Isibhunu Isi-georgia Humusha

Isibhunu siwulimi olukhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Eningizimu Afrika, Enamibia Nasebotswana ngabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7. Njengoba ulimi lwavela esidashi, luqukethe izici zalo eziningi eziyingqayizivele, okwenza ukuhumushela esingisini kube inselele.

Njengoba lolu limi luhlobene kakhulu nesidashi, ukuhumusha Isibhunu kudinga okungaphezu nje kokumane kushintshwe igama elilodwa kwelinye, njengoba kunama-nuances amaningi nezinto zesitayela okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isidashi sisebenzisa izimelabizo eziqondene nobulili, kuyilapho Isibhunu singasebenzisi; ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama esidashi abhalwe ngamagama amakhulu kuyilapho Isibhunu ngokuvamile singasebenzisi amagama amakhulu.

Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuhumushela Isibhunu esingisini, kunokwehluka okuningi kwamasiko phakathi kwala mazwe amabili okudinga ukuzwela nokuqonda. Umhumushi angakwazi ukubamba incazelo yombhalo wokuqala kuphela ngokuqonda lezi zincazelo.

Lapho uhumusha Isibhunu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi ofanelekayo ojwayelene nezilimi namasiko. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho ezifana nomthetho we-copyright.

Kulabo abasanda kuqala ukusebenza Ngesibhunu, ulwazi oluyisisekelo lolimi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuhumusha. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kufanele ajwayelane nesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi, izinkulumo ezivamile nezisho, uma sibala ezimbalwa.

Ezinguqulweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe noma izinkontileka zomthetho, ngokuvamile kuyazuzisa ukuqasha iqembu labahumushi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela enembile nevumelanayo.

Inqubo yokuhumusha Isibhunu ingase ibonakale inzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngamathuluzi afanele nolwazi, ingafinyelelwa kalula. Ngokusebenzisa umhumushi professional abanekhono Kokubili Afrikaans and English, uyoqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi izinguqulo zakho zibe English.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa Kuwo Isibhunu?

Isibhunu sikhulunywa Kakhulu Eningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, kunezikhulumi ezincane Ebotswana, Ezimbabwe, Ezambia Nase-Angola. Kukhulunywa futhi yingxenye enkulu yabantu abavela Kwamanye amazwe e-Australia, e-United States, Ejalimane nasenetherlands.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesibhunu?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Luwulimi Lwaseningizimu Afrika olwakhiwa ngesidashi olwalukhulunywa abahlali bedutch East India Company kulokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi Idutch Cape Colony. Inomsuka wayo ngekhulu le-17, lapho abahlali basenetherlands Ekapa Colony besebenzisa isidashi njengolimi lwabo oluvamile. Yavela ezilimini zesidashi ezazikhulunywa yilaba bahlali, ezaziwa ngokuthi isidashi Sasecape. Futhi inethonya lezilimi Zesimalay, isiputukezi, isijalimane, isifulentshi, Isikhoi Nesibantu.
Ekuqaleni lolu limi lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isidashi Sasekapa "noma"isidashi Sasekhishini". Lwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolimi oluzimele ngo-1925. Ukuthuthuka kwalo kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olukhulunywayo, nohlobo olubhaliwe.
Ezingeni lokuqala lokuthuthuka kwalo, Isibhunu sasihlotshaniswa nesimo esiphansi emphakathini, futhi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokungazi. Lokhu kwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Futhi Isibhunu saqala ukubhekwa njengolimi lokulingana, ikakhulukazi lapho samukelwa yinhlangano elwa nobandlululo ngawo-1960.
Namuhla, Isibhunu sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 Kulo Lonke Elaseningizimu Afrika Nasenamibia, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-11 ezisemthethweni (kanye nolimi olungafuneki) Eningizimu Afrika. Ngaphandle Kweningizimu Afrika, lolu limi lukhulunywa Nase-Australia, e-United states nasebelgium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile lolu limi lubhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, nakuba abanye ababhali bekhetha ukusebenzisa indlela yokubhala yesidashi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibhunu?

