Isibulgaria Isi-Udmurt Humusha

Isingeniso

Ibulgaria inolimi namasiko ayingqayizivele ayigugu kakhulu. Isibulgaria siwulimi Lwaseningizimu Slavic futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, iye yathandwa abantu abahlala ngaphandle kwebulgaria abanesithakazelo ekufundeni lolu limi nasekusebenziseni izinzuzo eziningi ezilunikezayo. Ngokwanda kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nokwanda kokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe, ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zokuhumusha zesibulgaria kuye kwaba okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe.

Umlando Wokuhunyushwa kwesibulgaria

Ulimi lwesibulgaria lwaqala ngekhulu lesi-9 lapho lwethulwa Amaproto-bulgarian njengengxenye yokwanda kwawo esifundeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibulgaria saqala ukusakazeka futhi ekugcineni saba ulimi olusemthethweni Lwe-Principality Of bulgaria ngo-1878. Ngemva Kwempi Yezwe II, lolu limi lwaqhubeka lukhula futhi lwaba ulimi olusemthethweni Lwepeople ' s Republic Of bulgaria ngo-1946.

Namuhla, isibulgaria siwulimi olusemthethweni Ebulgaria futhi siwulimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union. Kukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-11 Ebulgaria nakwezinye izindawo Ebalkans kanye nemiphakathi eminingi yabafuduki emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zifunwa kakhulu ukuze kunikezwe ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwabantu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene.

Izinzuzo Zokuhumusha isibulgaria

Ukuhumushela imibhalo olimini lwesibulgaria kungaba usizo kakhulu emabhizinisini anamakhasimende noma abalingani abakhuluma lolu limi. Ukuhumusha izinto zokumaketha namawebhusayithi ngesibulgaria kungasiza izinkampani ukuba zifinyelele izethameli ezibanzi futhi zakhe ubudlelwano namakhasimende angaba khona esifundeni. Kungasiza namabhizinisi ukuba akhe ukwethembana phakathi kwabantu ababhekiswe kubo ngokudlulisela umyalezo wokuthi ayaqonda futhi ahloniphe ulimi namasiko abantu azama ukufinyelela kubo. Ngokuthola izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezinembile nezithembekile, amabhizinisi angathola ukuqonda okungcono kwamakhasimende awo futhi andise amathuba okuphumelela emakethe yasebulgaria.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenani elandayo labokufika Abavela Ebulgaria, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana okubushelelezi phakathi kwabantu abavela emasikweni ahlukahlukene. Ukuhumushela imibhalo yezokwelapha, izivumelwano, nezinye izinhlobo ezisemthethweni olimini lwesibulgaria kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke umuntu ohilelekile uyayiqonda le ncwadi futhi idluliselwa ngokunembile. Ekugcineni, ukuhumushela imibhalo olimini lwesibulgaria kungasiza ekulondolozeni ulimi namasiko abantu abakhuluma isibulgaria.

Isiphetho

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesibulgaria zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe. Lezi zinsizakalo zingaba usizo kumabhizinisi afuna ukufinyelela izethameli ezibanzi futhi akhe ubudlelwano namakhasimende angaba khona esifundeni, kanye nakubantu abafudukayo abadinga usizo lokwenza lula ukuxhumana okubushelelezi phakathi kwamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo ezingokoqobo,ukuba nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezinembile nezithembekile kungasiza ekulondolozeni ulimi namasiko abantu abakhuluma isibulgaria.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesibulgaria?

Ulimi lwesibulgaria lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi Ebulgaria, kodwa lukhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe Afana Neserbia, Imontenegro, Inyakatho Macedonia, Iromania, I-Ukraine Neturkey, kanye nemiphakathi emincane yasebulgaria emhlabeni jikelele.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesibulgaria?

