Amahebhere Swahili Guqulela

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje Kuye Kwanda Imfuneko Yabaguquleli besihebhere

Imfuno yenguqulelo yesihebhere iya isanda, njengoko amashishini amaninzi ngakumbi efuna iinkonzo ukuvala umqobo wolwimi phakathi kwabo kunye nemibutho yamaqabane aphesheya kolwandle. Kwixesha elidluleyo, oku kwakupheleliselwe ekuguqulelweni kweendinyana zonqulo, kodwa ihlabathi lanamhlanje liye landa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwenkcubeko, olukhokelela kwimfuno engakumbi yabaguquleli besihebhere.

Njengolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, isihebhere siyintsonkothile kwaye sibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ikwayilwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lakwasirayeli, isenza ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini ehlabathi ukuba akwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zesihebhere ezinokuthenjwa. Ngezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 kwihlabathi liphela, akukho kunqongophala kwabathengi abanokufuna uncedo lokuguqulela amaxwebhu abo, iiwebhusayithi, ii-apps, okanye ii-imeyile ukusuka okanye ukuya kwisihebhere.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo, inguqulelo yesihebhere inokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Umguquleli akafanele aphelele nje ngokutyibilikayo kulwimi lwakhe kuphela, kodwa umele azazi izinto ezifihlakeleyo neziyeleleneyo ezisetyenziswa ziinkcubeko nemimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, igrama yesihebhere yahluke kakhulu kwisingesi, ke umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nazo zombini ukuze adlulisele ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo wantlandlolo.

Ngethamsanqa, abaguquleli besihebhere abanamava bafumaneka ehlabathini lonke. Nokuba ufuna umguquleli ozinikeleyo ukuba ancede kwiinkqubo zakho zeshishini zamanye amazwe, okanye umntu oza kukunceda ngenguqulelo yoxwebhu lwexesha elinye, unokufumana ingcali efanelekileyo enokukunceda.

Ukusuka kwezomthetho nezonyango ukusa kwezezimali nakwezamasiko, ubuchule bokuguqulela isihebhere bunokuvulela amathuba amaninzi anengeniso. Njengoko imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela iqhubeka ikhula, ngokunjalo nemfuno yabaguquleli abasemgangathweni kule nkalo. Iingcali ezinamava ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kufumana umsebenzi omninzi, ngelixa abo batsha ekuguquleleni banokuzuza kwimfuno ekhulayo ngokwandisa ubuchule babo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihebhere?

Isihebhere sithethwa Kwasirayeli, eunited States, Ekhanada, Efransi Naseargentina. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonqulo kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya I-United Kingdom, Ijamani, Isweden Nebulgaria.

