Isiswidi Isi-arabh Humusha

Isidingo sokuhumusha isiswidi ngokunembile asikaze sibe sikhulu. Kusukela ebhizinisini lamazwe amaningi kuya ezikhungweni zomphakathi, ukuba nokuqonda ulimi namasiko ezwe kuya ngokuya kubaluleke. Njengoba Isweden iqhubeka ingumdlali oyinhloko kwezamabhizinisi nakwezombangazwe zomhlaba wonke, ukuhumusha okuvela esweden kuya kwesinye kuya kubalulekile.

Isiswidi siwulimi Lwesijalimane olunokufana okuningi nezinye izilimi zasescandinavia ezinjengesidanish, isinorway Nesi-Iceland. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu Escandinavia, ngemva kwesifinnish nesingisi. Isiswidi siwulimi olusemthethweni Esweden, Kanye Nasefinland Naseziqhingini Zase-Åland. Ngaphandle kwesifunda Sasenordic, kukhulunywa futhi abantu abambalwa e-Estonia.

Kulabo abafuna ukuhumusha imibhalo phakathi kwesiswidi nesingisi, akukho esikhundleni somhumushi wesiswidi. Umhumushi okhuluma isiswidi njengolimi lwakhe lokuqala uyoba nokuqonda okujulile kolimi, ama-nuances,, nokwehluka kwalo ezifundeni nasezikhathini. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola umhumushi oneziqu ezifanele nokuhlangenwe nakho.

Uma uqasha umhumushi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bafanelekile futhi baqinisekisiwe ukwenza lo msebenzi. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi zinikeze isicaphuni samahhala sephrojekthi futhi zibhale iziqu zazo nokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kuwebhusayithi yazo. Ungase futhi ufune ukucela izinkomba ezivela kumakhasimende wangaphambilini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza nochwepheshe.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isiswidi, ukunemba kuyisihluthulelo. Kufanele futhi ufune umuntu onolwazi ngohlobo oluthile lwedokhumenti okudingeka uyihumushe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma udinga ukuhumusha idokhumenti esemthethweni, kufanele ufune umhumushi onolwazi lokubhekana namagama asemthethweni.

Ezinye izici zokuhumusha okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa ifomethi yedokhumenti nesikhathi sephrojekthi. Makeiseka ukuthi ubuza umhumushi wakho ukuthi unazo yini izicelo ezikhethekile kusengaphambili, njengezidingo ezithile zokufometha noma izintandokazi zolimi.

Kulabo ababhekene nokuhumusha isiswidi, kubalulekile ukuthola umhumushi ofanelekayo nonolwazi onganikeza imiphumela enembile. Ngomhumushi onokwethenjelwa, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihunyushwa ngokunembile nangokomsebenzi.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesisweden?

Isiswidi sikhulunywa kakhulu esweden nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasefinland. Kukhulunywa Nase-Estonia, Elatvia, Enorway, Edenmark, e-Iceland, nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasejalimane, kanye nasemiphakathini yasesweden ehlala Enyakatho Melika, e-Australia nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesisweden?

Ulimi lwesisweden lunomlando ocebile futhi ohlukahlukene. Imibhalo yokuqala yesisweden iqala ngekhulu lesi-8 lapho yayisetshenziswa abantu abakhuluma isiswidi empumalanga Yesweden nasesifundeni Sasebaltic. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, isiswidi savela Olimini Lwesinorse Esidala, ulimi oluvamile Lwesijalimane Lwenkathi Yamaviking. Imibhalo yokuqala yesisweden yabhalwa ngekhulu le-12, lapho isisweden Esidala sasisetshenziswa emithethweni yezomthetho nasekuhumusheni imibhalo yenkolo. Ekhulwini le-16, isiswidi saba ulimi olusemthethweni Esweden Nasefinland futhi sasetshenziswa kabanzi kuyo yonke inhlonhlo Yasescandinavia, saziwa ngokuthi Irikssvenska noma isiswidi Esivamile. Ngekhulu le-18, yayiselulelwe njengolimi oluvamile kulo lonke elasenyakatho Yurophu futhi yayisetshenziswa nasezincwadini, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zothando nasezinkondlweni. Namuhla, isiswidi sikhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-10 Esweden, Efinland Naseziqhingini Zase-Åland. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Ze-European Union.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesisweden?