Ulimi lwesibulgaria lunomlando omude futhi ohlukahlukene. Kukholakala ukuthi yaqala ukungeniswa esifundeni sasebulgaria yanamuhla ngekhulu lesi-7 ad Ngamabulgaria, ayengabantu baseturkey ababehlala kulokho manje Okuyirussia. Ulimi ababelukhuluma lwalubizwa ngokuthi isibulgaria Esidala noma Isichuvash Esidala, futhi kukholakala ukuthi lwalususelwa ezilimini Ezazikhulunywa Amahuns, ayehlasele le ndawo ngekhulu lesi-4.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ulimi Lwamabulgaria lwahlanganiswa nezilimi zamaslav zabantu bomdabu, ikakhulukazi izilimi Zasempumalanga South Slavic, kuhlanganise nesimacedonia nesiserbia. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngokuthi isibulgaria Sasendulo, esasinezinhlobo ezimbili zokubhala: Isislavonic Sesonto, ulimi lwezincwadi olwalusetshenziswa Isonto Lobu-Orthodox, nolimi lwezincwadi lwesibulgaria, olwaluthuthuke kusuka ohlotsheni olukhulunywayo lwesibulgaria.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwase kuvele uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesibulgaria Sanamuhla, olwathatha indawo Yesislavonic Sesonto nolimi lwezincwadi lwesibulgaria. Phakathi nawo wonke ikhulu le-19 nele-20, ulimi lwesibulgaria lwathola ukwenziwa kwesimanje okukhulu, ekugcineni lwaba ulimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhuliki yasebulgaria yanamuhla ngo-1945.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesibulgaria?

1. Ucyril Nomethodius 2. Umbusi Usimeyoni Wasebulgaria 3. Upaisius Wasehilendar 4. Ukonstantin Wasepreslav 5. U-Ivan Shishman Wasebulgaria

Ulimi lwesibulgaria lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo sesibulgaria sifana nesezinye izilimi zamaslav. Luwulimi olushintshashintshayo, olunamagama nezichasiso ezinokuphela okuhlukile kuye ngomsebenzi wazo emshweni. Izenzo nazo zinokuphela okuhlukile okusekelwe esikhathini nomuntu. Njengezinye izilimi Zesislavic, isibulgaria sinezimo eziyisithupha zamagama, izimelabizo, nezichasiso: isimelabizo, isimelabizo, isimelabizo, isimelabizo, nesimelabizo. Ukuhleleka kwamagama ngokuvamile Kuyisihloko Isenzo Into kodwa kungahluka kuye ngesakhiwo somusho noma ukugcizelelwa.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesibulgaria ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thatha Izifundo Zolimi lwesibulgaria: Ukuthatha izifundo kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokufunda isibulgaria. Ukuze uthole okuningi kakhulu enkambweni yakho ,ureiseka ukuthi uya kuzo zonke izifundo futhi uhlanganyele ngenkuthalo ezingxoxweni.
2. Sebenzisa Imithombo Online: Kukhona imithombo eminingi omuhle online etholakalayo ukukusiza ufunde Bulgarian. Izingosi eziningi zinikeza izifundo nemisebenzi exhumanayo, amashidi okusebenza angalandwa namafayela alalelwayo, nezincazelo eziningiliziwe zemithetho yohlelo lolimi. Amanye amawebhusayithi aze anikeze nengxoxo ebukhoma nabantu abakhuluma isibulgaria.
3. Gxila: Ukucwiliswa kubalulekile ekufundeni ulimi. Zama ukuthola abangane Bulgarian noma uzicwilise isiko Bulgaria sika. Lalela umsakazo Bulgarian futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho Bulgarian, lalela umculo futhi ufunde izincwadi in Bulgarian ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Practice, Practice, Practice: Once uke wafunda eziyisisekelo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza ukuqhubeka ukuzijayeza! Makeiseka ukuthi ukhuluma isibulgaria ngangokunokwenzeka ngezikhulumi zomdabu futhi usebenzise izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ukugcina intuthuko yakho.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt inqubo yokuhumusha imibhalo isuka olimini olulodwa iye olimini Lwesi-Udmurt. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Finno-Ugric olukhulunywa ngabantu base-Udmurt abahlala Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt, etholakala Enkabeni Yerussia. Lolu limi lunomlando namasiko acebile, futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt. Nakuba lolu limi lungase lubhekwe njengolungamelwe kahle ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, lusalokhu luwulimi olubalulekile kulabo abavela kule ndawo noma abanesithakazelo olimini, emasikweni nasemlandweni wabantu base-Udmurt.

