Ikhaya Isixhosa Humusha

Isitelugu siwulimi olusemthethweni esifundazweni Sasendiya I-Andhra Pradesh, futhi sikhulunywa izigidi zabantu Kulo Lonke Elasendiya, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasekarnataka, Etamil nadu Nasemaharashtra. Nokho, naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, ukuthola izinguqulo Zesitelugu kungaba inselele kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala phesheya.

Ngenhlanhla, manje kunezinketho eziningana ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthola izinguqulo ezisezingeni Eliphakeme Zesitelugu. Kukhona izinsizakalo zobungcweti ezinikeza ukuhunyushwa okunembile, okuqinisekisiwe kokubili kwemibhalo yebhizinisi neyomuntu siqu kusuka esingisini Kuya Esitelugu noma okuphambene nalokho. Lezi zinsizakalo zisebenzisa abahumushi abanolwazi abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibhalo ehunyushiwe igcina izinga elifanayo lokunemba nekhwalithi njengokuqukethwe kwasekuqaleni.

Kumabhizinisi, ukuthola izinguqulo Zesitelugu ezinembile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe. Kumelwe baqiniseke ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihunyushwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kufinyelelwe kangcono amakhasimende nabalingani abangaba khona ezweni. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuhumusha okunembile kuyobasiza ukuba bandise ngempumelelo ukufinyelela kwabo emakethe, kodwa futhi kuyosiza ekugwemeni ukungaqondani okungase kuholele emaphutheni abizayo.

Uma kuziwa kubantu abafuna ukuhumusha imibhalo yabo siqu, izinguqulo Zesitelugu zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abafuna ukufaka izicelo zama-visa, ukuba yisakhamuzi, imisebenzi, noma olunye uhlobo lwedokhumenti oludinga ukunemba ngokomthetho.

Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, ukuthola izinga izinguqulo Telugu kufanele njalo kuqala. Ngokukhetha izinsizakalo zobungcweti eziqasha abahumushi abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ngokufanayo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihunyushwa ngokunembile nangokomsebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa Kuwo Isitelugu?

Isitelugu sikhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya, lapho siwulimi olusemthethweni ezifundazweni Zase-Andhra Pradesh, Telangana Naseyanam. Kukhulunywa futhi yimiphakathi emincane ebalulekile ezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane Zasekarnataka, Tamil nadu, maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Nase-Odisha, futhi kukhulunywa iningi esifundazweni sasepuducherry, okuyisifundazwe sasendiya.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesitelugu?

Ulimi Lwesitelugu lwaqala ukuvela emisebenzini yezincwadi esekelwe Esisanskrit yekhulu le-10 futhi selokhu lwavela Kusuka Kutelugu Yakudala, Kuya Kutelugu Ephakathi bese kuba ulimi lwesitelugu lwanamuhla. Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Ngesitelugu iqala ngekhulu lesi-5 ad futhi yatholakala emihumeni Yase-Asrama esifundeni Sase-Anantapur e-Andhra Pradesh. Lolu limi lwalusetshenziselwa imibhalo engokomthetho neyezentengiselwano phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Esikhathini sasendulo, Isitelugu sasithonywe kakhulu yisanskrit nesiprakrit futhi izimbongi zangaleso sikhathi zabhala ngothando lwazo ngalolu limi. Izibonelo zalemisebenzi zihlanganisa Imahabharatam Kanannayya, Ibasava puranam Kapalkuriki Somana, Nerukmangada Charitra Katikkanna.
Phakathi nawo wonke ikhulu le-17 nele-18, izincwadi Zesitelugu zachuma, nababhali abanjengobhimi reddi, Upingali surana, U-Atukuri molla, Uchinnayasoori, Uparavastu Chinnayya Soori, Nokandukuri veeresalingam pantulu bonke benza iminikelo ebalulekile olimini nasezincwadini zalo. Ngo-1875, Iyunivesithi Yasemadras yaqala ukufundisa izincwadi Zesitelugu, okwenza kwaba iyunivesithi yokuqala Yasendiya ukwenza kanjalo.
Namuhla, Isitelugu siwulimi Lwesidravidian olukhulunywa kakhulu futhi singolunye lwezilimi Ezisemthethweni Zasendiya. Isetshenziswa kabanzi esifundazweni Sase-Andhra Pradesh nasezifundeni ezisemngceleni Wekarnataka, Tamil nadu Ne-Orissa, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasemaharashtra, Chhattisgarh Nasejharkhand.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesitelugu?

