Ibasque Isilatini Humusha

Ukuhumusha isibasque kuyinkambu eyingqayizivele yokuhumusha lapho amagama olimi Lwesibasque, ulimi lwasendulo olukhulunywa abantu abambalwa ikakhulukazi Enyakatho Yenhlonhlo Yaseiberia, ehunyushelwa kolunye ulimi. Nakuba Isibasque singakhulunywa kabanzi ngaphandle kwezifunda zaso, kunezidingo ezandayo zokuhumushela imibhalo nezokuxhumana kulolu limi ngezinjongo zebhizinisi nezomuntu siqu.

Kunezici eziningana ezenza ukuhunyushwa Kwesibasque kuhluke kwezinye izilimi. Okokuqala, luwulimi olungelona Olwamandiya Aseyurophu olungenaso isihlobo esiseduze noma olufana nanoma yiluphi olunye ulimi emhlabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi kumelwe babe nokuqonda okujulile kolimi futhi babe nekhono elikhulu lokunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile. Okwesibili, ulimi Lwesibasque lunezilimi eziningi nokugcizelela okungahluka kakhulu ngisho nasendaweni encane. Lokhu kudinga izinga elithile lolwazi lwamasiko ukuze kuqondwe ngokunembile ukuhlukahluka kolimi.

Lapho ufuna Umhumushi Wesibasque ,ureiseka ukuthi uneziqu ezifanele. Kufanele babe nolwazi lwendabuko ngolimi, ulwazi olunzulu ngamasiko, nokuhlangenwe nakho emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele babe nokuqonda okujulile kohlelo lolimi, ukwakheka kwamagama, namagama olimi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe izinguqulo ezinembile futhi kulondolozwe incazelo yombhalo.

Ngaphezu kokuhumusha imibhalo, abahumushi Basebasque bangase banikeze nezinsizakalo zabo ekuhumusheni izingxoxo ezibukhoma, ukuqoshwa komsindo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhumusha kungase kudingeke ngisho nasezindaweni noma ezikhumbuzweni ezidinga ulwazi olukhethekile.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ulimi Lwesibasque luhlukile futhi luyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhumusha okunembile kudinga usizo lochwepheshe abanolwazi ngolimi, isiko, nezilimi zabantu Basebasque. Ngosizo lwabo, abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo bangakwazi ukuvala igebe lolimi Phakathi Kwesibasque nolunye ulimi, okuvumela ukuqonda okungcono nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa kuwo Isibasque?

Ulimi Lwesibasque lukhulunywa kakhulu enyakatho Yespain, Ezweni Lasebasque, kodwa lukhulunywa Nasenavarre (Espain) nasezifundazweni Zasebasque Efrance.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesibasque?

Ulimi Lwesibasque luwulimi lwasendulo, olwalukhulunywa Ezindaweni Zasebasque Country nasenavarre Espain Nasefrance izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ulimi Lwesibasque luhlukile; alunazo izihlobo zolimi ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa Zase-Aquitaine ezicishe zaphela. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kolimi Lwesibasque kwaziwa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5 ad, kodwa kunobufakazi bokuthi lwalukhona ngaphambi kwalokho. Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi, Isibasque sasisetshenziswa kakhulu njengolimi lokuhweba, futhi amagama amaningi ayebolekwe afakwa kwezinye izilimi, ikakhulukazi ispanishi nesifulentshi. Nokho, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka alandela, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu limi kwaqala ukwehla. Ngekhulu lama-20, Isibasque sasingasasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi Zezwe Lasebasque, futhi kwezinye izindawo, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwakungavunyelwe. Lesi sikhathi sokwehla sahlehliswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwavuselelwa isithakazelo olimini okwaholela ekutheni kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela nokukhuthaza ulimi. Kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa Kwesibasque ezikoleni nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi, futhi manje sifundiswa kwezinye izikole Ezweni Lasebasque. Ulimi lusetshenziswa kabanzi kwabezindaba, ezincwadini nasezobuciko bokwenza. Naphezu kwalemizamo, ulimi Lwesibasque lusengozini, futhi abantu Abangaba ngu-33% Kuphela Ezweni Lasebasque abakwazi ukulukhuluma namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesibasque?

1. Usabino Arana (18651903): isizwe sasebasque, usopolitiki nombhali. Wayengumhlahlandlela emkhankasweni Wokuvuselelwa kolimi Lwesibasque futhi udunyiswa ngokudala uhlelo olujwayelekile lokupela Isibasque.
2. I-Resurrección María de Azkue (18641951): Isazi Sezilimi nesazi sezichazamazwi esabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala Sesibasque nespanishi.
3. Ubernardo Estornés Lasa (1916-2008): uprofesa Ovelele wezincwadi Zasebasque, umbhali kanye nembongi. Wasungula indlela yokuqala yokubhala Yesibasque yanamuhla.
4. Ukoldo mitxelena (1915-1997): Isazi Sezilimi noprofesa Wezilimi Zasebasque. Wayengomunye wabasunguli bezilimi zesibasque zanamuhla.
5. Upello Erroteta (owazalwa ngo-1954): Umbhali wamanoveli, umbhali wemidlalo kanye noprofesa Wezincwadi Zasebasque. Ubhale kabanzi ngamasiko Asebasque futhi wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa Kwesibasque ezincwadini.

