I-gujarati Kazakhname (Latin) Guqulela

Isigujarati lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 ikakhulu kwilizwe Laseindiya Igujarat. Kwakhona ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-Union Territory yasedadra Kunye Nenagar Haveli Kunye Nedaman Kunye Nediu. Kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, inani lezithethi Zasegujarati liye landa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi be-diaspora. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kukho imfuno eyandayo yeenkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati ezinokunceda amashishini kunye neminye imibutho ifikelele kweli nani likhulu labathengi abanokubakho.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesigujarati zihlala zibandakanya ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iiwebhusayithi, iaudiyo kunye nevidiyo ukusuka kwisingesi okanye naluphi na olunye ulwimi Ukuya Egujarati. Inkqubo yokuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye inzima kakhulu kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, injongo, isimbo, umxholo kunye nesiphumo esifunwayo senguqulelo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesigujarati zisetyenziswa ikakhulu yimibutho ukunxibelelana nabathengi abathetha Isigujarati. Umzekelo, imibutho inokufuna ukuguqulela izivumelwano zabo zomthetho, izinto zokuthengisa, inkcazo yemveliso kunye neencwadana zomsebenzisi Egujarati. Banokuyisebenzisa ukwenza iintengiso ezibuthathaka ngokwenkcubeko, iincwadana, iincwadi ze-e, iileta zeendaba kunye nezinto zemfundo. Amashishini anokufuna ukunxibelelana nabasebenzi babo Egujarati.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abaguquleli Besigujarati abanolwimi lwenkobe. Kwakhona, ukuba uneshishini kwaye ufuna ukwandisa kwiimarike ezithetha Isigujarati, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zakho ziguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uqondwa ngokuchanekileyo ngabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukongeza kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesigujarati, imibutho emininzi ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika. Iinkonzo zokutolika zibandakanya ukuguqulela amagama athethiweyo okanye iincoko, umzekelo ubuso ngobuso okanye incoko ngomnxeba. Xa uqesha itoliki, baya kuba nakho ukuqonda umahluko wenkcubeko phakathi kwesingesi Nesigujarati kwaye bancede ukuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati zenza ukuba imibutho ivale izithintelo zolwimi kwaye inxibelelane nabathengi abathetha Isigujarati ngokufanelekileyo. Ke, ukuba ujonge ukwandisa ishishini lakho kwiimarike ezintsha okanye ukunxibelelana nabathengi bakho ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isigujarati zinokukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isigujarati?

I-Gujarati lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan oluthethwa kwilizwe Laseindiya I-Gujarat kwaye luthethwa ikakhulu ngabantu Base-Gujarati. Ikwathethwa kwimimandla yomanyano ekufuphi Edaman Nasediu, Idadra Kunye Nenagar Haveli kunye nakwezinye iindawo Zasemaharashtra Nasemadhya Pradesh. Ikwasetyenziswa ngabemi abaninzi baseindiya abahlala E-United States, E-United Kingdom, E-Australia, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada, Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia nakwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesigujarati?

Ulwimi Lwesigujarati lunembali ende kwaye ityebile kwaye ilandelela iingcambu zayo phantse iminyaka engama-2000. Ulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo Nesihindi kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa kumantla Eindiya. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Lwesigujarat, lelinye lamazwe asentshona Eindiya. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ngolwimi zibuyela kwikhulu le-12 CE, ezinye iziqwenga mhlawumbi zide zidala. Ixesha elingaphezulu, Igujarati yavela kwaye yamkela iimpembelelo ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kubandakanya isiarabhu, isipersi, isingesi kunye nesiphuthukezi. I-Gujarati nayo yaba lulwimi lwezorhwebo kunye nezorhwebo, njengoko ummandla Wasegujarat wawuyikhaya kubarhwebi abaninzi kunye nabathengisi. Kumaxesha akutshanje, uncwadi Lwesigujarati lwakhula ngenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, nababhali abadumileyo abanjengogandhi, Itagore, Nonarayan bevelisa eminye yemisebenzi edumileyo ngeli xesha. Namhlanje, Isigujarati sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 kwaye lulwimi lweenkobe lwama-26 oluthethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati?

