Isi-Irish Ibasque Humusha

Ukuhunyushwa kwesi-Irish kuyinkambu ekhethekile yezilimi ngenxa yemvelo eyingqayizivele neyinkimbinkimbi yolimi Lwesi-Irish. Lolu limi, olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,8 e-Ireland nabanye abangaba ngu-60.000 ezingxenyeni ezithile Zasebrithani Nasemelika, luwulimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhuliki Yase-Ireland futhi luwulimi oluncane olwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni Enyakatho Ireland.

Injongo yokuhumusha Ngesi-Irish iwukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo ehlosiwe yombhalo kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye. Lokhu kudinga ulwazi olunzulu lwezilimi zombili, kanye nezimo zamasiko, ezenhlalo nezombusazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, amagama nemiyalezo yangempela kungase kudinge izilimi ezithile ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunembile.

Ukuhumusha ngesi-Irish kuhilela izinqubo zobuchwepheshe nezokudala. Amakhono obuchwepheshe ahlanganisa ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ukwakheka kwemibhalo nemithetho yokwakheka, kanye nekhono lokunamathela ezinqubweni zokuhumusha ezimiselwe. Amakhono okudala agxile kakhulu emsebenzini wokuhumusha nokudlulisela izinto eziwumthombo ngendlela enembile.

Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Base-Ireland ngokuvamile bagxila emkhakheni othile, njengokwelapha, ubunjiniyela, imibhalo engokomthetho noma yezimali. Abahumushi kumelwe babe nolwazi oluqinile ngendaba ababhekana nayo kanye nokukwazi ukukhuluma kahle izilimi ezihlosiwe neziwumthombo.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesi-Irish ziyadingeka ngenxa yokuthi inani elandayo lemibhalo, imibhalo nezinye izinto Zesi-Irish zihunyushelwa esingisini futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izincwadi, izinkontileka, izinto zokumaketha, amakhasi ewebhu, izincwadi zesofthiwe, ukusakazwa kwethelevishini nomsakazo nokunye okuningi.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhumusha kwenziwa uchwepheshe ofanelekayo onesiqu noma isitifiketi esifanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlangano kufanele ziqaphele izidingo ezithile zolimi zezilaleli ezihlosiwe futhi ziqiniseke ukuthi izinguqulo ziyakubonisa lokhu.

Ukuhumusha ngesi-Irish kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiko, ulimi nomlando wabantu Base-Ireland kulondolozwe ngokunembile futhi kwabelwane ngakho nezwe. Kuyasiza nasekwakheni amabhuloho amazwe ngamazwe, kwandise ukuqonda futhi kukhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa kuwo Isi-Irish?

Ulimi Lwesi-Irish lukhulunywa Ikakhulukazi e-Ireland. Kukhulunywa nasezindaweni ezincane Ebrithani, e-United States, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke lapho abantu abanefa Lase-Ireland beye bahlala khona.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Irish?

Ulimi Lwesi-Irish (Isigaeilge) luwulimi Lwamaceltic futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala kakhulu Futhi ezikhulunywa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinomlando obhaliwe weminyaka engaphezu kuka-2 500. Ulimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhulikhi Yase-Ireland futhi lukhulunywa ngabakhulumi abangaba yizigidi eziyi-1.8 e-Ireland, nabanye abangu-80,000 e-US, Ebrithani Nasecanada, kanye nenani elincane kwamanye amazwe.
Izibonelo zokuqala ezaziwayo Zesi-Irish esibhaliwe zivela cishe ngekhulu lesi-4 ad, futhi ubufakazi Besi-Irish Esidala bukhona kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6. Uhlobo lokuqala olurekhodiwe Lwesi-Irish lufakazelwa emibhalweni yasendulo yezomthetho Yase-Ireland, Imithetho Kabrehon, eyahlanganiswa ngekhulu lesi-7 nelesi-8 ad. Nokho, lolu limi lwaqala ukushintshwa Isi-Irish Sasendulo ngekhulu le-11.
Isi-Irish sanamuhla savela Esi-Irish Sasendulo futhi ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe saba izilimi ezimbili: Isimunster (An mhumhain) Nesiconnacht (Connachta). Ngekhulu le-19, Isi-Irish sase siwulimi oluncane ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe, kodwa izishoshovu ezikhuluma Isi-Irish zandisa iphrofayili yaso Ngokuvuselelwa Kwesigaelic ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lesi sikhathi sabona izincwadi zolimi Lwesi-Irish zichuma futhi zinesithakazelo esikhulu ekufundeni nasekukhulumeni lolu limi.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani lezikhulumi liye landa kancane kancane, ngokusungulwa kweziteshi zomsakazo nezamabonakude ezisakaza Ngesi-Irish, ukwethulwa kolimi Lwesi-Irish njengesifundo ezinhlelweni zezifundo zesikole samabanga aphansi nesamabanga aphakeme, nokuvuselelwa kwesithakazelo olimini nasemasikweni Ase-Ireland eminyakeni yamuva.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Irish?