Ulimi Lwesibasque lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesibasque luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lunezela izijobelelo nezijobelelo emagameni ukuze kuvezwe izincazelo ezihlukene. I-syntax iningi layo liyi-topic-comment ngesakhiwo, lapho isihloko sifika kuqala bese kulandela okuqukethwe okuyinhloko. Kukhona nokuthambekela ekwakhekeni kwesenzo sokuqala. Isibasque sinezindlela ezimbili zokukhuluma: enye yamanje nenye yesikhathi esidlule, nezimo ezintathu (ezibonisa, ezichaza, eziphoqelelayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi luqukethe izigaba eziningi zamagama, ezinqunywa ngohlamvu lokugcina lwegama nobulili begama.

Indlela Yokufunda Ulimi Basque ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Ukutshala imali emithonjeni yokufunda efana nezincwadi noma izifundo eziku-inthanethi. Isibasque singesinye sezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu futhi kungaba nzima ukusifunda ngaphandle kwemithombo eyanele.
2. Lalela izinhlelo zomsakazo, ubuke imibukiso yethelevishini, futhi ufunde izincwadi Ezithile Ngesibasque. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okungcono kolimi futhi kukunikeze izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zokuthi lusetshenziswa kanjani.
3. Thatha amakilasi. Ngezinye izikhathi amanyuvesi nezinhlangano zendawo zinikeza amakilasi olimi noma ukufundiswa Ngesibasque. Ngokuvamile lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba elihle lokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu futhi zithole okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo.
4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma. Ukubiza amagama ngesibasque kungaba inselele. Prakthiza njalo futhi impendulo evela izikhulumi bomdabu kungakusiza uthole ukhululekile kakhudlwana ngolimi.
5. Thola umlingani ingxoxo. Thola Umuntu okhuluma Basque futhi uzimisele ukuxhumana nawe okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ukuba nomlingani engxoxweni kungaba indlela enhle ukuhlala ugqozi futhi ufunde ulimi in umongo.

Ukuhumusha ngesilatini kuwumkhuba osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Kuhilela ukuhumusha umbhalo usuka kolunye ulimi uye kolunye, ngokuvamile usuka olimini lwesilatini uye esingisini noma kolunye ulimi lwanamuhla. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, isilatini siwulimi lwezazi, ososayensi nababhali. Ngisho nanamuhla, isilatini sinendima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, njengomthetho, imithi, Nesonto Lamakatolika.

Ukuze aqale umsebenzi wokuhumusha, umhumushi kumelwe akhombe ulimi oluwumthombo, ngokuvamile oluyisilatini olusho imisebenzi yokuhumusha ehilela isilatini. Khona-ke, kumelwe babe nokuqonda okuqinile ngolimi lwesilatini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nolwazi lolimi kanye nesakhiwo salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kumelwe abe nokuqonda okuhle kakhulu kolimi okubhekiswe kulo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi umehluko wamasiko olimi ukuze kuboniswe ngokunembile ithoni nencazelo yombhalo wokuqala.

Lapho ulimi oluwumthombo selukhonjwe futhi umhumushi esenamakhono adingekayo, angaqala ukuhumusha. Kuye ngobunzima bombhalo wokuqala nezilaleli ezihlosiwe, kunezindlela eziningana umhumushi angazisebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umbhalo uhunyushelwa izilaleli ezivamile ezingaqondi isilatini, umhumushi angase akhethe ukusebenzisa amagama namagama anamuhla kunamagama esilatini angokoqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emibhalweni edinga ukuhunyushwa okusemthethweni, umhumushi angase akhethe ukuhlala ethembekile embhalweni wesilatini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isilatini siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Inezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingase zibe nzima kumhumushi ongaqondi kahle ulimi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile kungcono ukushiya izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zesilatini kumhumushi onguchwepheshe onolwazi kulo mkhakha.

Kunoma yikuphi ukuhumusha, ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinguqulo kumelwe zidlulisele ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo wokuqala ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ithoni, isitayela, noma umyalezo owawuhloselwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuhunyushwa isilatini, njengoba amaphutha angaholela kalula ekudidekeni noma ekungaxhumani kahle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuhlola nokuhlola kabili umbhalo ohunyushiwe kubalulekile.

