Amahebhere Bashkir Guqulela

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje Kuye Kwanda Imfuneko Yabaguquleli besihebhere

Imfuno yenguqulelo yesihebhere iya isanda, njengoko amashishini amaninzi ngakumbi efuna iinkonzo ukuvala umqobo wolwimi phakathi kwabo kunye nemibutho yamaqabane aphesheya kolwandle. Kwixesha elidluleyo, oku kwakupheleliselwe ekuguqulelweni kweendinyana zonqulo, kodwa ihlabathi lanamhlanje liye landa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwenkcubeko, olukhokelela kwimfuno engakumbi yabaguquleli besihebhere.

Njengolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, isihebhere siyintsonkothile kwaye sibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ikwayilwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lakwasirayeli, isenza ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini ehlabathi ukuba akwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zesihebhere ezinokuthenjwa. Ngezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 kwihlabathi liphela, akukho kunqongophala kwabathengi abanokufuna uncedo lokuguqulela amaxwebhu abo, iiwebhusayithi, ii-apps, okanye ii-imeyile ukusuka okanye ukuya kwisihebhere.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo, inguqulelo yesihebhere inokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Umguquleli akafanele aphelele nje ngokutyibilikayo kulwimi lwakhe kuphela, kodwa umele azazi izinto ezifihlakeleyo neziyeleleneyo ezisetyenziswa ziinkcubeko nemimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, igrama yesihebhere yahluke kakhulu kwisingesi, ke umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nazo zombini ukuze adlulisele ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo wantlandlolo.

Ngethamsanqa, abaguquleli besihebhere abanamava bafumaneka ehlabathini lonke. Nokuba ufuna umguquleli ozinikeleyo ukuba ancede kwiinkqubo zakho zeshishini zamanye amazwe, okanye umntu oza kukunceda ngenguqulelo yoxwebhu lwexesha elinye, unokufumana ingcali efanelekileyo enokukunceda.

Ukusuka kwezomthetho nezonyango ukusa kwezezimali nakwezamasiko, ubuchule bokuguqulela isihebhere bunokuvulela amathuba amaninzi anengeniso. Njengoko imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela iqhubeka ikhula, ngokunjalo nemfuno yabaguquleli abasemgangathweni kule nkalo. Iingcali ezinamava ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kufumana umsebenzi omninzi, ngelixa abo batsha ekuguquleleni banokuzuza kwimfuno ekhulayo ngokwandisa ubuchule babo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihebhere?

Isihebhere sithethwa Kwasirayeli, eunited States, Ekhanada, Efransi Naseargentina. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonqulo kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya I-United Kingdom, Ijamani, Isweden Nebulgaria.

Iyintoni imbali yesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lunembali yamandulo kunye nebali. Yenye yeelwimi ezindala emhlabeni kwaye iyinxalenye yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda. Kukholelwa ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lwesihebhere lwaphuhliswa kwindawo Yasepalestina ngekhulu le-12 BCE. Isihebhere sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwamasirayeli ebudeni bexesha Lokubhalwa Kwebhayibhile, yaye kamva saba lulwimi loncwadi Loorabhi nomthandazo.
Ngexesha lokuthinjwa Kwamabhabhiloni ukususela ngo-586-538 BCE, Amayuda amkela iimali-mboleko Ze-Akkadian. Emva kokuwa Kwetempile yesibini ngo-70 CE, isihebhere saqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza ekusebenziseni kwansuku zonke, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo luye lwaguquka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, Ezifana Nesiyuda Sasepalestina Aramaic Kunye Neyiddish. Ukusetyenziswa kwesihebhere kwavuselelwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokuzalwa kwengcamango Yeziyon kunye nokusekwa Kwelizwe lakwasirayeli lanamhlanje ngo-1948. Namhlanje, isihebhere sithetha ngezigidi zabantu Kwasirayeli nakwihlabathi liphela.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wesihebhere samanje," Uben-Yehuda waba negalelo ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lwesihebhere, olwaluphelile njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Wadala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesihebhere, waqulunqa inkqubo yokupela kunye neencwadi ezininzi zokunceda ukusasaza ulwazi lolwimi.
2. Umoses Mendelssohn (1729-1786): Umyuda wasejamani ochazwa ngokwazisa isihebhere kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda kubantu abathetha isijamani ngokubanzi. Ukuguqulelwa Kwakhe Kwetorah ukusuka kwisihebhere ukusa kwisijamani kwazisa le nguqulelo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwaza kwakhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwesihebhere Eyurophu.
3. U-Hayim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): imbongi engumsirayeli kunye nomphengululi, Ubialik wayengumxhasi omkhulu wesihebhere kunye nokudala isithethe esityebileyo soncwadi lwesihebhere. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi kulwimi kwaye wazisa amagama amatsha esihebhere kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa namhlanje.
4. Uezra Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Unyana Kaeliyezere, lo mbhali wolwimi nombhali wesichazi-magama wathabatha umsebenzi kayise waza waqhubeka nawo. Wadala ithesaurus yokuqala yesihebhere, wabhala ngokubanzi ngegrama yesihebhere, kwaye wabhala ngokubambisana iphephandaba lokuqala lesihebhere.
5. Uchaim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): Umntakwabo Hayim, Uchaim naye waba negalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere. Wayengumhlalutyi woncwadi owaziwayo, egxeka uncwadi lwesihebhere yaye ephuhlisa ilayibrari yembekiselo yesihebhere. Kwakhona wayenoxanduva lokuguqulela imisebenzi yeklasikhi ukusuka kwiilwimi Zaseyurophu ukuya kwisihebhere.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lulwimi Lwamasemitic kwaye lulandela inkqubo yokubhala ye-abjad. Kubhaliwe ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, kusetyenziswa oonobumba besihebhere. Igama elisisiseko lesivakalisi sesihebhere sisenzi-isihloko-into. Izibizo, izichazi, izibhengezo, kunye nezihlomelo zichaphazeleka ngenxa yesini, inombolo, kunye/okanye ilifa. Izenzi zidibaniswa nomntu, inombolo, isini, uxinzelelo, imood kunye nomba.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihebhere ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngealfabhethi. Zive ukhululekile ukufunda, ukubhala nokubhala iileta. 2. Funda iziseko zegrama yesihebhere. Qala ngokudibanisa izenzi kunye nokuhla kwesibizo. 3. Yakha isigama sakho. Funda amagama asisiseko afana neentsuku zeveki, iinyanga, amanani, amabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha isihebhere nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuncokola yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda! 5. Funda iincwadi zesihebhere uze ubukele iividiyo zesihebhere ezinemibhalo engezantsi. 6. Mamela umculo wesihebhere kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. 7. Sebenzisa izibonelelo zesihebhere ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi eziluncedo kunye neeapps zokufunda isihebhere. 8. Yenza isihebhere sibe yinxalenye yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ukubandakanya ulwimi kwimihla ngemihla kuya kukunceda ukuba uluthathe ngokukhawuleza.