1. Uvemana: Uvemana uyimbongi edumile Yasetelugu, isazi semfihlakalo nesazi sefilosofi. Waziwa kakhulu ngezinkondlo zakhe ezicacile neziqondayo, ezibonisa izimfundiso Ze-Advaita vedanta. Uye waba negalelo elikhulu emasikweni nasezincwadini Zesitelugu.
2. Unannayya: Unannayya uyisazi sesisanskrit, isazi sohlelo lolimi nombhali owaphila ngekhulu le-11. Ubhekwa njengobaba wezincwadi zesitelugu njengoba kukholakala ukuthi wabhala izibonelo zokuqala zezincwadi Zesitelugu.
3. Utikkana Somayaji: Utikkana Somayaji wayengumbongi nomhlaziyi wasetelugu wekhulu le-14. Uhlonishwa ngokubhala Imahabharata Ngesitelugu, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Tikkana mahabharatamu'. Wabhala nezincazelo Zebhagavad gita,Ibhagavata purana, nama-Upanishad.
4. U-Annamacharya: U-Annamacharya uyimbongi ekhuthazayo futhi ungcwele owaphila ngekhulu le-15. Wabhala izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-32000 zokudumisa Inkosi Uvenkateswara Etirupati, ezaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi 'Sri Annamacharya sankirtanas'. Lezi zingoma zisaculwa emathempelini aseningizimu India nanamuhla.
5. Ucp Brown: Ucharles Philip brown Wayengudokotela Wasebrithani wase-Indologist kanye nesazi sezilimi esasebenza kakhulu ngolimi Lwesitelugu. Waqamba isichazamazwi sokuqala sesitelugu nesingisi futhi wahumusha izincwadi eziningana zakudala zisuka Esisanskrit Zaya Esitelugu. Umnikelo wakhe obalulekile olimini nasezincwadini Zesitelugu ukhunjulwa nanamuhla.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesitelugu sinjani?

Isitelugu siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokungeza izijobelelo esisekelweni noma emsukeni. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "inja" lithi "kukka" futhi igama elithi "izinja" lithi "kukkala."Ngokwesakhiwo, Isitelugu sinohlelo lwamagama LWE-vso (Isenzo-Isihloko-Into), futhi sisebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nangamacala. Inamacala amathathu ayinhloko: okuqondile, okuthambekele, nokuma kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinhlanganisela ezine zezenzi nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlonipha.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Telugu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesitelugu: kunezifundo eziningi eziku-inthanethi nezomuntu siqu ezitholakalayo ukukusiza ufunde Isitelugu. Bhalisa kwelinye ukuze uthole isingeniso olunzulu ulimi, okuyinto uzokulungiselela impumelelo.
2. Cwaninga Ngesitelugu sokuxoxa: ukuze ukwazi Ukukhuluma Isitelugu ngokushelelayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ulimi lusebenza kanjani esimweni sokuxoxa. In ngokulalela telugu izikhulumi bomdabu futhi umkhuba imishwana ephindaphindwayo emva kwabo.
3. Sebenzisa imithombo ukuzijayeza lolimi: Uma une ezingeni eliyisisekelo Telugu ingxoxo, uqale ukubheka izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kolimi, ezifana isenzo izikhathi kanye nesakhiwo umusho. Ukufunda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, futhi izihloko Telugu kuyindlela enkulu ukuzijayeza amakhono akho lolimi.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi: amawebhusayithi Amaningi anikeza imisebenzi yokufunda nolwazi ngolimi namasiko Esitelugu. Eck izinkundla zolimi Lwesitelugu ukuze uhlangane nabanye abafundi, uthole abalingani besifundo, bese ubuza imibuzo.
5. Zicwilise emasikweni: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi iwukuzicwilisa emasikweni. Lalela umculo Telugu, ukubukela amabhayisikobho, ukuya imicimbi kanye nemikhosi, futhi wenze ubungane telugu izikhulumi ukuba babe ngokushelelayo ngolimi.

