Bulgarian Russian Guqulela

Ukwazisa

Ibulgaria inolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nenkcubeko exabiseke kakhulu. Isibulgaria lulwimi Lwaseslavic Kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 emhlabeni jikelele. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iye yathandwa phakathi kwabantu abahlala ngaphandle Kwebulgaria abanomdla wokufunda ulwimi kunye nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi ezinikezelayo. Ngokunyuka kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nokwanda konxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria kuye kwabaluleka ngakumbi.

Imbali Yenguqulelo yasebulgaria

Ulwimi lwasebulgaria lubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa lwaziswa Ngamaproto-Bulgarians njengenxalenye yokwandiswa kwabo kulo mmandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibulgaria yaqala ukusasazeka kwaye ekugqibeleni yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwenqununu Yasebulgaria ngo-1878. Emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, ulwimi lwaqhubeka luguquka kwaye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Basebulgaria ngo-1946.

Namhlanje, isibulgaria lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebulgaria kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union. Kuthethwe ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-11 Ebulgaria nakwezinye iindawo Kwiibalkans nakwimimandla emininzi yabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zifunwa kakhulu ukwenzela ukubonelela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwabantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Iingenelo Zenguqulelo yesibulgaria

Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwibulgaria kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kumashishini anabathengi okanye amaqabane athetha ulwimi. Ukuguqulela izinto zentengiso kunye neewebhusayithi kwibulgaria kunokunceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi kwaye zakhele ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kulo mmandla. Inokunceda amashishini ukuba akhe ukuthembana phakathi kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo ngokudlulisa umyalezo wokuba bayaluqonda kwaye bayaluhlonipha ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu abazama ukufikelela kubo. Ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo, amashishini anokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwabathengi bawo kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kwimarike yasebulgaria.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokwanda kwenani labaphambukeli abavela Ebulgaria, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokunceda ekuququzeleleni unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kwabantu abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ezonyango, izivumelwano, kunye nezinye iifom ezisemthethweni ebulgaria kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo uyaluqonda olu xwebhu kwaye lwaziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwisibulgaria kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Isiphelo

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe. Ezi nkonzo zinokuba luncedo kumashishini ajonge ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kwingingqi, kunye nabaphambukeli abafuna uncedo lokuququzelela unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kweenkcubeko. Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo zisebenzayo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria luthethwa ikakhulu Ebulgaria, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe afana Neserbia, Imontenegro, Emantla Emacedonia, Iromania, Iukraine, Neturkey, kunye noluntu oluncinci lwasebulgaria kwihlabathi liphela.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba yaziswa kuqala kwingingqi yasebulgaria yanamhlanje ngekhulu le-7 AD Yibulgars, eyayingabantu Baseturkey abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyirussia. Ulwimi ababeluthetha lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Old bulgaria okanye I-Old Chuvash, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba luvela kwiilwimi ezithethwa Yi-Huns, eyayihlasele le ndawo ngekhulu le-4.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi Lwebulgars ludityaniswe neelwimi Zeslavic zabantu bomthonyama, ngakumbi Impuma Yeslavic iilwimi, kubandakanya imacedonia nesiserbia. Lo mxube waziwa Ngokuba sisibulgaria Samaxesha Aphakathi, esasineefom ezimbini ezibhaliweyo: Islavonic Yecawa, ulwimi loncwadi olusetyenziswa Yicawa Yobuothodoki, kunye nolwimi loncwadi lwesibulgaria, olwavela kuhlobo oluthethwayo lwesibulgaria.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesibulgaria sanamhlanje luye lwavela, luthathe Indawo Yecawa Yeslavonic kunye nolwimi lokubhala lwasebulgaria. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, ulwimi lwasebulgaria lwaphuculwa kakhulu, ekugqibeleni lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yanamhlanje Yasebulgaria ngo-1945.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibulgaria?

1. Ucyril Nomethodius 2. Tsar Simeon Wasebulgaria 3. Paisius ka Hilendar 4. Ukonstantin Wasepreslav 5. Ivan Shishman wasebulgaria

Uluphi ulwimi lwasebulgaria?