1. Ujan Christiaan Smuts (18701950): wayengumuntu ovelele waseningizimu Afrika owaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi Zesibhunu nasekukhuthazeni ulimi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.
2. S. J. du toit (18471911): waziwa ngokuthi 'ubaba Wesibhunu' ngenxa yomnikelo wakhe obalulekile ekusungulweni kolimi njengolimi olusemthethweni Eningizimu Afrika.
3. Ud. F. malan (18741959): wayengundunankulu wokuqala Waseningizimu Afrika futhi kuthiwa waqaphela ngokusemthethweni Isibhunu njengolimi olusemthethweni ngo-1925.
4. Ut. V. mofokeng (18931973): wayenguthisha owaziwayo, imbongi, umbhali kanye nesikhulumi esiza ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza izincwadi Zesibhunu.
5. Uc. P. Hoogenhout (19021972): ubhekwa njengomunye wamaphayona ezincwadi Zesibhunu, njengoba abhala izinkondlo, imidlalo, izindaba ezimfushane namanoveli athonya kakhulu izincwadi zesibhunu zanamuhla.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesibhunu sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibhunu lunesakhiwo esilula, esiqondile. Lisuselwa olimini lwesidashi futhi linezici eziningi ezifanayo. Isibhunu asinalo uhlelo lolimi, sisebenzisa izikhathi ezimbili kuphela zesenzo, futhi sihlanganisa izenzi ngesethi eyisisekelo yamaphethini. Kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa okumbalwa kakhulu, iningi lamagama linomumo owodwa kuzo zonke izimo nezinombolo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Lwesibhunu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokujwayelana nezisekelo Zohlelo Lolimi Lwesibhunu. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezikuyi-internet ezifundisa izifundo zokuqala zohlelo lolimi, noma ungathenga izincwadi noma ezinye izinto ukuze zikusize uqale.
2. Prakthiza amakhono akho okulalela ngokubuka amabhayisikobho, IMIBUKISO YE-TV, nezinhlelo zomsakazo Ngesibhunu. Lokhu kungakusiza ufunde amagama amaningi nemishwana, kanye pronunciation.
3. Funda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, kanye nomagazini ebhalwe Afrikaans. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi ngolimi futhi ukhululeke ngohlelo lolimi kanye pronunciation.
4. Joyina iqembu Ingxoxo Afrikaans ukuze ukwazi ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uzizwe uzethemba ngokwengeziwe lapho ukhuluma nabanye.
5. Sebenzisa flashcards kanye zokusebenza ukukusiza ufunde amagama amasha nemishwana. Lena indlela enhle kakhulu yokwengeza izikhathi zakho zokufunda ezivamile.
6. Ukuya ezifundweni zolimi uma kungenzeka. Ukuthatha ikilasi elihlelekile kungaba yindlela enhle yokuqonda ulimi kangcono nokuzijwayeza nabanye abafundi.

Ulimi lwesigeorgia lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala kakhulu ezibhaliwe nezikhulunywayo esifundeni Sasecaucasus. Inohlelo lwayo lolimi futhi yaziwa ngohlelo lwayo lolimi oluyinkimbinkimbi nangohlelo lwayo lokuhlanganisa izinto oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhumusha ngesigeorgia kuyinkonzo ebalulekile kubantu emhlabeni wonke abafuna ukuxhumana Nabantu basegeorgia ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Izinguqulo zesigeorgia zidinga umhumushi onolwazi njengoba kunzima ukuba abantu bangaphandle baluqonde lolu limi. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe basegeorgia kumelwe babe namakhono amahle kakhulu okubhala nokuqonda ngokujulile isiko nezilimi Zasegeorgia. Kumelwe futhi bakwazi ukuveza ngokunembile incazelo yamagama ngendlela ebhaliwe nekhulunywayo.

Lapho uhumusha phakathi kwesigeorgia nezinye izilimi, ukunemba kubalulekile. Ukuhumusha okuhle kufanele kucabangele ama-nuances nomongo wombhalo, ukuze kucace futhi kuqondwe. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe uyogcina izinkomba zamasiko nezinkulumo zisondelene ngangokunokwenzeka nombhalo wokuqala.

Ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesigeorgia kuya kwezinye izilimi kuyinselele njengoba kunamagama amaningi olimini angekho kwezinye izilimi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ehumusha esuka olimini lwesigeorgia eya esingisini, umhumushi kumelwe athole igama noma inkulumo yesingisi efanele eveza kangcono incazelo yegama lesigeorgia ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho balo. Lokhu kungaba nzima ngoba ezinye izinkulumo zesigeorgia azinalo igama elifanayo kwezinye izilimi.

