I-gujarati I-malayalam Guqulela

Isigujarati lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 ikakhulu kwilizwe Laseindiya Igujarat. Kwakhona ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-Union Territory yasedadra Kunye Nenagar Haveli Kunye Nedaman Kunye Nediu. Kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, inani lezithethi Zasegujarati liye landa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi be-diaspora. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kukho imfuno eyandayo yeenkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati ezinokunceda amashishini kunye neminye imibutho ifikelele kweli nani likhulu labathengi abanokubakho.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesigujarati zihlala zibandakanya ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iiwebhusayithi, iaudiyo kunye nevidiyo ukusuka kwisingesi okanye naluphi na olunye ulwimi Ukuya Egujarati. Inkqubo yokuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye inzima kakhulu kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, injongo, isimbo, umxholo kunye nesiphumo esifunwayo senguqulelo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesigujarati zisetyenziswa ikakhulu yimibutho ukunxibelelana nabathengi abathetha Isigujarati. Umzekelo, imibutho inokufuna ukuguqulela izivumelwano zabo zomthetho, izinto zokuthengisa, inkcazo yemveliso kunye neencwadana zomsebenzisi Egujarati. Banokuyisebenzisa ukwenza iintengiso ezibuthathaka ngokwenkcubeko, iincwadana, iincwadi ze-e, iileta zeendaba kunye nezinto zemfundo. Amashishini anokufuna ukunxibelelana nabasebenzi babo Egujarati.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abaguquleli Besigujarati abanolwimi lwenkobe. Kwakhona, ukuba uneshishini kwaye ufuna ukwandisa kwiimarike ezithetha Isigujarati, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zakho ziguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uqondwa ngokuchanekileyo ngabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukongeza kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesigujarati, imibutho emininzi ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika. Iinkonzo zokutolika zibandakanya ukuguqulela amagama athethiweyo okanye iincoko, umzekelo ubuso ngobuso okanye incoko ngomnxeba. Xa uqesha itoliki, baya kuba nakho ukuqonda umahluko wenkcubeko phakathi kwesingesi Nesigujarati kwaye bancede ukuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati zenza ukuba imibutho ivale izithintelo zolwimi kwaye inxibelelane nabathengi abathetha Isigujarati ngokufanelekileyo. Ke, ukuba ujonge ukwandisa ishishini lakho kwiimarike ezintsha okanye ukunxibelelana nabathengi bakho ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati zinokukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isigujarati?

I-Gujarati lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan oluthethwa kwilizwe Laseindiya I-Gujarat kwaye luthethwa ikakhulu ngabantu Base-Gujarati. Ikwathethwa kwimimandla yomanyano ekufuphi Edaman Nasediu, Idadra Kunye Nenagar Haveli kunye nakwezinye iindawo Zasemaharashtra Nasemadhya Pradesh. Ikwasetyenziswa ngabemi abaninzi baseindiya abahlala E-United States, E-United Kingdom, E-Australia, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada, Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia nakwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesigujarati?

Ulwimi Lwesigujarati lunembali ende kwaye ityebile kwaye ilandelela iingcambu zayo phantse iminyaka engama-2000. Ulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo Nesihindi kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa kumantla Eindiya. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Lwesigujarat, lelinye lamazwe asentshona Eindiya. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngolwimi zibuyela kwikhulu le-12 CE, ezinye iziqwenga mhlawumbi zide zidala. Ixesha elingaphezulu, Igujarati yavela kwaye yamkela iimpembelelo ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kubandakanya isiarabhu, isipersi, isingesi kunye nesiphuthukezi. I-Gujarati nayo yaba lulwimi lwezorhwebo kunye nezorhwebo, njengoko ummandla Wasegujarat wawuyikhaya kubarhwebi abaninzi kunye nabathengisi. Kumaxesha akutshanje, uncwadi Lwesigujarati lwakhula ngenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, nababhali abadumileyo abanjengogandhi, Itagore, Nonarayan bevelisa eminye yemisebenzi edumileyo ngeli xesha. Namhlanje, Isigujarati sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 kwaye lulwimi lweenkobe lwama-26 oluthethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati?

1. Umahatma Gandhi: igqwetha, inkokeli yezopolitiko, kunye nefilosofi ngomsebenzi, Umahatma Gandhi wayengomnye wabantu abanempembelelo kumzabalazo wenkululeko waseindiya. Kwakhona waba nempembelelo enkulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati noncwadi.
2. Umorarji Desai: Umorarji Desai wayengumongameli wesine Waseindiya ukusuka ngo-1977 ukuya ku-1979. Wayedume ngokuzinikela kwakhe ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuthazeni ulwimi Lwesigujarati.
3. Khangisa kalula kwi-website qualitative futhi wandise idumela lakho! Uthathwa njengomnye wabanegalelo elikhulu kuncwadi Lwesigujarati.
4. Ukavi Narmad: Ukavi Narmad, okwabizwa Ngokuba Ngunarayan Hemchandra, wayeyimbongi Yesigujarati kunye nomdlali wokudlala obonwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimbali yoncwadi Lwesigujarati.
5. Umashankar Joshi: Umashankar Ujoshi wayeyimbongi Eyaziwayo Yasegujarati, umbhali weenoveli, umbhali wokudlala, umgxeki kunye nombhali wezincoko. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati noncwadi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesigujarati?