1. Umahatma Gandhi: igqwetha, inkokeli yezopolitiko, kunye nefilosofi ngomsebenzi, Umahatma Gandhi wayengomnye wabantu abanempembelelo kumzabalazo wenkululeko waseindiya. Kwakhona waba nempembelelo enkulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati noncwadi.
2. Umorarji Desai: Umorarji Desai wayengumongameli wesine Waseindiya ukusuka ngo-1977 ukuya ku-1979. Wayedume ngokuzinikela kwakhe ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuthazeni ulwimi Lwesigujarati.
3. Khangisa kalula kwi-website qualitative futhi wandise idumela lakho! Uthathwa njengomnye wabanegalelo elikhulu kuncwadi Lwesigujarati.
4. Ukavi Narmad: Ukavi Narmad, okwabizwa Ngokuba Ngunarayan Hemchandra, wayeyimbongi Yesigujarati kunye nomdlali wokudlala obonwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimbali yoncwadi Lwesigujarati.
5. Umashankar Joshi: Umashankar Ujoshi wayeyimbongi Eyaziwayo Yasegujarati, umbhali weenoveli, umbhali wokudlala, umgxeki kunye nombhali wezincoko. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesigujarati noncwadi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesigujarati?

Ulwimi Lwesigujarati lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan olunesakhiwo esicacileyo nesichazwe kakuhle. Ibonakaliswa yinkqubo yayo yamanqanaba amathathu e-morphology, syntax, kunye nefonology. Ngokwemiqathango ye-Morphology, I-Gujarati inezibizo, izichazi, izibhengezo, izenzi kunye nezinye iinxalenye zentetho. Inkqubo yesenzi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi ezininzi kunye nabancedisi. I-Syntax E-Gujarati ilandela umxholo-Object-Verb (SOV) isakhiwo. Ekugqibeleni, I-Gujarati ine-inventri ekhethekileyo ye-consonant kunye neefowuni ezingama-32, ezinokuthi zahlulwe zibe zizikhamiso ezili-9 eziphambili kunye ne-23 secondary consonants.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesigujarati ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana Uluhlu lwamagama egama Giuseppina. Thatha ixesha lokufunda i-alfabhethi kunye nokubiza, Njengoko Isigujarati ilandela imithetho eyahlukeneyo xa ithelekiswa nesingesi.
2. Fumana umhlohli okanye isithethi somthonyama ukukunceda ngokufunda ulwimi lwakho. Ukuba nomntu onokuphendula imibuzo kwaye achaze iikhonsepthi eziphambili kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
3. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezinokukunceda ufunde Isigujarati. Zininzi izibonelelo ezibonelela ngezifundo zomsindo, izicatshulwa kunye nokuzilolonga.
4. Ziqhelanise nezakhono zakho zolwimi kwincoko yehlabathi lokwenyani. Zama ukungena kwi-intanethi incoko okanye intlanganiso A Gujarati isithethi kuba ikofu.
5. Funda iincwadi, ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo Egujarati. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono ulwimi.
6. Breathe into culture. Ukuba namava enkcubeko Yesigujarati kunokukunceda uqonde izinto ezintle zolwimi.

Inguqulelo yesikazakh (yesilatini) ihlala isetyenziselwa amashishini kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukutolika izithethi zesikazakh ezingathethi isingesi okanye ezinye iilwimi, okanye ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nabaphulaphuli abathetha isikazakh. Ekazakhstan, isilatini yinkqubo yokubhala esemthethweni yolwimi lwesikazakh, ngelixa Isicyrillic sisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo.

Namhlanje, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yokuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu ukusuka nasekazakh (isilatini). Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka aqhelane nolwimi lwesikazakh kunye negrama yalo kunye nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi lomthombo. Ukuguqulelwa kweetekisi ezintsonkothileyo kunye namaxwebhu kuba nzima ngakumbi xa ulwimi lomthombo lungafani nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Umguquleli kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wesivakalisi, upelo, kunye nezaci zolwimi abazama ukuvelisa inguqulelo esemgangathweni. Into ebalulekileyo yokuguqulela ekazakh (isilatini) kukuba kukho isidingo sokuba umguquleli agcine inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba olu xwebhu alutolikwa gwenxa.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqonde inkcubeko kunye nembali yengingqi ukuze uguqulelo lwabo lungachanekanga kuphela, kodwa lubonakalise umongo wengingqi. Ukuqonda okunjalo kunokunceda umguquleli ukuba avelise uguqulelo oluchanekileyo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwimi lusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye naziphi na izikhombisi zenkcubeko kwisicatshulwa zitolikwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu asemthethweni, afuna ukuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka akwazi ukuchonga nayiphi na imiba enokubakho enokuvela ngoguqulelo kwaye ayilungise ngaphambi kokuhambisa imveliso yokugqibela.

Ukuqukumbela, kucacile ukuba umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka abe nokuqonda okuhle kolwimi azama ukuluguqulela, kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko kunye nembali yommandla ukuze avelise inguqulelo esemgangathweni yesikazakh( isilatini).

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa ngawo ngesikazakh (isilatini)?

Ulwimi lwasekazakh, olubhalwe kwisilatin script, luthethwa luninzi lwabemi Basekazakhstan kwaye lukwathethwa Emongolia, China, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan Nase-Uzbekistan.

Yintoni ilatin latin (Kazakh)?

