Isibhunu Imakedoniya Humusha

Isibhunu siwulimi olukhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Eningizimu Afrika, Enamibia Nasebotswana ngabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7. Njengoba ulimi lwavela esidashi, luqukethe izici zalo eziningi eziyingqayizivele, okwenza ukuhumushela esingisini kube inselele.

Njengoba lolu limi luhlobene kakhulu nesidashi, ukuhumusha Isibhunu kudinga okungaphezu nje kokumane kushintshwe igama elilodwa kwelinye, njengoba kunama-nuances amaningi nezinto zesitayela okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isidashi sisebenzisa izimelabizo eziqondene nobulili, kuyilapho Isibhunu singasebenzisi; ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama esidashi abhalwe ngamagama amakhulu kuyilapho Isibhunu ngokuvamile singasebenzisi amagama amakhulu.

Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuhumushela Isibhunu esingisini, kunokwehluka okuningi kwamasiko phakathi kwala mazwe amabili okudinga ukuzwela nokuqonda. Umhumushi angakwazi ukubamba incazelo yombhalo wokuqala kuphela ngokuqonda lezi zincazelo.

Lapho uhumusha Isibhunu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi ofanelekayo ojwayelene nezilimi namasiko. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho ezifana nomthetho we-copyright.

Kulabo abasanda kuqala ukusebenza Ngesibhunu, ulwazi oluyisisekelo lolimi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuhumusha. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kufanele ajwayelane nesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi, izinkulumo ezivamile nezisho, uma sibala ezimbalwa.

Ezinguqulweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe noma izinkontileka zomthetho, ngokuvamile kuyazuzisa ukuqasha iqembu labahumushi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela enembile nevumelanayo.

Inqubo yokuhumusha Isibhunu ingase ibonakale inzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngamathuluzi afanele nolwazi, ingafinyelelwa kalula. Ngokusebenzisa umhumushi professional abanekhono Kokubili Afrikaans and English, uyoqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi izinguqulo zakho zibe English.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa Kuwo Isibhunu?

Isibhunu sikhulunywa Kakhulu Eningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, kunezikhulumi ezincane Ebotswana, Ezimbabwe, Ezambia Nase-Angola. Kukhulunywa futhi yingxenye enkulu yabantu abavela Kwamanye amazwe e-Australia, e-United States, Ejalimane nasenetherlands.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesibhunu?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Luwulimi Lwaseningizimu Afrika olwakhiwa ngesidashi olwalukhulunywa abahlali bedutch East India Company kulokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi Idutch Cape Colony. Inomsuka wayo ngekhulu le-17, lapho abahlali basenetherlands Ekapa Colony besebenzisa isidashi njengolimi lwabo oluvamile. Yavela ezilimini zesidashi ezazikhulunywa yilaba bahlali, ezaziwa ngokuthi isidashi Sasecape. Futhi inethonya lezilimi Zesimalay, isiputukezi, isijalimane, isifulentshi, Isikhoi Nesibantu.
Ekuqaleni lolu limi lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isidashi Sasekapa "noma"isidashi Sasekhishini". Lwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolimi oluzimele ngo-1925. Ukuthuthuka kwalo kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olukhulunywayo, nohlobo olubhaliwe.
Ezingeni lokuqala lokuthuthuka kwalo, Isibhunu sasihlotshaniswa nesimo esiphansi emphakathini, futhi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokungazi. Lokhu kwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Futhi Isibhunu saqala ukubhekwa njengolimi lokulingana, ikakhulukazi lapho samukelwa yinhlangano elwa nobandlululo ngawo-1960.
Namuhla, Isibhunu sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 Kulo Lonke Elaseningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-11 ezisemthethweni (kanye nolimi olungafuneki) Eningizimu Afrika. Ngaphandle Kweningizimu Afrika, lolu limi lukhulunywa Nase-Australia, e-United states nasebelgium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile lolu limi lubhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, nakuba abanye ababhali bekhetha ukusebenzisa indlela yokubhala yesidashi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibhunu?

