Isi-Javanese Khmer Humusha

Isijava siwulimi olusemthethweni E-Indonesia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-75. Lolu limi lunomlando omude, futhi eminyakeni yamuva, inani labantu abalufundayo liye landa. Ngenxa yalokho, abahumushi abakhuluma Isijava ngokushelelayo bafunwa kakhulu.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni Isijava, ukunemba nokuzwela kwamasiko kubaluleke kakhulu. Abahumushi kumelwe baqonde izincazelo zamasiko olimi futhi bakwazi ukudlulisela izincazelo ngokunembile futhi basebenzise amagama afanele. Nakuba ukuhumusha ngomshini kuya ngokuya kuthandwa, akukwazi ngempela ukubamba imininingwane ehlukile yolimi. Ngakho-ke, abahumushi abangabantu abangochwepheshe basabhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu.

Uhlelo lolimi lwesijava lungaba nzima ukulufunda nokuluqonda, okwenza kube okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuthola umuntu olwazi kahle lolu limi. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe Basejava kufanele bazi kahle ulimi, isiko lalo, kanye nemininingwane ehlukahlukene yezilimi. Kumelwe futhi babe nolwazi olunzulu ngendaba yombhalo okudingeka uhunyushwe, njengoba amagama nokusetshenziswa kwawo kungahluka kuye ngomongo.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wephrojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucela izinkomba namasampula omsebenzi wabo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukukala amakhono abo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kufanelekile for project yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho ,ureiseka ukuthi ubuza abahumushi mayelana nezinqubomgomo zobumfihlo abanazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwakho luhlala luphephile.

With umhumushi abanolwazi futhi onokwethenjelwa, ungaqiniseka ukuthola izinguqulo olunembile kakhulu futhi namasiko ebucayi etholakalayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga izinguqulo Zesijava ngezinjongo zebhizinisi, zomthetho, noma zomuntu siqu, umhumushi onguchwepheshe uyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokwethembeka.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesijava olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isijava siwulimi lwendabuko lwabantu basejava, abahlala ikakhulukazi esiqhingini Sasejava e-Indonesia. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasesuriname, Esingapore, Emalaysia Nasenew caledonia.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesijava?

Ulimi Lwesijava luwulimi lwase-Austroasiatic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-85, ikakhulukazi esiqhingini Sasejava E-Indonesia. Lolunye lwezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emndenini wezilimi zase-Austronesia, olukhulunywa kakhulu kuzo zonke iziqhingi Zase-Indonesia.
Isijava sinomlando omude futhi ocebile, nemibhalo yokuba khona kwaso kusukela ngekhulu le-12 ce. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kukholakala ukuthi yathonywa kakhulu Isisanskrit, Isitamil Nesibali, kanye nezinye izilimi zase-Austronesia. Lokhu kuthonya kusabonakala ngokucacile olimini namuhla, amagama amaningi athathwe kulezi zilimi ezindala.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, Isijava sikhulunywa Kakhulu Ecentral Nasempumalanga Java futhi siwulimi oluvamile kule ndawo. Isetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni, kuhlanganise nokusakazwa kwezindaba nokuxhumana kukahulumeni, kuyilapho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu njengolimi lwendabuko ngabantu bendawo. Isijava sifundiswa nakwezinye izikole, ikakhulukazi Ecentral Nasempumalanga java.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesijava?

1. Uraden Adjeng Kartini (18791904): owesifazane Wasejava owabhala kabanzi ngesimo esibucayi sabesifazane namalungelo abo emphakathini nasemasikweni endabuko asejava. Ubhekwa njengomhlahlandlela wenhlangano yabesifazane, futhi imisebenzi yakhe iyingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi Zasejava.
2. Upangeran diponegoro (17851855): inkosana yasejava nomholi wezempi owahola ukuvukela okuphumelelayo ngokumelene nombuso wamakoloni wasedashi ngo-1825. Imibono yakhe nemibhalo yakhe kuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuzwe Basejava.
3. Ur. A. wiranatakusumah IV (18091851): isazi sefilosofi, umbhali kanye nesazi sezilimi sasejava esasinomthwalo wokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokubhala lwesijava lwanamuhla. Wabhala nezincwadi eziningana ngesiko nezincwadi Zasejava.
4. Ur. M.Ng. Uronggowarsito (18221889): Uyisithunywa sevangeli Sasejava, umbhali kanye nembongi eyabhala kabanzi ngomphakathi Wasejava, umlando namasiko. Uhlonishwa ngokubhala inkondlo edumile yasejava Ethi Serat Centhini.
5. Umas Marco Kartodikromo (18941966): isazi Esidumile Sasejava esacwaninga futhi sabhala kabanzi ngolimi Lwesijava, izincwadi, amasiko namasiko. Uhlonishwa ngesichazamazwi solimi Lwesijava, incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngohlelo lokubhala Lwesijava lwanamuhla.