Isixhosa siwulimi olusemthethweni Eningizimu Afrika, olukhulunywa izigidi zabantu bakulesi sifunda. Ingxenye yezilimi zamabantu futhi inezilimi eziningi. Kwabaningi, Isixhosa siwulimi okunzima ukulufunda; kodwa, singahunyushelwa kulabo abafisa ukuxhumana nabantu abakhuluma Isixhosa.

Kulabo abafuna ukuhumushela Isixhosa esingisini, isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umhumushi onekhono. Umhumushi kufanele abe nobuchwepheshe kuzo zombili izilimi kanye nokuqonda ama-nuances olimi. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhumusha.

Lapho ehumusha Isixhosa, umhumushi kufanele ajwayelane nezilimi ezihlukahlukene zesixhosa nohlelo lolimi oluhambisana naso. Lokhu kuyosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umbhalo ohunyushiwe uthembekile olimini oluwumthombo nasemasikweni.. Ngokuya ngomongo, ukuhumusha kungase kudingeke futhi kucabangele ukuzwela kwamasiko.

Izinguqulo eziningi zihlanganisa nokuthola okulingana kuzo zombili lezi zilimi. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ukuhumusha okungokoqobo kungasebenza, ngokuvamile umhumushi kudingeka acabangele incazelo yamagama futhi azame ukuthola okulingana nawo okudlulisela umyalezo ofanayo. Ngesixhosa, umhumushi kufanele anake ukusetshenziswa kwezaga nezisho, njengoba ezinye zazo zingenayo inguqulo eqondile ngesingisi.

Lapho kuhunyushwa Kusuka Olimini Lwesixhosa kuya esingisini, kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo zokusiza. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet ezinjenge-Google Translate ne-microsoft Translator zinikeza izinguqulo ezisheshayo zombhalo. Nokho, lezi zinsizakalo aziphelele futhi zingase zinganikezi izinguqulo ezinembile kakhulu.

Ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembe kakhudlwana, izinsizakalo ezinjengewordfluent zinganikeza abahumushi abangochwepheshe noma uhlelo lokuhumusha olusizwa ngekhompyutha (cat). I-wordfluent isebenzisa isimiso sesofthiwe esiyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ihlaziye umbhalo Wesixhosa futhi iwuhambisane nombhalo ofanayo ngesingisi. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi noma yimaphi ama-nuances amasiko ayacatshangelwa nokuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kufanelekile.

Noma iyiphi indlela yokuhumusha Isixhosa oyikhethayo, kufanele ucabangele ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhumusha okunembe kakhulu ngenhloso yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha indlela yesandla noma esizwa nge-computer, umhumushi kufanele abe nokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi lolimi Lwesixhosa nesingisi ukuze aphumelele ekuhumusheni. With the ubuchwepheshe ilungelo, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa Ukuthi ukuhumusha kwakhohosa uxhumana ngokunembile umyalezo wakho.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesixhosa olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isixhosa sikhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Eningizimu Afrika, futhi ngezinga elincane Ezimbabwe.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesixhosa?