Njengoba isigeorgia singelona ulimi olukhulunywa kabanzi, kungaba nzima ukuthola inguqulo yesigeorgia esezingeni eliphakeme. Kubalulekile ukusebenza ne-ejensi yokuhumusha enedumela elihle noma umhumushi onolwazi futhi ofanelekayo ukunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile zesigeorgia.

Ngokuqonda ubunzima bolimi lwesigeorgia, umhumushi onguchwepheshe anganikeza inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme ethatha ingqikithi yombhalo futhi ethembekile encazelweni yokuqala. Ngosizo umhumushi georgian abanolwazi, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa imigomo nezinkulumo esetshenziswa idokhumenti yakho zinembile futhi kucace.

Yiluphi ulimi lwesigeorgia olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi lwesigeorgia lukhulunywa Kakhulu Egeorgia, nakwezinye izingxenye zesifunda Sasecaucasus, Njenge-Azerbaijan, I-Armenia Nerussia. Kukhulunywa Naseturkey, E-Iran, Esiriya nasegrisi.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesigeorgia?

Ulimi lwesigeorgia luwulimi Lwesikartvelian olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-4 ikakhulukazi Egeorgia. Ulimi olusemthethweni Lwasegeorgia futhi lusetshenziswa njengolimi oluvamile kulo lonke Elasecaucasus. Umlando wolimi lwesigeorgia ungahle uhlehlele emuva ekhulwini lesi-4 ad, lapho kwakhiwa khona izinhlamvu zokuqala zesigeorgia, ezibizwa Ngokuthi I-Asomtavruli. Lolu alu lwalulandelwa uhlelo Lolimi Lwesimkhedruli olusasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Phakathi nekhulu lesi-9, Abantu Basegeorgia baqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokubhala yase-armenia. Kamuva, isigeorgia samukela uhlobo lwesigeorgia lwezinhlamvu zamagama zesigreki ngekhulu le-19. Phakathi nenkathi Yamasoviet, lolu limi lwalufundiswa ezikoleni ezweni lonke, kanye nesirashiya. Ngemva kokuwa kwesoviet Union, ukusetshenziswa kwesigeorgia kwanda kakhulu, futhi ulimi luye lwathandwa kakhulu.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesigeorgia?

1. U-Ivane Javakhishvili Isazi Sezilimi nesazi esabeka isisekelo sezincwadi zesimanje zasegeorgia.
2. Ugiorgi merchule-Isazi esakha indlela yokubhala yesigeorgia yanamuhla.
3. U-Akaki tsereteli-Imbongi nomuntu owaziwayo owafaka imisebenzi eminingi yasentshonalanga olimini lwesigeorgia.
4. Usulkhan - saba Orbeliani - Imbongi nesazi sezilimi esathuthukisa ukucebile kolimi lwesigeorgia ngokwethula amagama angaphandle, izinkulumo namagama ezincwadi.
5. Ugrigol Peradze-Isazi umsebenzi waso wohlelo lolimi lwesigeorgia owaba isisekelo sezifundo zolimi zanamuhla.

Ulimi lwesigeorgia lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesigeorgia luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo (izijobelelo nezijobelelo) ukuze kwakheke amagama. Futhi inohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwebizo nesenzo, olunamaphethini avamile nawangajwayelekile okuguquguquka nawokuqhamuka. Isigeorgia sibhalwa ngezinhlamvu zaso, ezinamagama angu-33. Ulimi luphinde luhlukanise phakathi kwama-consonants aphefumulelwe nalawo angaphefumulelwe, okwenza kube olunye lwezilimi ezimbalwa ezenza kanjalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesigeorgia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Funda alphabet Georgian, pronunciation kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo lolimi. 2. Ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho ukulalela. Lalela izikhulumi bomdabu futhi abenza pronunciation yakho. 3. Yakha silulumagama yakho. Funda amagama alula, imishwana kanye nemisho. 4. Prakthiza ukufunda nokubhala. Sebenzisa izincwadi, izifundo online, omagazini noma amaphephandaba ngesigeorgia. 5. Ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma. Yiba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu futhi usebenzise izinsiza zokufunda ulimi eziku-inthanethi. 6. Gxila emasikweni asegeorgia. Bukela amabhayisikobho, ulalele umculo, noma ufunde izincwadi ngesigeorgia.