Ulimi Lwesijava lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesijava luyingxenye yolimi lwase-Austronesia, oluhlobene Nesi-Indonesia nezinye izilimi ezikhulunywa Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia. Njengezilimi eziningi zalesi sifunda, Isijava siwulimi oluhlukanisayo; okungukuthi, sinokuguquguquka okumbalwa futhi amagama awahlanganiswa neziqalo, izijobelelo, nezinye izinguquko ukuze kwakheke izincazelo ezintsha. Amagama awaphawuliwe ngobulili, ubuningi, nesimo, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo kulula impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi Kwesijava Nesi-Indonesia, amagama amaningi ayisisekelo nemishwana kuyabiwa phakathi kwalezi zilimi ezimbili.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Lwesijava ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola uhlelo oluhlonishwayo Lolimi Lwesijava noma umfundisi. Uma kungenzeka, thola eyodwa egxile ekufundiseni ulimi esimweni sesiko ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda umongo wesiko kanye nama-nuances olimi.
2. Makeiseka ukuthi ukhetha uhlelo olusebenzisa amasu okufunda anamuhla, njengezifundo zevidiyo, amafayela alalelwayo, nokuvivinya umzimba okuhlangene.
3. Faka imali ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zolimi Lwesijava, njengezincwadi zokufunda, izichazamazwi nezincwadi zokuxoxa.
4. Zitholele umlingani wolimi Lwesijava, njengesikhulumi somdabu noma umuntu ofunda ulimi.
5. Faka isikhathi nomzamo wokuzijwayeza nokubuyekeza njalo.
6. Joyina imiphakathi online noma amaqembu lapho ungakwazi ukuxoxa nabanye abafundi kanye izikhulumi bomdabu Java.
7. St ugqozi ngokubeka imigomo emincane ongayifinyelela kalula.
8. Uma kungenzeka, hamba Uye Ejava futhi uzicwilise olimini nasemasikweni.

Isikhmer siwulimi olusemthethweni Ecambodia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 emhlabeni wonke. Lolu limi lungolwemindeni Yezilimi Zase-Austroasiatic, ezihlanganisa Izilimi Zasevietnam Nezasemon-Khmer ezifana Nesikhmer Nesimon. Isikhmer sihlukile ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni zaso Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia ngenxa yesimiso saso sokubhala. Umbhalo Wesikhmer, owaziwa ngokuthi "Khmer Rouge" ngenxa yokuhlobana kwawo ngokomlando neqembu elibusayo Lamakhomanisi phakathi Nempi yombango Yasecambodia, usebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu zamakhonsonanti nezimpawu zokubhala ezinama-syllabic.

Naphezu kwezimpawu zayo zokubhala, isimiso sokubhala Samakhmer silula ukusifunda uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izilimi zasempumalanga Asia. Izinhlamvu zihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile, okwenza kube lula ukuzifunda. Lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni ukuhumusha Isikhmer kube lula kunokuhumusha okuhilela ezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesikhmer ziya ngokuya zifunwa ngenxa yokwanda kwezokuvakasha namathuba ebhizinisi Ecambodia. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwavela izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha ukuze zisize ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwesingisi Nesikhmer.

Lapho ukhetha inkampani yokuhumusha Yesikhmer, kubalulekile ukucabangela okuhlangenwe nakho komhumushi nolwazi lwakhe lolimi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi ujwayelene nesiko futhi ugcizelela ama-nuances athile olimini okungenzeka ukuthi anganakwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yokuhumusha inikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifike ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungenza umehluko lapho uxhumana namabhizinisi noma abantu Ecambodia. Ukunemba kuyisihluthulelo semibhalo yebhizinisi nezivumelwano, ngakho kukhokhela ukutshala imali kubahumushi abathembekile Abangamakhmer.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuthola inkampani yokuhumusha enikeza amanani okuncintisana. Njengoba izinkampani eziningi kangaka zinikeza izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Ngesikhmer, ikhokha ukuze ithenge futhi iqhathanise amanani ukuze ithole isivumelwano esihle kakhulu.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesikhmer zingaba usizo olukhulu kubantu ngabanye nakumabhizinisi afuna ukwenza ibhizinisi Ecambodia. Ngomhumushi ofanele, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabo kunembile futhi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo. Ngakho unganqikazi ukubheka Khmer translation services uma une isidingo kubo.