Ulwimi Lwasekazakhstan lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu Ekazakhstan kwaye lolona lwimi lusemthethweni lwelizwe. Ikwayenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Ebayan-Ölgii Kwiphondo Lasemongolia. Ikazakh yenye yeelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey kwaye imbali yayo ebhaliweyo inokulandelwa emva kwinkulungwane ye-8 xa yayisetyenziswa Kwimibhalo Yeorkhon Emongolia. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi luye lwavela lwaza lwaziqhelanisa nemeko yenkcubeko nezopolitiko eguqukayo Yasekazakhstan.
I-Kazakh yabhalwa ekuqaleni kwiskripthi sesiarabhu kodwa ngo-1930, ngexesha Lesoviet era, iskripthi sesilatini esiguquliweyo samkelwa njengenkqubo yokubhala esemgangathweni yolwimi. Ialfabhethi yesilatini yasekazakh inoonobumba abangama-32 yaye iquka oonobumba abahlukahlukeneyo bezikhamiso ezimfutshane nezinde kwakunye nezinye izandi ezikhethekileyo kulwimi. Ngo-2017, ialfabhethi yesilatini yasekazakh yaguqulwa kancinci kwaye ngoku ibandakanya oonobumba abangama-33.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesikazakh( lwesilatin)?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (1845-1904) - ubukrelekrele bokubhala babantu basekazakh, ubizwa ngokuphucula inkqubo yokubhala yesilatini yasekazakh kwaye uyazisa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.
2. Umagzhan Zhumabayev (1866-1919) - wayengumcebisi omkhulu We-Latinization yolwimi lwasekazakh. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi We-Abay kwaye unoxanduva lokudala i-Kazakh Latin alphabet yanamhlanje.
3. Bauyrzhan Momyshuly (1897-1959 – - wayengumlobi odumileyo, imbongi kunye nezopolitiko Ezivela Ekazakhstan owaziwa ngokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwasekazakh kulwimi olumanyeneyo, olumiselweyo.
4. Umukhtar Auezov (1897-1961) - umbhali onempembelelo yasekazakh, Uaezov wayezibophelele kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh kunye nenkcubeko yalo. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ekazakh, esasaza inkqubo yokubhala yesilatini.
5. I – Kenzhegali Bulegenov (1913-1984) - Ibulegenov yayiyingcali yeelwimi ebalulekileyo kunye nomntu obalaseleyo kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh. Wayesebenza kwiincwadi ezininzi, kwizichazi-magama nakwiigrama, enceda ekwenzeni ikazakh ibe lulwimi lokubhala.

Njani ulwimi lwasekazakh (lwesilatin)?

Ubume bolwimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) ubukhulu becala busekelwe kulwimi lwesiturkey. I-phonology yayo ibonakaliswa yi-vowel harmony, iqondo eliphezulu lokunciphisa i-consonantal, kunye nokukhethwa kwee-syllables ezivulekileyo. Igrammatic, lulwimi olunamandla kakhulu, kunye nezibizo kunye nezichazi ezibonisa izihlanganisi ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeparadigms. Inkqubo yayo yesenzi nayo iyinkimbinkimbi, kunye neenkqubo ezimbini zomlomo (eziqhelekileyo kunye ezincedisayo), izimaphambili, izimamva kunye nenkqubo ecacileyo yenkalo kunye nomoya. I-Kazakh (i-Latin alphabet) yi-Latin-based alphabet.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekazakh (isilatini) ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Funda alphabet Ialfabhethi yasekazakh ibhalwe ngesilatini, ke kuya kufuneka ufunde oonobumba abangama-26 kunye nezandi zabo ezinxulumene noko.
2. Fumana uluhlu lwamagama egama giuseppina. Unokwenza oku ngokufunda iincwadi malunga neziseko zolwimi okanye ngezixhobo ze-intanethi ezifana nevidiyo Ze-YouTube.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha. Kuba ulwimi aluthethwa ngokubanzi, unokufuna ukufumana umntu othetha naye okanye ikhosi yeaudio ekwi-intanethi onokuziqhelanisa nayo.
4. Est imali kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezisemgangathweni. Ezi zinokubandakanya iincwadi zezifundo, iikhosi zomsindo okanye zevidiyo, okanye iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps.
5. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ungasebenzisa umculo, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, iividiyo kunye neepodcasts ukukunceda ukuba uqhelane nesingqisho ngokubanzi solwimi.
6. Zicel ' umngeni. Funda isigama esitsha kwaye uziqhelanise nokuyisebenzisa kwincoko. Zama ukubhala iincwadi uze uzifunde ngokuvakalayo.
7. Musa ukunikezela! Ukufunda ulwimi yinkqubo ende, ke yiba nomonde kwaye wonwabe ngayo!