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwakudala Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu basebashkir Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, Erashiya. Lilungu leqela le-Kipchak leelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye lithetha ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi.

I-Bashkir lulwimi olwahlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuguqulela ukusuka nokuya ebashkir kube ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwentelekiso. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweelwimi ezinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulela, njengokuphela kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho kubizo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguqulelwa okuchanileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezithethi zomthonyama zasebashkir eziqonda izinto zolwimi. Aba baguquleli bafanele baziqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthabatha kwanezona zahlukahlukano zifihlakeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaguquleli abaziingcali behlala bethandwa xa kufikwa kwinguqulelo yebashkir.

Xa ujonga umguquleli webashkir, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Amava ngundoqo; umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthombo kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, kunye nokuqonda imeko yenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwesigama esisetyenziswa kulwimi, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokubanzi, uguqulelo lwebashkir lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli onamava kwaye onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasebashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir ngokuyinhloko luthethwa Erashiya, nangona kukho inani elincinci lezithethi Ekazakhstan, Eukraine Naseuzbekistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, ekwingingqi Yeentaba Zeural yaserashiya. Olu lolona lwimi lusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki kwaye lukwathethwa ngamanye amalungu e-Udmurt minority ekufuphi. Olu lwimi luye lwasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey ezisathethwayo namhlanje.
Iirekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zolwimi lwesibashkir zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16. Ngeli xesha, i-Arabic ne-persia yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ibashkir yaba lulwimi olubhaliweyo lwabancinci abahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Yayisetyenziswa nakwimisebenzi yesayensi, eyanceda ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwasebashkir lwachaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo yaserussia. Amagama amaninzi asebashkir athatyathelw ' indawo ngamagama abo aserashiya. Ulwimi lwafundiswa nasezikolweni kwaye kwakukho umzamo wokudala i-alfabhethi yebashkir edibeneyo.
Kwixesha Lasemva Kwesoviet, ibashkir ibone ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye kubekho umzamo owandisiweyo wokugcina ulwimi. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafunda ibashkir njengolwimi lwesibini, kwaye urhulumente Weriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan wenza iinzame ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar Gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, kunye nombhali weskripthi, wayengumntu obalulekileyo kuncwadi lwesibashkir kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay Galikhanov-umphengululi wasebashkir kunye nembongi, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebashkir kwaye uthathwa njengomseki wesayensi yanamhlanje yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isifundiswa, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi, wasebenza ngokubanzi ukwandisa izinga lokufunda phakathi kwezithethi zasebashkir kwaye waqulunqa imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo ngolwimi lwasebashkir.
4. Asker Aimbetov-imbongi yasebashkir, umbhali kunye nezifundo, wayengomnye wamanani aphambili kulwimi lwesibashkir kunye noncwadi, kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
5. I-Irek Yakhina-umbhali odumileyo wasebashkir kunye nomdlali wokudlala, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Kuphela Erashiya kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye wenze okuninzi ukwenza ulwimi lwasebashkir lufikeleleke ngakumbi kubafundi.

Njani ulwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi oluguqukayo lwesebe Lasekipchak losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey. Ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kwezimamva kunye nezandi ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imisebenzi yegrama. I-Bashkir nayo inenkqubo etyebileyo ye-consonants kunye nezikhamiso, kunye nezakhiwo ze-syllabic kunye ne-adverbial ezenza isakhiwo sayo sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebashkir ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ziqhelanise ne-Bashkir alfabhethi kunye nokubiza. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuba uqala ukufunda ibashkir. Qala ngokufunda ezinye iitekisi ezisisiseko kwibashkir kwaye uziqhelanise nokubiza unobumba ngamnye ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye ikhosi. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukufumana umyalelo omnye kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, jonga kwizifundo zendawo, okanye izifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir. Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolwimi, qhubeka ufunda kwaye umamele amajelo eendaba ebashkir. Zama ukufumana ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, uncwadi, iifilimu kunye neengoma ngesibashkir kwaye uzicwilise ngolwimi.
4. Fumana ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ibashkir. Fumana iqabane onokuziqhelanisa nalo, okanye ujoyine iforum ekwi-intanethi apho abantu bathetha khona ibashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - oku kukufunda!
5. Qhubeka ufunda. Nokuba uziva ukhululekile kwiziseko, kuhlala kukho into entsha onokuyifunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qhubeka ufunda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir kangangoko kunokwenzeka.