1. Ujan Christiaan Smuts (18701950): wayengumuntu ovelele waseningizimu Afrika owaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi Zesibhunu nasekukhuthazeni ulimi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.
2. S. J. du toit (18471911): waziwa ngokuthi 'ubaba Wesibhunu' ngenxa yomnikelo wakhe obalulekile ekusungulweni kolimi njengolimi olusemthethweni Eningizimu Afrika.
3. Ud. F. malan (18741959): wayengundunankulu wokuqala Waseningizimu Afrika futhi kuthiwa waqaphela ngokusemthethweni Isibhunu njengolimi olusemthethweni ngo-1925.
4. Ut. V. mofokeng (18931973): wayenguthisha owaziwayo, imbongi, umbhali kanye nesikhulumi esiza ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza izincwadi Zesibhunu.
5. Uc. P. Hoogenhout (19021972): ubhekwa njengomunye wamaphayona ezincwadi Zesibhunu, njengoba abhala izinkondlo, imidlalo, izindaba ezimfushane namanoveli athonya kakhulu izincwadi zesibhunu zanamuhla.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesibhunu sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunesakhiwo esilula, esiqondile. Lisuselwa olimini lwesidashi futhi linezici eziningi ezifanayo. Isibhunu asinalo uhlelo lolimi, sisebenzisa izikhathi ezimbili kuphela zesenzo, futhi sihlanganisa izenzi ngesethi eyisisekelo yamaphethini. Kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa okumbalwa kakhulu, iningi lamagama linomumo owodwa kuzo zonke izimo nezinombolo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Lwesibhunu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokujwayelana nezisekelo Zohlelo Lolimi Lwesibhunu. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezikuyi-internet ezifundisa izifundo zokuqala zohlelo lolimi, noma ungathenga izincwadi noma ezinye izinto ukuze zikusize uqale.
2. Prakthiza amakhono akho okulalela ngokubuka amabhayisikobho, IMIBUKISO YE-TV, nezinhlelo zomsakazo Ngesibhunu. Lokhu kungakusiza ufunde amagama amaningi nemishwana, kanye pronunciation.
3. Funda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, kanye nomagazini ebhalwe Afrikaans. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi ngolimi futhi ukhululeke ngohlelo lolimi kanye pronunciation.
4. Joyina iqembu Ingxoxo Afrikaans ukuze ukwazi ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uzizwe uzethemba ngokwengeziwe lapho ukhuluma nabanye.
5. Sebenzisa flashcards kanye zokusebenza ukukusiza ufunde amagama amasha nemishwana. Lena indlela enhle kakhulu yokwengeza izikhathi zakho zokufunda ezivamile.
6. Ukuya ezifundweni zolimi uma kungenzeka. Ukuthatha ikilasi elihlelekile kungaba yindlela enhle yokuqonda ulimi kangcono nokuzijwayeza nabanye abafundi.

Ukuhumusha isimacedonia kuyinkonzo edingekayo esetshenziswayo lapho ufuna ukuxhumana ngokunembile ngolimi lwesimacedonia. Ulimi lwesislavic, olukhulunywa Kakhulu Enyakatho Macedonia futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni zezwe. Abantu bavame ukufuna izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesimacedonia lapho kudingeka baxhumane ngokunembile nangempumelelo namakhasimende, ozakwabo, noma abalingani bebhizinisi ngolimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesimacedonia zinikezwa izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha ezikhethekile ekuhumusheni imibhalo, amawebhusayithi, nezinye izinto ngesimacedonia. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe bangahumusha zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo, kuhlanganise nemibhalo yezomthetho neyezimali, izinto zokumaketha noma zebhizinisi, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe nokunye. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zingadala nokuqukethwe okwenziwa endaweni yezilaleli ezikhuluma isimacedonia. Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni iwebhusayithi, abahumushi abangochwepheshe baqinisekisa nokuthi iwebhusayithi ehunyushiwe ibukeka futhi izwakala njengomthombo wokuqala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi banokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle lapho behamba ngewebhusayithi ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Izinguqulo zesimacedonia ezinembile neziphumelelayo zidinga ukuqonda ngokujulile ulimi namasiko.. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe babhekana nenqubo eqinile yokukhetha ngaphambi kokuba baqashwe ukuba baqedele umsebenzi wokuhumusha. Le phrojekthi ibuye ihlolwe kahle ngabahleli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe bajwayelene nemininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhumusha akuyona nje into enembile, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo.

Ukuqasha umhumushi wasemacedonia onguchwepheshe kungaba usizo uma kuziwa ekwakheni ukuba khona okuphumelelayo kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinguqulo ezenziwa uchwepheshe zicacile futhi ziphelele, zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umyalezo wakho uvela ngokucacile futhi ngaphandle kokungaqondani. Ukutshala imali kumhumushi wasemacedonia onguchwepheshe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi idokhumenti noma iwebhusayithi yakho ihunyushelwe kahle olimini okuhloswe ngalo. Kubonisa nokuthi unendaba nokunikeza imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kumakhasimende akho akhuluma isimacedonia.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa emakedoniya?