1. Udouglas hyde (18601949): wayengomunye wabasunguli Begaelic League ngo-1893 futhi wasebenza ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza ulimi Lwesi-Irish, ebhala izincwadi eziningi ngale ndaba.
2. Useán Ó lúing (1910-1985): wayengumbongi nesazi esabhala kabanzi ngezincwadi nolimi Lwesi-Irish, futhi wayengomunye wabantu abahamba phambili ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ulimi.
3. Umáire mhac an tsaoi (1920-2018): wayengumbongi nombhali Wase-Ireland owabhala imisebenzi yakhe ngolimi Lwesi-Irish. Inkondlo yakhe edume kakhulu inesihloko esithi" Ceo Draíochta "("Mystery mist").
4. Upádraig mac piarais (18791916): wayengomunye wabalwi bezombusazwe abaphambili Base-Ireland futhi wayengummeli oqinile wolimi Lwesi-Irish. Wakhuthaza inguquko Yase-Ireland Ngephasika lika-1916 futhi wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ekhonweni labantu Base-Ireland lokubuyisa ulimi lwabo.
5. Ubrian Ó cuív (owazalwa ngo-1939): ungusopolitiki Wase-Ireland osebenze Njengongqongqoshe Wezindaba Zomphakathi, Zasemakhaya Nezasegaeltacht kusukela ngo-1997-2011. Uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulimi Lwesi-Irish ngokwethula imizamo efana Nomthetho Wasegaeltacht Kanye Necebo leminyaka engama-20 Lolimi Lwesi-Irish.

Ulimi Lwesi-Irish lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Ulimi lwesi-Irish (olubizwa nangokuthi Isigaelic noma Isigaelic Sase-Ireland) luwulimi Lwesiceltic olusebenzisa izilimi eziningi. Yakhiwe ngokulandelana kwezenzo-isihloko-into, futhi ayinayo i-morphology yokuguquguquka. Ulimi ngokuyinhloko lunamaqoqo, kugcizelelwa uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama ngalinye. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi zamagama nezamagama ukuze kuvezwe imibono elula neyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela Yokufunda Ulimi Lwesi-Irish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Zicwilise olimini. Lalela irish radio futhi ubuke Irish TV imibukiso ukuba bajwayelane ulimi kanye pronunciation yayo.
2. Funda izinto eziyisisekelo. Start ngokufunda amanye amagama, imishwana, nemithetho yohlelo lolimi Lwesi-Irish evame kakhulu. Amakilasi amaningi okuqala noma izincwadi ziyohlanganisa lezi.
3. Prakthiza nge izikhulumi bomdabu. Ukuya Ezifundweni Zesi-Irish, ukuhlangana nabantu abakhuluma lolu limi, nokuzijwayeza ukukhuluma nabo. Ungathola futhi amabhodi okuxoxa online noma amakamelo okuxoxa lapho ungakhuluma Khona nabantu abakhuluma Isi-Irish.
4. Funda futhi ulalele izincwadi, amaphephandaba kanye nomagazini. Ukufunda izincwadi nokulalela izincwadi ezilalelwayo Ngesi-Irish kungakusiza ukuba uzwe ukuthi ulimi kufanele luzwakale kanjani.
5. Ukuthuthukisa uthando lwakho Isiko Irish. Ukufunda ulimi kulula uma uzicwilisa nasemasikweni. Bukela amafilimu Irish, funda Izincwadi Irish futhi ukuhlola umculo Irish ukuze uthole ukuqonda isiko Irish.
6. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuprakthiza. Ekugcineni, prakthiza nsuku zonke ukuze ungakhohlwa lokho okufundile. Lapho uzijwayeza ngokwengeziwe, uba ngcono!