Ukuhumusha kuyikhono elithatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ukuliqonda. Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isilatini, ngokuvamile ochwepheshe bayindlela engcono kakhulu. Banamathuluzi nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze bahumushe umbhalo wesilatini ngokunembile esingisini noma kolunye ulimi. Njengoba umhumushi ofanelekayo ephatha lo msebenzi, abahumushi besilatini bangaqiniseka ngokunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezithembekile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini alukhulunywa njengolimi oluyinhloko kunoma yiliphi izwe, kodwa lusetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezisemthethweni Evatican City Naseriphabhuliki Yasesan Marino. Isilatini sifundwa futhi njengolimi noma sifundiswa njengengxenye yezifundo emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise Ne-United States, Ifrance, Ispain, Iportugal, I-Italy, Ipoland, Iromania, Ijalimane, I-Austria, Inetherlands, Ibelgium, Iswitzerland, Icanada, Imexico, Icolombia, Ibrazil, Ivenezuela, Iperu, I-Argentina, Ichile, I-Ecuador, Ibolivia, I-Uruguay, Iparaguay, namanye amazwe ahlukahlukene.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini lunomlando omude osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Yaqala njengolimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu futhi yasetshenziswa okokuqala enhlonhlweni yase-italy Phakathi Nenkathi yensimbi. Ukusuka lapho, yasakazekela kwezinye izindawo ezinjenge-Iberia, Igaul, Futhi ekugcineni Yasakazekela Ebrithani phakathi nenkathi yakudala yombuso Waseroma. Isilatini sasiwulimi olusemthethweni Lombuso Waseroma iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi saba ulimi Lobukatolika Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi. Phakathi nenkathi Yokuvuselelwa kwesintu, isilatini savuselelwa futhi sasetshenziselwa izinjongo zesayensi, zemfundo nezemibhalo. Ekhulwini le-19, lathathelwa indawo izilimi Zesiromance njengolimi oluyinhloko lokuxhumana, kodwa lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezindaweni ezithile zezikhungo nasezinhlosweni zenkolo nezemfundo.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesilatini?

1. Ucicero (106 bc 43 bc) – isikhulu sikahulumeni Waseroma, ummeli nesikhulumi, okwathi ngokubhala kwakhe nangezinkulumo zakhe, sathonya kakhulu ulimi lwesilatini.
2. Uvirgil (70 bc – 19 bc) – imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngenkondlo yayo ebabazekayo, i-Aeneid, eyayibhalwe ngesilatini. Umsebenzi wakhe uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
3. Ujulius caesar (100 bc 44 bc) – umlawuli wamaroma kanye nosomabhizinisi imibhalo yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
4. Uhorace (65 bc-8 bc) - imbongi yaseroma enezingoma zayo kanye namahlaya ayo abe nomthelela ohlala njalo ezinkondlweni zesilatini.
5. U-Ovid (43 bc 17 ad) - imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yayo elandisayo, Njenge-Metamorphoses, eye yacebisa kakhulu i-prose yesilatini.

Ulimi lwesilatini lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesilatini sisekelwe esimisweni sokwehla okuyisihlanu, okuyiqembu lamagama nezichasiso ezihlanganyela iziphetho ezifanayo. Ukuhlehla ngakunye kuqukethe amacala ayisithupha ahlukene: okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, nokuqanjiwe. Isilatini sinezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganiswa kwezenzi: okuvamile nokungajwayelekile. Isakhiwo sesilatini sihlanganisa nezijobelelo, izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nezibizo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesilatini ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start izinto eziyisisekelo. Thatha izifundo noma uthenge incwadi ehlanganisa izisekelo zohlelo lolimi lwesilatini namagama, njengelithi "Essential latin" Likajohn c. Traupman noma elithi "Wheelock' s latin" likafrederic m. Wheelock.
2. Lalela latin okuqoshiwe audio. Uma kungenzeka, thola okuqoshiwe audio of Latin ezikhulunywa izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde lengiyo pronunciation and intonation.
3. Prakthiza ukufunda Latin. Funda imibhalo yesilatini efana nemisebenzi yababhali bakudala kuhlanganise Novirgil Nocicero, izincwadi zemithandazo ezindala, nezincwadi zesimanje zezincwadi zesilatini.
4. Bhala ngesilatini. Njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile ngesilatini, umkhuba ukubhala ngesilatini ukuze ujwayelane kakhudlwana nohlelo lolimi olufanele nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
5. Khuluma Isilatini. Joyina iqembu lendawo lesilatini, ubhalise esifundweni sesilatini esiku-inthanethi, futhi uhlanganyele ezinseleleni zokuhumusha isilatini ukuze uzijwayeze ukukhuluma lolu limi.