Ulwimi Lwesigujarati lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan olunesakhiwo esicacileyo nesichazwe kakuhle. Ibonakaliswa yinkqubo yayo yamanqanaba amathathu e-morphology, syntax, kunye nefonology. Ngokwemiqathango ye-Morphology, I-Gujarati inezibizo, izichazi, izibhengezo, izenzi kunye nezinye iinxalenye zentetho. Inkqubo yesenzi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi ezininzi kunye nabancedisi. I-Syntax E-Gujarati ilandela umxholo-Object-Verb (SOV) isakhiwo. Ekugqibeleni, I-Gujarati ine-inventri ekhethekileyo ye-consonant kunye neefowuni ezingama-32, ezinokuthi zahlulwe zibe zizikhamiso ezili-9 eziphambili kunye ne-23 secondary consonants.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesigujarati ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana Uluhlu lwamagama egama Giuseppina. Thatha ixesha lokufunda i-alfabhethi kunye nokubiza, Njengoko Isigujarati ilandela imithetho eyahlukeneyo xa ithelekiswa nesingesi.
2. Fumana umhlohli okanye isithethi somthonyama ukukunceda ngokufunda ulwimi lwakho. Ukuba nomntu onokuphendula imibuzo kwaye achaze iikhonsepthi eziphambili kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
3. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezinokukunceda ufunde Isigujarati. Zininzi izibonelelo ezibonelela ngezifundo zomsindo, izicatshulwa kunye nokuzilolonga.
4. Ziqhelanise nezakhono zakho zolwimi kwincoko yehlabathi lokwenyani. Zama ukungena kwi-intanethi incoko okanye intlanganiso A Gujarati isithethi kuba ikofu.
5. Funda iincwadi, ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo Egujarati. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono ulwimi.
6. Breathe into culture. Ukuba namava enkcubeko Yesigujarati kunokukunceda uqonde izinto ezintle zolwimi.

Imalayalam lulwimi oluthethwa Eindiya olunelifa elityebileyo lenkcubeko. Olu lwimi luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35, Eindiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ukubaluleka kweenkonzo zokuguqulela Emalayalam akunakubaxwa. Njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano lweelwimi ezininzi sisanda, imibutho ikhangela abantu abafanelekileyo ukuba banike iinguqulelo Zesimalayalam ezinokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo.

Imalayalam lulwimi Lwe-Dravidian, oluneskripthi sayo. Lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya Ikerala, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 ezaziwa Njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwaseindiya. Njengezinye iilwimi, Imalayalam ikwanazo neenguqulelo ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi ethethwa kuyo. Ke ngoko, abo banqwenela ukungena kwicandelo lokuguqulela Lasemalayalam kufuneka, ke, babe nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwezi nguqulelo zommandla.

Imfuno eyandayo yeenguqulelo Zemalayalam iqhutywa ngamashishini, imibutho yehlabathi, kunye neearhente zikarhulumente zonke ezifuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abakwimimandla ethetha Imalayalam. Oku kunokubandakanya nantoni na ukusuka ekudaleni izinto zokuthengisa Emalta, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nomxholo wewebhusayithi. Abaguquleli abafanelekayo Basemalayalam nabo banenzuzo eyongeziweyo ukuba baqonda izinto zenkcubeko ezinxulumene nolwimi, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwishishini kunye nokuthengisa.

Ukuze ube ngumguquleli ofanelekileyo Wesimalayalam, umntu kufuneka abe nomyalelo ogqwesileyo kubo Bobabini Isimalayalam (kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo) kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Ngaphezu koko, izakhono zonxibelelwano ezinamandla, ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kunye nexesha elibekiweyo ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba awunayo i-fluency yomthonyama kuzo zombini iilwimi, iqondo lokuguqulela okanye iilwimi lingaba luncedo, nangona oku akusoloko kuyimfuneko.