Ulimi lwesimacedonia lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasenyakatho Macedonia, Eserbia Nase-Albania. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasebulgaria, Egrisi Nasemontenegro, kanye nasemiphakathini yabafuduki E-Australia, Ecanada, Ejalimane nase-United States.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwasemakedoniya?

Umlando wolimi lwasemacedonia ungahle ulandelwe emuva ngekhulu lesi-9 ad lapho lalisetshenziswa ngesimo solimi Lwesislavonic Sesonto Elidala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwazalwa izilimi eziningi zesibulgaria Nesimontenegro. Ekhulwini le-11, Isislavonic Esidala Sesonto sanikeza indlela yesilimi sasemakedoniya ephakathi. Phakathi nenkathi Yama-Ottoman, ulimi lwaluthonywe amagama esiturkey nesi-arabhu. Ekhulwini le-19, ngemva kokusungulwa Kwe-Bulgarian Exarchate, kwavela uhlobo olujwayelekile lolimi manje olwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla. Ngemva Kwempi Yamabalkan ka-1912-13, isimacedonia samenyezelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lombuso waseserbia ngaleso sikhathi, kamuva owaba Yiyugoslavia. Ngemva Kwempi Yezwe II, Imakedoniya yazibiza ngokuthi iyiriphabhuliki futhi ngokushesha yamukela isimakedoniya njengolimi lwayo olusemthethweni. Lokhu kwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1993 ngokusungulwa Kweriphabhuliki Yasemakedoniya.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesimacedonia?

1. Ukrste misirkov (18741926) isazi sezilimi nesazi sefilosofi esabhala incwadi Ngezindaba zasemacedonia, okubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuqala wezincwadi ohlanganisa ulimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla.
2. Ukuzman Shapkarev (18801966) isazi esacwaninga kabanzi ngolimi lwasemacedonia sakha isisekelo solimi olusemthethweni lwasemacedonia lwanamuhla.
3. Ublaže koneski (1921-1993) isazi sezilimi kanye nembongi owayengumholi womnyango wezilimi zasemacedonia E – Institute of macedonian literature Eskopje futhi engomunye wabakhi abakhulu bolimi lwesimacedonia lwanamuhla.
4. Ugjorgji pulevski (18921966) isazi sezinto eziningi nesazi esabhala incwadi yokuqala yohlelo lolimi oluphelele ngolimi lwasemacedonia futhi sahlanganisa imithetho eminingi yalo.
5. Ukoco racin (19081943) – imbongi ebhekwa njengobaba wezincwadi zesimanje zasemacedonia. Wabhala eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu esebenzisa ulimi lwasemacedonia futhi ungumuntu obalulekile emlandweni wesizwe namasiko aso.

Ulimi lwasemakedoniya lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesimacedonia luwulimi Lwesislavic Saseningizimu, futhi isakhiwo salo sifana nezinye izilimi zomndeni ezifana nesibulgaria Nesiserbo-croatian. Inomyalelo womusho Wesihloko-Into-Isenzo futhi isebenzisa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesenzo. Ulimi lusebenzisa izinhlobo Zokwenziwa nezokuhlaziya zokwehla nokuhlanganiswa. Amagama anezimo eziyisikhombisa nobulili obubili, futhi kunezikhathi ezine zesenzo. Izibizo ziyavumelana namagama eziwaguqulayo ngokobulili, ngenombolo nangesimo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesimacedonia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola incwadi enhle yolimi lwasemacedonia futhi uzicwilise olimini. Thola incwadi lolimi umzimba ukuthi ungasebenzisa ukuzijayeza futhi ufunde ulimi.
2. Lalela umculo Macedonian futhi ubuke amavidiyo noma amabhayisikobho in Macedonian. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane ulimi kanye pronunciation yayo.
3. Khuluma nabantu abakhuluma isimacedonia. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isipiliyoni sangempela futhi kukusize ufunde ngokushesha. Ungathola izikhulumi zomdabu online noma ngokusebenzisa meetups wendawo noma imiphakathi.
4. Prakthiza ukubhala ngesimacedonia. Ukubhala kukusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono uhlelo lolimi, ukwakheka, nokupela ulimi.
5. Gcina iphephabhuku lolimi lwasemacedonia. Rekhoda amazwi, imishwana, futhi izingxoxo ukuthi uhlangabezana ekufundeni kwakho. Buyekeza njalo silulumagama nohlelo lolimi umzimba.
6. Sebenzisa imithombo yolimi lwasemacedonia eku-inthanethi efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi. Kunezinhlelo eziningi ze-inthanethi ezitholakalayo ezinikeza izifundo ezisebenzisanayo nokuzivocavoca ukukusiza ufunde.