Estonian Isicroatian Guqulela

Inguqulelo yase-estonia yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamashishini amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Iinguqulelo zobungcali zeetekisi ukuya nokubuya kulwimi lwase-estonia zinokuba luncedo olukhulu kwiinkampani ezinqwenela ukunxibelelana nesiseko sabathengi abanokubakho okanye esikhoyo sase-estonia.

I-estonia lulwimi Lwesifinno, olunxulumene nesifinnish kwaye luthethwa luninzi lwabantu Base-Estonia. Ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye negrama eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, inguqulelo yase-estonia ifuna umguquleli onamava owayelwazi kakuhle ulwimi nenkcazelo yalo.

Xa ujonga iprojekthi yokuguqulela yase-estonia, kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Inguqulelo kufuneka imele ngokuthembekileyo umyalezo wantlandlolo, kwaye naziphi na iimpazamo okanye ukungenzi kungenza nzima ubudlelwane beshishini phakathi kwamaqela abandakanyekayo. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukubandakanya isithethi somthonyama ngokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi kunye nemiba yalo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yindleko yokuguqulela. Amaxabiso ayahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezinje ngokungxamiseka kweprojekthi, ubude besicatshulwa, ukuntsonkotha komyalezo, kunye nezinye izinto ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli okhethiweyo uthembekile, unakho kwaye unexabiso elifanelekileyo.

Iitekisi eziguqulelwe ngobuchule zibalulekile ekufezekiseni impumelelo kulo naliphi na ishishini elinxulumene Ne-Kuwait, kunye nokuhlakulela ubudlelwane obuhlala buhleli nabathengi kunye namaqabane kweli lizwe. Umguquleli wase-estonia onokuthenjwa unokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo kunye nolwazi luhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweempazamo, ezingundoqo ekugcineni nayiphi na imizamo yeshishini.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwase-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia luthethwa ikakhulu E-Estonia, nangona kukho iipokotho ezincinci zezithethi Elatvia, Eunited States, Ekhanada Naserussia.

Lithini agama lokuthela e-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Eyurophu, kunye nemvelaphi yayo ebuyela Kwi-Stone Age. Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo zihlala isifinnish nesihungary, zombini ezo zivela kwintsapho yolwimi Lwe-Uralic. Iingxelo zokuqala ezabhalwa ngesi-estonia zabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-13, xa kwapapashwa incwadi yokuqala ngolwimi ngowe-1525.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, i-estonia yaphenjelelwa ngakumbi ngamajamani, njengoko Amajamani amaninzi afudukela E-Estonia ngexesha Lohlaziyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uninzi lwezithethi zase-estonia nazo zinokuthetha isirashiya, ngenxa yempembelelo eyandayo Yobukhosi baserussia kulo mmandla.
Ukususela ekupheleni Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, i-estonia ibilulwimi olusemthethweni Lwase-Estonia kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulwimi luye lwabona ukuvuselelwa kweentlobo, kunye nezizukulwana ezincinci ziyamkela kunye nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi zifumaneka kwi-intanethi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwase-estonia?

1. Ufriedrich Robert Faehlmann (1798-1850) - imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi ezisebenze ekumiseni ulwimi lwase-estonia ngekhulu le-19.
2. Ujakob Hurt (1839-1907) - umfundisi kunye nengcali yeelwimi eyakhokela intshukumo yolwimi olubhaliweyo oluzimeleyo lwase-estonia.
3. Ujohannes Aavik (1880-1973) - ingcali yeelwimi kunye negrama ebhaliweyo kunye ne-Estonian grammar kunye ne-orthography.
4. Ujuhan Liiv (1864-1913) - imbongi kunye nomntu obhala kakhulu e-estonia kwaye wayenempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi.
5. Ujaan Kross (1920-2007) - umbhali odumileyo weprose owasebenzisa ulwimi lwase-estonia ngendlela yanamhlanje, entsha, enceda ukuyibuyisela kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Njani ulwimi lwase-estonia?