Njengoko imibutho ijolise ekuboneleleni ngeelwimi ezininzi, imfuno yabaguquleli Besimalayalam iya kuqhubeka inyuka. Ngezi ziqinisekiso zilungileyo, nabani na unokuba yinxalenye yeli shishini lidlamkileyo kwaye abe negalelo ekwenzeni ihlabathi liqhagamshelane ngakumbi.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Imalayalam ithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, kwilizwe Lasekerala, nakwimimandla engabamelwane Basekarnataka Nasetamil Nadu. Ikwathethwa yi-diaspora encinci Ebahrain, Efiji, Kwasirayeli, Emalaysia, Eqatar, Esingapore, E-United Arab Emirates Nase-United Kingdom.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ubungqina bokuqala oburekhodiweyo bolwimi Lwesimalayalam bufumaneka kwimisebenzi yabaphengululi benkulungwane ye-9 abanjengo-Irayanman Thampi, owabhala Iramacharitam. Ngenkulungwane ye-12, oku kwaguqukela ekubeni lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kuncwadi olusekelwe Kwisisanskrit noluxhaphakileyo kwimimandla esemazantsi Ekerala yanamhlanje.
Ukuqala malunga nekhulu le-14 iimbongi ezifana Namamalwar Kunye Nekulashekhara Alvar basebenzisa Imalayalam kwiingoma zabo zokuzinikela. Olu lwimi lwakuqala lwahlukile Kwisisanskrit Nesitamil. Iquka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi kuquka Isizulu Nesikannada.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, inguqulelo Kathunchaththu Ezhuthachan Yeramayana Nemahabharata isuka Kwisisanskrit isiya Emalayalam yalukhulisa ngakumbi olu lwimi. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, ababhali babhala iincwadi ngeelwimi Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zasemalayalam. Oku kwakhokelela ekuveleni Kwemalayalam yanamhlanje eyathatha amagama avela kwisiphuthukezi, isingesi, isifrentshi kunye nesidatshi.
Ukususela ngoko, Imalayalam ibe lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekerala kwaye isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kubandakanya imfundo, urhulumente, amajelo eendaba kunye nenkolo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha zoncwadi, ezinje ngemibongo, imidlalo, kunye namabali amafutshane, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuvela kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalayalam?

1. U-Ezhuthachan (owaziwa Nangokuthi Uthunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan) – Imbongi Yokuqala enkulu yolimi Lwasemalayalam futhi yatholakala ngokudala isisekelo sencwadi Yesimanje Yasemalayalam.
2. I-Kumaran Asan - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Uyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe enjenge - 'Veena Poova', 'Nalini' kanye no - 'Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala'.
3. I-Parameswar Iyer-imbongi eyaziwayo Yasemalayalam eyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala opapashwe 'Kavyaanushasanam'. Ukwathe unikwe ithuba lokufaka amagowuli emdlalweni wanamhlanje.
4. I-Vallathol Narayana Menon - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi enje ngo 'Khanda Kavyas' kunye 'Noduravastha'.
5. G Sankara Kurup-Eyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe efana ne - 'Oru Judha Malayalam' kunye ne 'Viswadarsanam', wayengumdlali wokuqala We-Jnanpith Award for Malayalam literature.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lunenqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kunye notyekelo lokudibanisa amagama okanye amabinzana ukwenza amagama amatsha. Olu phawu lwenza ulwimi oluvakalayo, oluvumela isithethi ukuba sinxibelelane neengcamango ezinzima ngamagama ambalwa kunokuba kufuneka ngesingesi. I-Malayalam inomyalelo we-V2 wegama, oko kuthetha ukuba isenzi sibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwisivakalisi, kodwa oku akunyanzelekanga ngokungqongqo. Kukho nezinye izakhiwo zegrama, ezifana ne-participles kunye ne-gerunds, ezifumaneka kulwimi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokukhuphela iincwadi kunye nezinto ezibhalwe Emalayalam. Kulula ukufumana iipdf zasimahla, iincwadi kunye neefayile zomsindo kwi-intanethi.
2. Hlola ezinye Iindawo onokukhetha kuzo E-Malayalam speakers Ukumamela indlela izithethi zomthonyama ezibiza ngayo ulwimi yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufumana ngokutyibilikayo.
3. Sebenzisa iiwebhusayithi zokutshintshiselana ngolwimi olufana Nolwimi Lwam Ukutshintshiselana Okanye Incoko ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha nesithethi somthonyama.
4. Sebenzisa iikhosi zasimahla ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelelwa ziiyunivesithi ezinjengeyunivesithi Yasemadras okanye Ikairali Malayalam.
5. Cinga ngokubhalisa kwiklasi kwisikolo solwimi lwasekuhlaleni okanye kwiziko lokufunda.
6. Bukela Imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yasemalayalam kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude ukuze ubonakale ngakumbi kulwimi.
7. Sebenzisa iiflashcards ukunceda ukukhumbula amagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
8. Gcina incwadana yamagama amatsha kunye nezivakalisi ozifundayo kwaye uzihlolisise rhoqo.
9. Thetha Emalayalam kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
10. Ekugqibeleni, fumana iindlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwincoko yakho yemihla ngemihla nabahlobo kunye nosapho.