Uma kuziwa Ekuhumusheni Isi-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa abahumushi bolimi lwesi-Udmurt abanolwazi, abanolwazi ngolimi nangomongo wamasiko. Umhumushi kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ukupela amagama, kanye nemisho yolimi ukuze enze izinguqulo ezinembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunembile ukwanda nokuhlukahluka kwamagama ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi umbhalo usondelene kakhulu nombhalo wokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt kungasiza ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi kunikeze abantu abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ithuba lokuqondana. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi insimu, kuhlanganise nebhizinisi, izincwadi, nabezindaba. Ingasetshenziselwa futhi ukusiza ukulondoloza isiko nomlando wabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela izindaba zabo namazwi abo ukuba ezwakale yizilaleli ezinkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isi-Udmurt kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuqonda ulimi namasiko abantu base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda imibhalo Yesi-Udmurt, kunganikeza izilaleli eziningi ithuba lokwazisa nokufunda olimini nasemasikweni abantu base-Udmurt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yindlela enhle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kwamasiko nokufunda okwengeziwe ngomunye nomunye.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia. Kukhulunywa nasemiphakathini emincane kwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane njengekazakhstan, Ibelarus Nefinland.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Uralic futhi luhlobene kakhulu nezilimi Zesi-Finno-Ugric. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-680,000, ikakhulukazi Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erussia) nasendaweni ezungezile. Uhlobo lwayo lokubhala lwabhalwa ngekhulu le-18 ngabapristi bama-orthodox aserussia, abakha isimiso sokubhala esisekelwe ezinhlamvwini Zesicyrillic. Lolu hlelo lokubhala lwaqhubeka lwandiswa futhi lwathuthukiswa phakathi nekhulu le-19 nele-20, okwaholela olimini lokubhala lwanamuhla. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezifundeni ezinabantu abangama-Udmurt, futhi lufundiswa nasezikoleni nasemanyuvesi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Udmurt?

1. Uvasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-isazi sezilimi nombhali wemisebenzi eminingi yolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, owabhala uhlelo lolimi olucacile futhi wamisa imithetho eminingi nemigomo esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
2. Uvyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Isazi nomlobi wemisebenzi eminingi ngolimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, kuhlanganise nohlelo lolimi olunzulu nezifundo ngesakhiwo sezinkondlo zase-Udmurt.
3. Unina vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - umqambi emkhakheni we-Udmurt ebhaliwe, wabhala izincwadi zokuqala ngolimi futhi wadala isichazamazwi sokuqala sase-Ukraine-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl romanovich pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu emkhakheni wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, izincwadi, kanye nezinganekwane, wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuqopha nokubhala izingoma zomdabu zesifunda.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna fyodorova - Lozhkina-Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukutadisha ulimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, washicilela amaphephandaba okuqala olimi lwesi-Udmurt futhi wabhala uhlelo lolimi nezinye izinto zokufundisa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Udmurt sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic, oluhlobene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, futhi lunokufana okuthile nezilimi Zasekomi-zyryan nasepermic. Isakhiwo sayo sibonakala nge-agglutinative morphology, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-affix ezincazelo nemiqondo ehlukene. Ulimi lunokuvumelana konkamisa okuyisici nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene, izici, nezikhathi, kanye nokuhlukanisa okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamafomu aphelele nalawo angaphelele.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Udmurt ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuzijwayeza ulimi. Funda mayelana zamagama kanye pronunciation futhi uthole ukuqonda eziyisisekelo lolimi.
2. Funda futhi ulalele native Udmurt imithombo. Lalela izindaba zendawo futhi uvumelane umculo NEZINHLELO TV ngolimi.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokubhala Udmurt. Thola umlingani ulimi noma usebenzise izinkundla inthanethi kanye nezingosi zokuxoxa ukuzijayeza.
4. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt. Kunezikhungo eziningi zezilimi ezinikeza izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt futhi ungazithola ku-inthanethi.
5. Gxila emasikweni naselulwimini. Vakashela Udmurtia futhi ukhulume izikhulumi bomdabu ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngezilimi zendawo namasiko.