Ukuhumusha isibasque kuyinkambu eyingqayizivele yokuhumusha lapho amagama olimi Lwesibasque, ulimi lwasendulo olukhulunywa abantu abambalwa ikakhulukazi Enyakatho Yenhlonhlo Yaseiberia, ehunyushelwa kolunye ulimi. Nakuba Isibasque singakhulunywa kabanzi ngaphandle kwezifunda zaso, kunezidingo ezandayo zokuhumushela imibhalo nezokuxhumana kulolu limi ngezinjongo zebhizinisi nezomuntu siqu.

Kunezici eziningana ezenza ukuhunyushwa Kwesibasque kuhluke kwezinye izilimi. Okokuqala, luwulimi olungelona Olwamandiya Aseyurophu olungenaso isihlobo esiseduze noma olufana nanoma yiluphi olunye ulimi emhlabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi kumelwe babe nokuqonda okujulile kolimi futhi babe nekhono elikhulu lokunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile. Okwesibili, ulimi Lwesibasque lunezilimi eziningi nokugcizelela okungahluka kakhulu ngisho nasendaweni encane. Lokhu kudinga izinga elithile lolwazi lwamasiko ukuze kuqondwe ngokunembile ukuhlukahluka kolimi.

Lapho ufuna Umhumushi Wesibasque ,ureiseka ukuthi uneziqu ezifanele. Kufanele babe nolwazi lwendabuko ngolimi, ulwazi olunzulu ngamasiko, nokuhlangenwe nakho emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele babe nokuqonda okujulile kohlelo lolimi, ukwakheka kwamagama, namagama olimi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe izinguqulo ezinembile futhi kulondolozwe incazelo yombhalo.

Ngaphezu kokuhumusha imibhalo, abahumushi Basebasque bangase banikeze nezinsizakalo zabo ekuhumusheni izingxoxo ezibukhoma, ukuqoshwa komsindo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhumusha kungase kudingeke ngisho nasezindaweni noma ezikhumbuzweni ezidinga ulwazi olukhethekile.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ulimi Lwesibasque luhlukile futhi luyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhumusha okunembile kudinga usizo lochwepheshe abanolwazi ngolimi, isiko, nezilimi zabantu Basebasque. Ngosizo lwabo, abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo bangakwazi ukuvala igebe lolimi Phakathi Kwesibasque nolunye ulimi, okuvumela ukuqonda okungcono nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa kuwo Isibasque?

Ulimi Lwesibasque lukhulunywa kakhulu enyakatho Yespain, Ezweni Lasebasque, kodwa lukhulunywa Nasenavarre (Espain) nasezifundazweni Zasebasque Efrance.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesibasque?