Iyintoni imbali yesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lunembali yamandulo kunye nebali. Yenye yeelwimi ezindala emhlabeni kwaye iyinxalenye yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda. Kukholelwa ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lwesihebhere lwaphuhliswa kwindawo Yasepalestina ngekhulu le-12 BCE. Isihebhere sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwamasirayeli ebudeni bexesha Lokubhalwa Kwebhayibhile, yaye kamva saba lulwimi loncwadi Loorabhi nomthandazo.
Ngexesha lokuthinjwa Kwamabhabhiloni ukususela ngo-586-538 BCE, Amayuda amkela iimali-mboleko Ze-Akkadian. Emva kokuwa Kwetempile yesibini ngo-70 CE, isihebhere saqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza ekusebenziseni kwansuku zonke, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo luye lwaguquka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, Ezifana Nesiyuda Sasepalestina Aramaic Kunye Neyiddish. Ukusetyenziswa kwesihebhere kwavuselelwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokuzalwa kwengcamango Yeziyon kunye nokusekwa Kwelizwe lakwasirayeli lanamhlanje ngo-1948. Namhlanje, isihebhere sithetha ngezigidi zabantu Kwasirayeli nakwihlabathi liphela.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wesihebhere samanje," Uben-Yehuda waba negalelo ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lwesihebhere, olwaluphelile njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Wadala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesihebhere, waqulunqa inkqubo yokupela kunye neencwadi ezininzi zokunceda ukusasaza ulwazi lolwimi.
2. Umoses Mendelssohn (1729-1786): Umyuda wasejamani ochazwa ngokwazisa isihebhere kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda kubantu abathetha isijamani ngokubanzi. Ukuguqulelwa Kwakhe Kwetorah ukusuka kwisihebhere ukusa kwisijamani kwazisa le nguqulelo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwaza kwakhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwesihebhere Eyurophu.
3. U-Hayim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): imbongi engumsirayeli kunye nomphengululi, Ubialik wayengumxhasi omkhulu wesihebhere kunye nokudala isithethe esityebileyo soncwadi lwesihebhere. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi kulwimi kwaye wazisa amagama amatsha esihebhere kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa namhlanje.
4. Uezra Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Unyana Kaeliyezere, lo mbhali wolwimi nombhali wesichazi-magama wathabatha umsebenzi kayise waza waqhubeka nawo. Wadala ithesaurus yokuqala yesihebhere, wabhala ngokubanzi ngegrama yesihebhere, kwaye wabhala ngokubambisana iphephandaba lokuqala lesihebhere.
5. Uchaim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): Umntakwabo Hayim, Uchaim naye waba negalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere. Wayengumhlalutyi woncwadi owaziwayo, egxeka uncwadi lwesihebhere yaye ephuhlisa ilayibrari yembekiselo yesihebhere. Kwakhona wayenoxanduva lokuguqulela imisebenzi yeklasikhi ukusuka kwiilwimi Zaseyurophu ukuya kwisihebhere.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lulwimi Lwamasemitic kwaye lulandela inkqubo yokubhala ye-abjad. Kubhaliwe ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, kusetyenziswa oonobumba besihebhere. Igama elisisiseko lesivakalisi sesihebhere sisenzi-isihloko-into. Izibizo, izichazi, izibhengezo, kunye nezihlomelo zichaphazeleka ngenxa yesini, inombolo, kunye/okanye ilifa. Izenzi zidibaniswa nomntu, inombolo, isini, uxinzelelo, imood kunye nomba.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihebhere ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngealfabhethi. Zive ukhululekile ukufunda, ukubhala nokubhala iileta. 2. Funda iziseko zegrama yesihebhere. Qala ngokudibanisa izenzi kunye nokuhla kwesibizo. 3. Yakha isigama sakho. Funda amagama asisiseko afana neentsuku zeveki, iinyanga, amanani, amabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha isihebhere nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuncokola yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda! 5. Funda iincwadi zesihebhere uze ubukele iividiyo zesihebhere ezinemibhalo engezantsi. 6. Mamela umculo wesihebhere kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. 7. Sebenzisa izibonelelo zesihebhere ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi eziluncedo kunye neeapps zokufunda isihebhere. 8. Yenza isihebhere sibe yinxalenye yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ukubandakanya ulwimi kwimihla ngemihla kuya kukunceda ukuba uluthathe ngokukhawuleza.

Isiswahili lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 Empuma Afrika nakwingingqi Yamachibi Amakhulu. Lulwimi Lwabantu, olunxulumene neelwimi ezifana nesizulu Nesixhosa, kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni zasetanzania Nasekenya. Isiswahili lulwimi oluphambili lonxibelelwano Kulo Lonke Elasempuma Afrika kwaye sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zizithethi zeelwimi Ezahlukeneyo Zaseafrika njengolwimi lweafranca.

Amashishini, amajelo eendaba, kunye neminye imibutho esebenza kulo mmandla, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Ngesiswahili kunokuba yinto exabisekileyo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo zamaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ukusuka Kwisiswahili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabachaphazelekayo kulo mmandla. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokukunceda wakhe ubudlelwane noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwaye uqonde inkcubeko yabo ngcono.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zihamba ngaphaya kwenguqulelo yegama elisisiseko ukuze zithathele ingqalelo imeko yenkcubeko yolwimi. Inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanekile kangangoko kwaye zithathela ingqalelo iindibano kunye nezaci zolwimi. Ukongeza, banokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngokubhala ikopi Ngesiswahili, uguqulelo oluvakalayo okanye ukutolika, kunye nokuguqulelwa kwewebhusayithi. Ezi nkonzo zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umyalezo wakho ufumana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela Yesiswahili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava ngolwimi nangolwimi lwabo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba banamava kwimeko ethile oyifunayo ukuba baguqulele kuyo, njengamaxwebhu ezonyango okanye asemthethweni. Okokugqibela, qiniseka ukuba ujonga iziqinisekiso zayo nayiphi na inkonzo yokuguqulela oyicingayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuguqulela.

Isiswahili lulwimi olubalulekileyo kuye nabani na owenza ushishino Empuma Afrika nakwingingqi Yamachibi Amakhulu, kwaye ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uqondwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiswahili?

