Estonian Elvish (Sindarin) Guqulela

Inguqulelo yase-estonia yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamashishini amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Iinguqulelo zobungcali zeetekisi ukuya nokubuya kulwimi lwase-estonia zinokuba luncedo olukhulu kwiinkampani ezinqwenela ukunxibelelana nesiseko sabathengi abanokubakho okanye esikhoyo sase-estonia.

I-estonia lulwimi Lwesifinno, olunxulumene nesifinnish kwaye luthethwa luninzi lwabantu Base-Estonia. Ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye negrama eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, inguqulelo yase-estonia ifuna umguquleli onamava owayelwazi kakuhle ulwimi nenkcazelo yalo.

Xa ujonga iprojekthi yokuguqulela yase-estonia, kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Inguqulelo kufuneka imele ngokuthembekileyo umyalezo wantlandlolo, kwaye naziphi na iimpazamo okanye ukungenzi kungenza nzima ubudlelwane beshishini phakathi kwamaqela abandakanyekayo. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukubandakanya isithethi somthonyama ngokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi kunye nemiba yalo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yindleko yokuguqulela. Amaxabiso ayahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezinje ngokungxamiseka kweprojekthi, ubude besicatshulwa, ukuntsonkotha komyalezo, kunye nezinye izinto ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli okhethiweyo uthembekile, unakho kwaye unexabiso elifanelekileyo.

Iitekisi eziguqulelwe ngobuchule zibalulekile ekufezekiseni impumelelo kulo naliphi na ishishini elinxulumene Ne-Kuwait, kunye nokuhlakulela ubudlelwane obuhlala buhleli nabathengi kunye namaqabane kweli lizwe. Umguquleli wase-estonia onokuthenjwa unokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo kunye nolwazi luhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweempazamo, ezingundoqo ekugcineni nayiphi na imizamo yeshishini.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwase-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia luthethwa ikakhulu E-Estonia, nangona kukho iipokotho ezincinci zezithethi Elatvia, Eunited States, Ekhanada Naserussia.

Lithini agama lokuthela e-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Eyurophu, kunye nemvelaphi yayo ebuyela Kwi-Stone Age. Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo zihlala isifinnish nesihungary, zombini ezo zivela kwintsapho yolwimi Lwe-Uralic. Iingxelo zokuqala ezabhalwa ngesi-estonia zabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-13, xa kwapapashwa incwadi yokuqala ngolwimi ngowe-1525.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, i-estonia yaphenjelelwa ngakumbi ngamajamani, njengoko Amajamani amaninzi afudukela E-Estonia ngexesha Lohlaziyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uninzi lwezithethi zase-estonia nazo zinokuthetha isirashiya, ngenxa yempembelelo eyandayo Yobukhosi baserussia kulo mmandla.
Ukususela ekupheleni Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, i-estonia ibilulwimi olusemthethweni Lwase-Estonia kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulwimi luye lwabona ukuvuselelwa kweentlobo, kunye nezizukulwana ezincinci ziyamkela kunye nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi zifumaneka kwi-intanethi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwase-estonia?

1. Ufriedrich Robert Faehlmann (1798-1850) - imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi ezisebenze ekumiseni ulwimi lwase-estonia ngekhulu le-19.
2. Ujakob Hurt (1839-1907) - umfundisi kunye nengcali yeelwimi eyakhokela intshukumo yolwimi olubhaliweyo oluzimeleyo lwase-estonia.
3. Ujohannes Aavik (1880-1973) - ingcali yeelwimi kunye negrama ebhaliweyo kunye ne-Estonian grammar kunye ne-orthography.
4. Ujuhan Liiv (1864-1913) - imbongi kunye nomntu obhala kakhulu e-estonia kwaye wayenempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi.
5. Ujaan Kross (1920-2007) - umbhali odumileyo weprose owasebenzisa ulwimi lwase-estonia ngendlela yanamhlanje, entsha, enceda ukuyibuyisela kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Njani ulwimi lwase-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia lulwimi lwe-agglutinative, oludibeneyo lwentsapho Ye-Uralic yeelwimi. Inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo semorphologically, kunye nenkqubo yamatyala ali-14 izibizo, amaxesha amabini, imiba emibini kunye neemo ezine. Inkqubo yomlomo yase-estonia ilula, kunye nokudibanisa ezintathu kunye namazwi amabini. Umyalelo wegama ukhululekile kwaye ubhetyebhetye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwase-estonia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nealfabhethi yase-estonia kwaye ufunde indlela yokubiza oonobumba. Ukwazi ialfabhethi sisiseko salo naluphi na ulwimi kwaye kuya kukunceda uzive unentembelo ekuthetheni ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Mamela kwaye uthethe. Qala ukuziqhelanisa nokuphulaphula nokuphindaphinda izandi kunye namagama owavayo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi nolwimi kwaye uqonde ngcono ukubiza. Xa uziva ulungile, qala ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo i-estonia, nokuba ikukuphela kosapho kunye nabahlobo.
3. Funda kwaye ubhale. Fumana i-Estonian grammar kwaye uqale ukubhala izivakalisi ezilula e-estonia. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo! Ukufunda iincwadi, iiblogi kunye namanqaku e-estonia kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi.
4. Sebenzisa iteknoloji. Sebenzisa ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi, iipodcasts kunye neevidiyo ukufumana ukubonakaliswa ngakumbi e-estonia. Oku kuya kukunceda ukwandisa isigama sakho kwaye ufunde ukusebenzisa ulwimi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo.
5. Ziqhelanise nesithethi somthonyama. Indlela elungileyo yokuziqhelanisa ne-estonia yakho kukufumana isithethi somthonyama ukuba sincokole kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu. Bacele ukuba bakulungise xa kuyimfuneko kwaye banike ingxelo ngendlela onokuphucula ngayo.