Ulwimi lwase-estonia lulwimi lwe-agglutinative, oludibeneyo lwentsapho Ye-Uralic yeelwimi. Inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo semorphologically, kunye nenkqubo yamatyala ali-14 izibizo, amaxesha amabini, imiba emibini kunye neemo ezine. Inkqubo yomlomo yase-estonia ilula, kunye nokudibanisa ezintathu kunye namazwi amabini. Umyalelo wegama ukhululekile kwaye ubhetyebhetye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwase-estonia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nealfabhethi yase-estonia kwaye ufunde indlela yokubiza oonobumba. Ukwazi ialfabhethi sisiseko salo naluphi na ulwimi kwaye kuya kukunceda uzive unentembelo ekuthetheni ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Mamela kwaye uthethe. Qala ukuziqhelanisa nokuphulaphula nokuphindaphinda izandi kunye namagama owavayo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi nolwimi kwaye uqonde ngcono ukubiza. Xa uziva ulungile, qala ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo i-estonia, nokuba ikukuphela kosapho kunye nabahlobo.
3. Funda kwaye ubhale. Fumana i-Estonian grammar kwaye uqale ukubhala izivakalisi ezilula e-estonia. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo! Ukufunda iincwadi, iiblogi kunye namanqaku e-estonia kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi.
4. Sebenzisa iteknoloji. Sebenzisa ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi, iipodcasts kunye neevidiyo ukufumana ukubonakaliswa ngakumbi e-estonia. Oku kuya kukunceda ukwandisa isigama sakho kwaye ufunde ukusebenzisa ulwimi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo.
5. Ziqhelanise nesithethi somthonyama. Indlela elungileyo yokuziqhelanisa ne-estonia yakho kukufumana isithethi somthonyama ukuba sincokole kwi-intanethi okanye ngokobuqu. Bacele ukuba bakulungise xa kuyimfuneko kwaye banike ingxelo ngendlela onokuphucula ngayo.

Uguqulelo Lwemalta lwenza ukuba abantu baqonde ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yasemalta, isiqithi Kulwandle Lwemeditera emazantsi Esicily. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwemalta Yimalta, ulwimi Lwesimitic olubhalwa kusetyenziswa oonobumba besilatini. Nangona Imalta ifana nesiarabhu, inomahluko othile, okwenza kube nzima kwabo bangengabo abathetha bomthonyama ukuba baqonde ngaphandle kwenguqulelo Yasemalta.

Imalta inembali ende, enokulandelwa Emva Kwamafenike namaroma. Kangangeenkulungwane, ezinye iilwimi ziye zaphembelela Ukuphuhliswa Kwesimalta, njengesitaliyane, isingesi nesifrentshi. Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukufumana uguqulelo Lwesimalta ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo izinto zolwimi.

Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni uguqulelo oluchanekileyo Lwemalta, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika kuwo nawaphi na amaxwebhu okanye isicatshulwa, ukusukela kumaxwebhu oshishino ukuya kumaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nonyango. Ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela ngobuchule kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umbhalo uguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ugcina intsingiselo yoqobo kunye nenjongo.

Ukuba ujonga ukhetho olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi, kubandakanya Imalta. Nangona iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi zinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, zisenokungasoloko zibandakanya yonke into yenkcubeko. Ke ngoko, uguqulelo Lwemalta yedijithali lusetyenziswa ngcono kumaxwebhu alula kunye neetekisi.

Ekugqibeleni, kukho izichazi-magama Ezininzi Zesimalta-isingesi ezifumanekayo, zombini kwi-intanethi nakwifomu yokuprinta. Ezi zichazi-magama zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo zamagama, kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo kwigrama kunye nokubiza amagama. Ngelixa iinguqulelo zesichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo, zihlala zilinganiselwe kububanzi kwaye akufuneki zisetyenziselwe amaxwebhu antsonkothileyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lweenguqulelo Zesitaliyane ozifunayo, kubalulekile ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo, ngoxa iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi nezichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo kwiinguqulelo ezisisiseko. Nokuba ukhetha ntoni, inguqulelo Yasemalta inokukunika ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi nenkcubeko Yasemalta.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalta?

Imalta ithethwa ikakhulu Emalta, kodwa ikwathethwa ngamalungu E-Diaspora Yasemalta kwamanye amazwe Afana Ne-Australia, Canada, Jamani, Italy, I-United Kingdom Kunye Ne-United states.