Yimaphi amazwe Akhulunywa Ngolimi Lwesikhmer?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer lukhulunywa Kakhulu Ecambodia. Kukhulunywa Nasevietnam Nasethailand, phakathi kwamanye amazwe.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesikhmer?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer luwulimi lwase-Austroasiatic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-16 Ecambodia, Evietnam, Ethailand Nasefrance. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Ecambodia futhi belusetshenziswa kule ndawo kusukela ngekhulu lokuqala A. D..
Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Ngesikhmer iqala ngekhulu lesi-7 a. d., kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lolu limi lwalukhona isikhathi eside kunalokho. Emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-7, Umbuso Wamakhmer wawubuswa abantu Abakhuluma isisanskrit Endiya. Ngekhulu lesi-8, ulimi Lwesikhmer lwaqala ukuvela njengesilimi esihlukile.
Ulimi Lwesikhmer nalo lwaluthonywe kakhulu ulimi Lwesipali, olwaluthathwe Eningizimu India ngekhulu lesi-9 yizithunywa zevangeli Zamabuddha Zasendiya. Ithonya Lesipali nesisanskrit, elihlanganiswe nolimi lwendabuko lwase-Austroasiatic lwalesi sifunda, lazala Isikhmer sanamuhla.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Isikhmer siye sathandwa kakhulu futhi manje siwulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu Ecambodia. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Zenhlangano yezizwe Zaseningizimu-Mpumalanga Asia (ASEAN).

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesikhmer?

1. Upreah Ang Eng (wekhulu le-17): umuntu obalulekile emlandweni wolimi Lwesikhmer, Upreah Ang Eng wabhala imisebenzi eminingana eyasiza ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ulimi. Uhlonishwa ngokusungula umshini wokuqala Wokunyathelisa Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia kanye nokwethula inguqulo ebhaliwe yolimi Lwesikhmer.
2. Uchey Chankirirom (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19): Uchey chankirirom uthathwa njengomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kolimi lwesikhmer lwanamuhla. Wasungula indlela yokubhala esekelwe embhalweni wesidevanagari osasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi wayenesibopho sokwenza ukupela amagama nohlelo lolimi kube yinto evamile.
3. Uthong hy (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20): Uthong hy waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe omusha ekuthuthukiseni Isichazamazwi Sesikhmer. Isichazamazwi sakhe sanyatheliswa ngo-1923 futhi sisasetshenziswa kabanzi njengethuluzi lokubhekisela olimini Lwesikhmer.
4. Uvenerable chuon nath (wekhulu lama-20): umbhishobhi Wasewat botum Vaddey, Uvenerable chuon nath uhlonishwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokulondoloza nokukhuthaza ulimi Lwesikhmer. Wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuhlanganyela izimfundiso Zobubuddha Ngesikhmer futhi uvame ukuhlonishwa ngokusiza ekulondolozeni isiko lamakhmer.
5. Uhuy Kanthoul (wekhulu lama-21): Omunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu olimini Lwesikhmer namuhla, Uhuy Kanthoul unguprofesa nesazi sezilimi esisebenze ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesikhmer kwezemfundo. Uye wasungula izincwadi eziningana zolimi Lwesikhmer futhi ungummeli oqinile wamalungelo olimi Lwesikhmer.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesikhmer sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer luwulimi lwase-Austroasiatic, oluphakathi komndeni omncane wamamonkhmer. Luwulimi lokuhlaziya olunohlelo lwamagama oluhlobene nesenzo nesenzo futhi lusebenzisa izijobelelo esikhundleni sezijobelelo. Inesimiso esicebile sezijobelelo, kuhlanganise nezijobelelo ezihlukahlukene, izijobelelo, nezijobelelo. Amagama Its abhalwe ngenombolo futhi izenzi zawo zibhalwe ngomuntu, inombolo, isici, izwi nesimo sengqondo. Futhi inohlelo lwamathoni olunamathoni amahlanu, asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izincazelo ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Khmer ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda zamagama: Khmer kulotshiwe usebenzisa umbhalo abugida ngokuthi Aksar Khmer, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqala ngokujwayelana ngokwakho izinhlamvu kanye nezindlela zabo ezihlukahlukene. Ungathola izinsiza online ukukusiza ufunde zamagama.
2. Master silulumagama eziyisisekelo: Uma ujwayelene zamagama, uqale ukusebenza ekufundeni amagama ayisisekelo nemishwana Khmer. Ungasebenzisa izichazamazwi online, izincwadi zokufunda, kanye zokusebenza ukubheka up amazwi kanye practice pronunciation.
3. Thatha ikilasi: Uma ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi ufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, bhalisela ikilasi lolimi Lwesikhmer esikoleni noma eyunivesithi yendawo. Ukuthatha ikilasi kuzokunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo nokuzijwayeza nomfundisi.
4. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu: ukuze ujwayelane ngempela nendlela Khmer kukhulunywa, zama ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ukulalela izikhulumi zomdabu. Ungabuka imibukiso yethelevishini noma amabhayisikobho Ngesikhmer, ulalele ama-podcast, noma uthole izingoma ngolimi.
5. Prakthiza ukubhala nokukhuluma: Uma une ukuqonda eziyisisekelo ulimi, uqale ukuprakthiza ukubhala nokukhuluma Khmer. In ukufunda ngolimi bese uzama ukuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukwakha ukuzethemba nokuthuthukisa amakhono akho.