Ulimi Lwesibasque luwulimi lwasendulo, olwalukhulunywa Ezindaweni Zasebasque Country nasenavarre Espain Nasefrance izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ulimi Lwesibasque luhlukile; alunazo izihlobo zolimi ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa Zase-Aquitaine ezicishe zaphela. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kolimi Lwesibasque kwaziwa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5 ad, kodwa kunobufakazi bokuthi lwalukhona ngaphambi kwalokho. Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi, Isibasque sasisetshenziswa kakhulu njengolimi lokuhweba, futhi amagama amaningi ayebolekwe afakwa kwezinye izilimi, ikakhulukazi ispanishi nesifulentshi. Nokho, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka alandela, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu limi kwaqala ukwehla. Ngekhulu lama-20, Isibasque sasingasasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi Zezwe Lasebasque, futhi kwezinye izindawo, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwakungavunyelwe. Lesi sikhathi sokwehla sahlehliswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwavuselelwa isithakazelo olimini okwaholela ekutheni kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela nokukhuthaza ulimi. Kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa Kwesibasque ezikoleni nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi, futhi manje sifundiswa kwezinye izikole Ezweni Lasebasque. Ulimi lusetshenziswa kabanzi kwabezindaba, ezincwadini nasezobuciko bokwenza. Naphezu kwalemizamo, ulimi Lwesibasque lusengozini, futhi abantu Abangaba ngu-33% Kuphela Ezweni Lasebasque abakwazi ukulukhuluma namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibasque?

1. Usabino Arana (18651903): isizwe sasebasque, usopolitiki nombhali. Wayengumhlahlandlela emkhankasweni Wokuvuselelwa kolimi Lwesibasque futhi udunyiswa ngokudala uhlelo olujwayelekile lokupela Isibasque.
2. I-Resurrección María de Azkue (18641951): Isazi Sezilimi nesazi sezichazamazwi esabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala Sesibasque nespanishi.
3. Ubernardo Estornés Lasa (1916-2008): uprofesa Ovelele wezincwadi Zasebasque, umbhali kanye nembongi. Wasungula indlela yokuqala yokubhala Yesibasque yanamuhla.
4. Ukoldo mitxelena (1915-1997): Isazi Sezilimi noprofesa Wezilimi Zasebasque. Wayengomunye wabasunguli bezilimi zesibasque zanamuhla.
5. Upello Erroteta (owazalwa ngo-1954): Umbhali wamanoveli, umbhali wemidlalo kanye noprofesa Wezincwadi Zasebasque. Ubhale kabanzi ngamasiko Asebasque futhi wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa Kwesibasque ezincwadini.

Ulimi Lwesibasque lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibasque luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lunezela izijobelelo nezijobelelo emagameni ukuze kuvezwe izincazelo ezihlukene. I-syntax iningi layo liyi-topic-comment ngesakhiwo, lapho isihloko sifika kuqala bese kulandela okuqukethwe okuyinhloko. Kukhona nokuthambekela ekwakhekeni kwesenzo sokuqala. Isibasque sinezindlela ezimbili zokukhuluma: enye yamanje nenye yesikhathi esidlule, nezimo ezintathu (ezibonisa, ezichaza, eziphoqelelayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi luqukethe izigaba eziningi zamagama, ezinqunywa ngohlamvu lokugcina lwegama nobulili begama.

Indlela Yokufunda Ulimi Basque ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Ukutshala imali emithonjeni yokufunda efana nezincwadi noma izifundo eziku-inthanethi. Isibasque singesinye sezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu futhi kungaba nzima ukusifunda ngaphandle kwemithombo eyanele.
2. Lalela izinhlelo zomsakazo, ubuke imibukiso yethelevishini, futhi ufunde izincwadi Ezithile Ngesibasque. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okungcono kolimi futhi kukunikeze izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zokuthi lusetshenziswa kanjani.
3. Thatha amakilasi. Ngezinye izikhathi amanyuvesi nezinhlangano zendawo zinikeza amakilasi olimi noma ukufundiswa Ngesibasque. Ngokuvamile lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba elihle lokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu futhi zithole okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo.
4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma. Ukubiza amagama ngesibasque kungaba inselele. Prakthiza njalo futhi impendulo evela izikhulumi bomdabu kungakusiza uthole ukhululekile kakhudlwana ngolimi.
5. Thola umlingani ingxoxo. Thola Umuntu okhuluma Basque futhi uzimisele ukuxhumana nawe okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ukuba nomlingani engxoxweni kungaba indlela enhle ukuhlala ugqozi futhi ufunde ulimi in umongo.