Ulimi Lwesixhosa luwulimi Lwesinguni bantu lomndeni Waseniger-congo. Ingxenye Yeqembu Lezilimi Zaseningizimu Afrika, Kanye Nesizulu, Isiswati Nesindebele. Ulimi Lwesixhosa lunemvelaphi yasendulo, kodwa lwaqanjwa ngokusemthethweni ngekhulu le-19 izithunywa zevangeli Zaseyurophu. Kukholakala ukuthi ulimi Lwesixhosa lwavela Esifundazweni sasempumalanga Kapa Eningizimu Afrika cishe Ngekhulu lesi-5 ad. Ulimi Lwesixhosa nalo luhlanganyela izimpande zalo nezinye izilimi Zesinguni ezikhulunywa Eningizimu Afrika Nasezimbabwe, Njengesizulu nesiswati.
Isixhosa sithonywe kakhulu isidashi kusukela kwethulwa ulimi Lwesibhunu ngekhulu le-19, yize sigcine ifomu laso langempela. Ulimi Lwesixhosa lwalusetshenziswa Isizwe Samaxhosa ngaphambi kokuba sihlalwe Abantu baseyurophu futhi lwalungolunye lwezilimi zokuqala zomdabu ezaziwa njengolimi olubhaliwe. Ulimi Lwesixhosa luye lwaba nethonya elikhulu nakwezinye izilimi Zaseningizimu Afrika, futhi namuhla lungolunye lwezilimi eziyishumi nanye ezisemthethweni zezwe.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesixhosa?

1. Ujohn tengo Jabavu: isazi nomshicileli Waseningizimu Afrika owayesebenzela ukwenza izincwadi Zesixhosa zifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi.
2. Unontsizi mgqwetho: imbongi yasexhosa nesishoshovu esabhala izingcezu ezigcizelela isiko namalungelo abesifazane.
3. U-Enoch sontonga: umqambi wezingoma nombongi odunyiswa ngokubhala iculo lesizwe Laseningizimu Afrika, "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrica".
4. Usol Plaatje: uyilungu elisungula Isouth African native National congress (kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi I-African National congress) futhi ungowokuqala omnyama Waseningizimu Afrika ukubhala inoveli ngesingisi, enesihloko Esithi mhudi.
5. Umanzini Zinzo: Omunye wababhali bokuqala abangamaxhosa abasebenzisa ulimi olubhaliwe ukuqopha izindaba, izinganekwane nezingoma.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesixhosa sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesixhosa lunesakhiwo esiyisisekelo esivumelana kahle, futhi lwakhiwa amafonemu ayisithupha ahlukene: onkamisa, onkamisa, onkamisa abade, ama-diphthongs, ama-dipththongs y-y, nokuchofoza. Ulimi lusebenzisa ukuhleleka kwamagama esihloko-isenzo-into, futhi iningi lamagama lakhiwa ngokufaka iziqalo nezijobelelo. Futhi inohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezigaba zamagama nokuhlanganiswa kwamagama.

Indlela ukufunda ulimihosa ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola incwadi Xosa bese uqale ukutadisha kuso. Kunemithombo eminingi emihle laphaya, njengokuzifundisa Isixhosa nesixhosa Esibalulekile.
2. Thola i-online courseosa course noma tutorial. Kunezifundo eziningi zamahhala ezikuyi-internet ongazithatha, njengezifundo zolimi ze-bbc, Izilimi Zesibusuu nesimango.
3. Yenza abangane bomdabu Abakhuluma Isixhosa. Ukuxhumana nabantu abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana Tandem noma Ingxoxo Exchange ukuthola bomdabuhosa izikhulumi ukukhuluma.
4. Lalela umculo Xosa futhi ubukehosa movie. Ukulalela nokubuka kungenye indlela enhle yokufunda ulimi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekubizeni nasekuqondeni umongo wamasiko.
5. Prakthiza ukukhuluma Xosa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuzijwayeza ukulukhuluma. Bheka Xosa Meetups endaweni yakho, noma uthole ingxoxo buddy online ukuzijayeza.