Yintoni Imbali Yolwimi Lwasemalta?

Ulwimi Lwasemalta lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo, enobungqina obuqala emva kwenkulungwane ye-10 AD. Kukholelwa ukuba iguquke kwiilwimi Zesiculo-arabhu ezithethwa ngabahlali abavela Enyakatho Afrika Kwi-Middle Ages, ezaye ziphenjelelwa kakhulu yintaliyane, isifrentshi, ispanish nesingesi. Njengoko isiqithi Sasemalta sasilawulwa ngamagunya ahlukeneyo kwimbali yaso, ulwimi lwathatha amagama ahlukeneyo kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi zamagunya awayehlala kwesi siqithi. Ngenxa yoko, Imalta yenye yeelwimi ezizodwa Eyurophu, kwaye isichazi-magama sayo siqulathe izinto zazo zonke iinkcubeko ebeziyinxalenye yembali yayo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemalta?

1) Umikiel Anton Vassalli (1764-1829): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wolwimi Lwasemalta", Uvassalli wayengumfilosofi Wolwimi Lwasemalta, ifilosofi kunye ne-philologist owayengowokuqala ukulungelelanisa ulwimi Lwasemalta.
I-Dun Karm Psaila (1871-1961): imbongi kunye nembongi yokuqala yesizwe Yasemalta, Upsaila wabhala Kakhulu Ngesimalta kwaye wayenoxanduva lokongezwa kunye nokwandiswa koluhlu lwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana ngolwimi.
3) Guze Muscat Azzopardi( 1927-2007): utitshala, ingcali yeelwimi, kunye nomfundi weencwadi Zasemalta, Uazzopardi wabhala ngokubanzi Ngesimalta, kunye nokuvelisa isifundo esikhulu solwimi kunye noncwadi lolwimi olusebenza njengesiseko solwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta.
U-Anton van Lear (1905-1992): umfundisi Wamajesuit, Uvan Lear wayengomnye wabantu abaphambili kwicandelo lolwimi Lwesimalta kunye noncwadi ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye unoxanduva lokudala inkqubo yopelo oluchanekileyo lolwimi.
Ujoe Friggieri (1936-2020): imbongi yasemalta kunye nombhali, Ufriggieri wabhala ngokubanzi ngesingesi Nangesimalta kwaye wayeligalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta, kunye nokuqwalaselwa njengomnye wababhali abaphambili kwimibongo Yasemalta.

Ulwakhiwo Njani ulwimi Lwemalta?

Isakhiwo Semalta sifana nesiarabhu, apho amagama akhiwa kwiingcambu ezintathu. Isakhiwo siphenjelelwa kakhulu sisifrentshi nesitaliyane, kunye nokongezwa kwenqaku eliqinisekileyo ngaphambi kwezibizo kunye nobukho bezifinyezo ezimbalwa zesilatini. Imalta inenombolo ephindwe kabini, okuthetha ukuba izibizo, izichazi kunye nezenzi zingafakelwa kwifom enye okanye ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemalta ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama Yasemalta kunye nokubiza amagama. Khangela izixhobo ze-intanethi kunye nezifundo ezichaza imigaqo yegrama, kunye nendlela yokubiza amagama ngokuqonda.
2. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi okanye iqela onokuziqhelanisa nalo. Ukuthetha nomntu osele ethetha Nesimalta yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda.
3. Mamela unomathotholo Wasemalta, iimuvi kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude. Nika ingqalelo kulwimi kwaye uzame ukuphinda into oyivayo.
4. Sebenzisa usetyenziso olufana Neduolingo ukwenza isigama kunye negrama. Kungaluncedo ukuba ube nendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi.
5. Yenza abahlobo Basemalta. Le yindlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kuba iya kukunika iincoko eziyinyani, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezikulungele ukukunceda ufunde.
6. Ndwendwela Imalta, ukuba unako. Zifake kulwimi, inkcubeko kunye nabantu Basemalta. Uya kuthatha ulwimi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngale ndlela!