1. Ugustav vasa (14961560) – Owayebhekwa Njengomsunguli wesweden yanamuhla, wayephethe ukwethula ulimi lwesisweden njengolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni zikahulumeni nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kolimi phakathi kwabantu.
2. U – Erik XIV (15331577) - wenza uhlelo lolimi lwesisweden kanye nesakhiwo salo, wasiza ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi ezicacile zesisweden futhi waqhubekisela phambili ukwanda kokufunda Nokubhala Esweden.
3. Ujohan iii (15681625) – ngokuyinhloko wayephethe ukwenza ulimi lwesisweden lube ulimi olusemthethweni Esweden futhi waqinisa nendawo yalo ohlelweni lwezifundo ezikoleni zasesweden.
4. Ucarl Linnaeus (17071778) – wasungula uhlelo lokuhlukanisa izitshalo nezilwane okwaba yisisekelo sokuhlukaniswa Kukalinnaeus, okusasetshenziswa kabanzi nanamuhla. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokufaka amagama amaningi abolekiwe olimini lwesisweden.
5. U – August Strindberg (18491912) - umbhali onethonya, wayengomunye wamaphayona ezincwadi zesimanje zasesweden futhi wasebenza ukunciphisa amagama nemishwana yakudala yasesweden ukuze athande ulimi oluqondile.

Ulimi lwesisweden lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesisweden luwulimi Lwasenyakatho Jalimane, oluyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-European. Ihlobene kakhulu nesinorway nesidenmark, futhi ihlobene kakhulu nesingisi nesijalimane. Isakhiwo solimi sisekelwe ekuhlelekeni kwamagama esihloko-isenzo-into, futhi sinobulili obubili (obungathathi.futhi obuvamile) nezimo ezintathu zamagama (isibizo, isibizo, nesandulela). Isiswidi sisebenzisa futhi ukuhleleka kwamagama Okungu-V2 okusho ukuthi isenzo sihlala sibonakala endaweni yesibili emshweni oyinhloko.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesisweden ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isichazamazwi omuhle Swedish kanye incwadi yezisho. Ngokujwayelana nesilulumagama sesisweden nemishwana evamile, kuyokwenza ukufunda ulimi kube lula.
2. Lalela umculo Swedish futhi ubuke amafilimu Swedish. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okulalela nokukhuluma.
3. Thatha izifundo wabasaqalayo in Swedish. Ukufunda kumfundisi onolwazi kuzokusiza ufunde ulimi ngendlela efanele, futhi kukunikeze ithuba lokuzijwayeza nabakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko.
4. Sebenzisa umthombo online like Duolingo noma Babbel. Lezi zingosi zinikeza izifundo ezisebenzisanayo ongazisebenzisa ukuze uzijwayeze ukukhuluma, ukubhala nokulalela ngesisweden.
5. Thola umuntu ukuzijayeza. Khuluma isiswidi nomngani noma ilungu lomndeni osevele ekhuluma, noma uthole isikhulumi bomdabu online ongakusiza ukuzijayeza.
6. Vakashela Esweden. Gxila olimini ngokuvakashela Esweden. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa ngenkuthalo lokho okufundile futhi uthathe ulimi lwendawo nokugcizelela.

Ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Njengolunye lwezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, isi-arabhu siyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana emikhakheni eminingi yokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi, ezombangazwe, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukushintshana ngamasiko, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, kungaba okubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo.

Ebhizinisini, ikhono lokuhumusha ngokunembile imibhalo yebhizinisi nezincwadi libaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba amazwe akhuluma isi-arabhu eba yingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, abahumushi abanekhono besi-arabhu babalulekile ezingxoxweni eziphumelelayo, ekumaketheni nasekusebenzeleni amakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngesi-arabhu lusiza izinkampani ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zakha izimpahla, izinsizakalo namasu emakethe ekhuluma isi-arabhu.

Ngokwezombangazwe, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqembu asekhasini elilodwa. Kusukela ekuqondeni izivumelwano zokuhwebelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kuya ekuqondiseni izingxoxo zokuthula, ukuhumusha ngesi-arabhu kunendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izithakazelo nemibono ehlukene iyahlonishwa.

Ngokwesiko, ukuhumusha isi-arabhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni umlando, izincwadi, izinkondlo, inkolo nobuciko bemiphakathi ekhuluma isi-arabhu. Ngokuhunyushwa okunembile kwemibhalo, abezindaba, imibhalo, nezingxoxo ezikhulunywayo, abantu bangafunda ngemikhuba yamasiko eyingqayizivele yalaba bantu. Ukuze sinikeze isibonelo, izinguqulo zesingisi zezincwadi zakudala zesi-arabhu ezinjenge-Thousand And One nights zingasiza labo abanesithakazelo sokufunda ngamasiko Ama-Arabhu namasiko awo.

Ekugcineni, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yezokwelapha yesi-arabhu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile onganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi odokotela abasichitha bezama ukuhumusha le mibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okunembile kungasiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokuvumela izisebenzi zezokwelapha ukuba ziqonde ngokushesha umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli nezidingo zokunakekelwa.