Isiswahili sithethwa Ekenya, Etanzania, Euganda, Erwanda, Eburundi, Edemocratic Republic of Congo, Emalawi, Emozambique Nasecomoros. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo Zasesomalia, E-Ethiopia, Ezambia, Emzantsi Afrika Nasezimbabwe.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Sisiswahili?

Ulwimi Lwesiswahili lulwimi Lwesibantu olusuka kusapho Lolwimi Lwaseniger-Congo. Ithethwa ikakhulu kunxweme Lwasempuma Afrika, kwaye irekhodi layo lokuqala libuyela malunga ne-800 AD. Yaqulunqwa ngumxube weelwimi Zomthonyama Zaseafrika ezidityaniswe nesipersi, isiarabhu kunye neempembelelo zesingesi kamva. Lo mxube weelwimi wadala ulwimi loncwadi olwaziwa Ngokuba Sisiswahili okanye Isiswahili.
Ekuqaleni, Isiswahili sasisetyenziswa ngabarhwebi ababephila kunxweme olusempuma Afrika. Olu lwimi lwamkelwa luluntu lwaselunxwemeni lwaza lwasasazeka ukusuka kumazibuko Empuma Afrika ukuya kwihinterland. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwesultanate Yasezanzibar.
Ngenxa yobukoloniyali, Isiswahili sasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi namhlanje Etanzania, Ekenya, Euganda, Erwanda, Eburundi nakwiindawo ezithile Zasecongo. Namhlanje, yenye yeelwimi ezithethwa Kakhulu E-Afrika kunye nenxalenye yolwimi olusemthethweni lwamazwe Amaninzi Ase-Afrika.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiswahili?

1. Uedward Steere (1828-1902): umvangeli Wasemazweni Ongumkristu olingesi owaqulunqa isichazi-Magama sokuqala Sesiswahili. 2. U-Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1857-1934): I-English Egyptologist kunye nomguquleli Webhayibhile Kwisiswahili. 3. U-Ismail Juma Mziray (1862-1939): Enye yeentsika zoncwadi lwangoku Lwesiswahili, wayenoxanduva lokuzisa ulwimi kwihlabathi. 4. Utilman Jabavu( 1872-1960): utitshala Womzantsi afrika kunye nomfundi Wesiswahili onoxanduva lokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesiswahili njengolwimi lokufundisa Empuma Afrika. 5. U-Japhet Kahigi (1884-1958): Uvulindlela Weelwimi Zesiswahili, imbongi, kunye nombhali, obizwa ngokuba yi "standard" Isiswahili.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesiswahili?

Ulwimi Lwesiswahili lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama amaninzi formed ngokudibanisa iiyunithi ezincinci zentsingiselo. Inomyalelo wegama lesihloko-isenzi-into, kwaye ubukhulu becala isekelwe kwizikhamiso ezimbalwa. Kwakhona kunciphisa kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba izifundo kunye nezinto zingashiywa ukuba zichaziwe.

Indlela yokufunda Isiswahili ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala wolwimi Lwesiswahili ofanelekileyo okanye umhlohli. Ukusebenza nesithethi esinamava Sesiswahili yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ulwimi njengoko iqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kwisithethi somthonyama. Ukuba utitshala wolwimi okanye umhlohli akafumaneki, khangela ikhosi elungileyo ekwi-intanethi okanye izifundo zevidiyo.
2. Get yourself in Isiswahili! Okukhona usiva kwaye ufunda ulwimi, kokukhona unokuluqonda ngcono kwaye ekugqibeleni ube nakho ukunxibelelana kulo. Mamela umculo Wesiswahili, ubukele iimovie zesiswahili kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde iincwadi zesiswahili kunye namaphephandaba.
3. Funda isigama. Ukufunda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana kuya kukunceda uqonde ulwimi kwaye uxhase incoko yakho. Qala ngamagama alula emihla ngemihla kunye namabinzana kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uqhubele phambili kwizihloko ezinzima ngakumbi.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelisele ukuthetha ulwimi nezithethi zomthonyama okanye abanye abafundi. Unokujoyina iqela lolwimi, uthathe inxaxheba kutshintshiselwano lolwimi, okanye uziqhelanise nomhlohli.
5. Gcina umkhondo wenkqubela yakho. Landela into oyifundileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zeziphi izihloko ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi, kunye nokuba ingakanani inkqubela oyenzileyo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlale ukhuthazekile kwaye kukunika ukuqonda okungcono malunga noko kufuneka usebenze.