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi ulimi oluhunyushwayo, imithetho ethile yohlelo lolimi nokusetshenziswa kwayo ingase ishintshe. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ulimi ngalunye ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokuhumusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzwela ama-nuances amasiko angathinta indlela ulimi olubonwa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ulimi olusemthethweni luvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuxoxwa ngezindaba zebhizinisi, kuyilapho ulimi olungakahleleki luvame ukukhethwa ezingxoxweni ezingavamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela iminyaka yomhumushi, njengoba abahumushi abasebasha bengase bangazi ngamagama amadala noma imishwana okungenzeka yayisetshenziswa emashumini eminyaka adlule.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuba abahumushi bajwayelane nezinhlamvu zamagama nohlelo lokubhala lolimi abaluhumushayo. Isikazakh siye sabhalwa ngezinhlamvu ezintathu ezihlukene, kodwa Isicyrillic sisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lunezimpawu zalo ezibhaliwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhunyushwa.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isikazakh kudinga ukuqonda ulimi, izilimi zalo, ama-nuances amasiko, nezinhlamvu zamagama. Ngokucabangela zonke lezi zici, abahumushi bangaqinisekisa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezidlulisela umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isikazakh?

Isikazakh siwulimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan, futhi sikhulunywa Naserussia nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasechina, E-Afghanistan, Eturkey Nasemongolia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesikazakh?

Umlando wolimi lwesikazakh uqala ngawo-1400 lapho lwaqala ukusetshenziswa njengolimi olubhaliwe phakathi kwezizwe ezikhuluma Isiturkic ezihlala emathafeni Ase-Asia Ephakathi. Kukholakala ukuthi amagama amaningi olimi lwesikazakh ayebolekwe kwezinye izilimi Zamaturkic, kanye nesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesirashiya. Ngekhulu le-18, ulimi lwesikazakh lwaluselululwimi olwalusetshenziswa Kakhulu Ekazakhstan, futhi ngemva kwenkathi Kastalin, lwaba ulimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan ngo-1996. Namuhla, kukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11, ikakhulukazi Ekazakhstan, E-Uzbekistan Naserussia.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesikazakh?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (18451904) owaziwa kabanzi Njengobaba wezincwadi Zesimanje zasekazakh, imbongi nesazi sefilosofi esethule isitayela esisha sezincwadi futhi senza ulimi lube sesikhathini samanje.
2. Umagzhan zhumabayev (18661938) - umbhali nomfundisi owenza umbhalo wesimanje wolimi lwesikazakh.
3. Umukhtar auezov (18971961) umbhali ovelele, umbhali wemidlalo, Kanye Nongqongqoshe wokuqala Wezemfundo Esoviet Kazakhstan, odunyiswa ngokuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ulimi lwesikazakh lwanamuhla.
4. Ugabit Musrepov (18941937) isazi sezilimi, uthisha, kanye nesazi sezinhlanga owaba negalelo lokuqala ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh.
5. U - yerlan nysanbayev (1903-1971) - umshisekeli wezinguquko zolimi nomsunguli wekazakh Academy Of Sciences owaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Kazakh?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh sihlanganisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-morpheme ngalinye elinencazelo eyodwa. Isikazakh naso sinomqondo we-ergative-absolutive, okusho ukuthi isihloko somusho ongaguquki kanye nento yomusho oguqukayo kungaboniswa ngefomu elifanayo. Lolu limi lunezici eziyisishiyagalolunye zamagama nezikhathi eziyisithupha zesenzo.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Kazakh ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Funda alfabhethi nendlela ukufunda, ukubhala futhi amazwi. 2. Tadisha uhlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo kanye nesakhiwo umusho. Ungathola izinsiza eziningi eziwusizo online. 3. Lalela umculo Kazakh futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho Kazakh kanye TV imibukiso ukuba bajwayelane ulimi olukhulunywayo. 4. Prakthiza nomfundisi noma isikhulumi bomdabu. Kubalulekile ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nokuzwa ulimi ukuze ukhulume kahle. 5. Keep nezifundo zakho. Beka eceleni isikhathi esithile usuku ngalunye ukuze basebenze ekutadisheni nasekusebenziseni ulimi. 6. Zicwilise emasikweni. Ukufunda izincwadi, ukulalela umculo, nokufunda ngendlela yokuphila yamakazakh kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde ulimi kangcono.