Kusukela kwezamabhizinisi nakwezombangazwe kuya ezincwadini nakwezokwelapha, ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Abahumushi abanekhono kudingeka bavale ngokunembile igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kucacile futhi kufushane. Ngokuhumusha okunembile, izinkampani, izinhlangano, abantu ngabanye, nezizwe zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula emhlabeni.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isi-arabhu?

Isi-arabhu siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Algeria, Ebahrain, Ecomoros, Echad, Edjibouti, Egibhithe, E-Iraq, Ejordani, Ekuwait, Elebanon, Elibya, Emauritania, Emorocco, E-Oman, Epalestine, Eqatar, Esaudi Arabia, Esomalia, Esudan, Esyria, Etunisia, E-United Arab Emirates Naseyemen. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-United States, Efrance, Espain Nase-Israel.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-arabhu?

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunomlando omude futhi ovelele, ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu limi lwavela ohlotsheni lwezilimi zamasemite zasendulo, okucatshangwa ukuthi zavela Enhlonhlweni Yase-arabia ngekhulu lesi-4 bc. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu limi lwasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwatholakala ezingxenyeni Ezithile Ze-Afrika Nasempumalanga Ephakathi.
Ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile phakathi neminyaka yalo yokuqala, hhayi okungenani ukwanda Kobusulumane ngekhulu lesi-7 ad kanye nokwethulwa Kwekoran. Lokhu kwasiza ekwakheni ulimi, kwaletha amagama amasha amaningana, imishwana nemigomo yohlelo lolimi, kuyilapho kuqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesi-Arabhu Sakudala.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kusukela yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ulimi lwesi-arabhu luye lwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi, lapho luye lwasetshenziselwa khona ukwenza imisebenzi engaphelelwa isikhathi yezinkondlo, ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Ezikhathini zamuva, iye yamukelwa nasezifundweni eziningi zesayensi, isekelwe emlandweni wayo ocebile njengolimi lolwazi nokukhuluma kahle.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-arabhu?

1. U-Abu al-Qasim al-zahiri (wekhulu lesi – 9 kuya kwele-10) - isazi sohlelo lolimi esivelele, kuthiwa wakhiqiza imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesi-arabhu, kuhlanganise Nekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi), omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu lwakudala.
2. U-Ibn Qutaiba (828896 ad) – umbhali onethonya nesazi esabhala umsebenzi onemiqulu engu-12 ngohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu nezilimi ezinesihloko Esithi kitab al-shi 'r wa al-Shu' ara (Incwadi yezinkondlo Nezimbongi).
3. U-al – Jahiz (776869 ad) - umuntu othandekayo wezincwadi nesazi-mlando, imisebenzi yakhe yahlola izihloko eziningi kusukela kuhlelo lolimi kuya kwezesayensi yezilwane.
4. U – Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad (717791 ad) isazi sezilimi esidumile nesazi esasisebenzisa uhlelo lwaso lwezilimi Ekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi) yamukelwa kabanzi ngekhulu lesi-8.
5. U-Ibn muqaffa ' (721756 ad) – umhumushi odumile nommeli wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuhunyushwa kwemisebenzi yasendulo yasepheresiya ngesi-arabhu.

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-arabhu sisekelwe ekubunjweni kwezimpande namaphethini. Amagama amaningi olimini atholakala emsukeni onezinhlamvu ezintathu( ezinhlangothi ezintathu), lapho kungangezwa khona onkamisa abahlukahlukene nemisindo ukuze kwakhiwe amagama amasha anencazelo ehlobene. Lokhu kutholakala kuhilela ukushintsha onkamisa nemisindo, kanye nokwengeza iziqalo noma izijobelelo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ulimi lwesi-arabhu lucebe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi luveze imizwa yalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thola umfundisi ofanelekayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kakhulu, indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu ukuthola umfundisi ofanelekayo ongakufundisa. Bheka umfundisi onolwazi lokufundisa ulimi futhi angakusiza uqonde izakhiwo zohlelo lolimi kanye nemininingwane yolimi.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene. Nakuba ukufunda kumfundisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, kufanele usebenzise nezinye izinsiza ezinjengezincwadi, izifundo ezikuyi-internet, ama-video akuyi-internet, nezinto ezilalelwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulimi ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene futhi kuzokusiza uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
3. Prakthiza njalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba umuntu akwazi ukukhuluma kahle ulimi iwukuzijwayeza njalo. Prakthiza ukubhala, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, nokulalela ulimi. Zama ukuzicwilisa olimini ngokubuka amafilimu esi-arabhu, ukukhuluma nabantu abakhuluma isi-arabhu, noma ukulalela umculo wesi-arabhu.
4. Yenze eyakho ngempela. The more ungakwazi ngezifiso yokufunda yakho isipiliyoni, the kangcono off uzoba. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amasu asebenza kangcono ngohlobo lwakho lokufunda bese wenza ngokwezifiso indlela yakho yolimi ngokufanele.