Ubume bebulgaria bufana nolunye ulwimi Lweslavic. Lulwimi olusebenzayo, olunezibizo kunye nezichazi ezineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwazo kwisivakalisi. Izenzi nazo zineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwixesha kunye nomntu. Njengezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ibulgaria inamatyala amathandathu kwizibizo, izimelabizo, kunye nezichazi: ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, i-instrumental, prepositional, kunye ne-vocative. Umyalelo wegama ngokuqhelekileyo Isihloko-Isenzi-Into kodwa ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sesivakalisi okanye ugxininiso.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebulgaria ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha Ikhosi Yolwimi lwasebulgaria: Ukuthatha ikhosi yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufunda isibulgaria. Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwikhosi yakho, qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iiklasi kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo.
2. Sebenzisa Izixhobo Ezikwi-Intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo ezibalaseleyo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde isibulgaria. Iisayithi ezininzi zibonelela ngezifundo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nemisebenzi, amaphepha okusebenzela akhutshelweyo kunye neefayile zomsindo, kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zemithetho yegrama. Ezinye websites nkqu kunikela live incoko kunye native isijamani speakers.
3. Zenzele: Ukuntywiliselwa kubalulekile ekufundeni ulwimi. Zama ukufumana abahlobo basebulgaria okanye uzibhaptize kwinkcubeko Yasebulgaria. Mamela unomathotholo wasebulgaria kwaye ubukele iimovie zasebulgaria, mamela umculo kwaye ufunde iincwadi ngesibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa, Ukuziqhelanisa: Nje Ukuba ufunde iziseko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa! Qiniseka ukuba uthetha isibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukugcina inkqubela yakho.

Isirashiya lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olunegrama ekhethekileyo kunye nesivakalisi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaserussia Kunye Ne-Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS), umbutho wengingqi weeriphabliki zangaphambili Zasesoviet. Isirashiya kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-180 emhlabeni jikelele kwaye enye yeelwimi ezili-10 ezithethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ikwajongwa njengolwimi kwi-former Soviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngediplomacy, urhwebo kunye netekhnoloji.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, uguqulelo ukuya nokubuya kwisirashiya bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Ifuna ukudlulisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yoqobo ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komxholo. Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo kunye nesidingo sokuqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi, umguquleli onamava oqeqeshiweyo uyafuneka kwiinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Inguqulelo yaserussia ihlala ifuneka kwimisebenzi ephambili yeshishini efana nothethathethwano lwezomthetho, amaxwebhu anxulumene nemali, kunye nezinto zokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezisebenza Erashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe E-CIS zifuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwiiwebhusayithi zabo kunye nentengiso yomxholo. Umguquleli onobuchule onobuchule kwicandelo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufunyenwe.

Kwiinguqulelo ezincinci, ezinje ngeencoko ezingacwangciswanga, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezizenzekelayo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokuqonda okusisiseko kolwimi, kodwa azinakho ukuchaneka kunye nokwazisa ngomxholo womguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele injongo kunye nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela ekufuneka uzisebenzise.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lwesirashiya lubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkampani nabantu abathetha isirashiya. Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ocetywayo udluliselwa kwaye uqondwe, nokuba ngoweshishini, ubuqu, okanye ezinye iinjongo. Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha kolwimi kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa iingcali ezifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zokuguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isirashiya?

Ulwimi lwesirashiya luthethwa Erashiya, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, Eukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, Euzbekistan, Eazerbaijan, Earmenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesirashiya?

Ulwimi lwaserussia luneengcambu Zalo Kulwimi Lwasempuma Slavic, enye yeqela ezintathu zembali zeelwimi Zeslavic. Olu lwimi lwathethwa lwaza lwabhalwa zizizwe Zasempuma Slavic ezazihlala kwiindawo ezininzi ngoku zaserashiya, Eukraine Nasebelarus ngenkulungwane ye-9. Ngeli xesha, I-Church Slavonic yaqala ukukhonza njengolwimi olubhaliweyo kwiincwadi, iinjongo zonqulo nezolawulo, endaweni yesigrike nesilatini sokuqala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-10, Impuma Slavic ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwesirashiya, iphenjelelwa sisibulgaria nesiserbia, esasiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Islavonic. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wokubhala wexesha Lasekievan Rus, Incwadi Yokuqala Yezikronike, yabhalwa Kwi-Old East Slavic.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ze-14 neye-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka esanda ummandla wawo, ekugqibeleni afikelela Kulwandlekazi Lwepasifiki, ngaloo ndlela edibana nezinye iilwimi neenkcubeko ezininzi. Amarashiya azibuyisa iimpembelelo ezivela kwezinye iilwimi aza azibandakanya kulwimi, esenza oko ngoku kwaziwa njengolwimi Lwaserussia Lwangoku.
Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17th, ulwimi lwaserussia lwaqala ukuvela ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wababhali abanempembelelo abanjengoalexander Pushkin Noivan Turgenev, ababhala ngolwimi olubizwa ngokuba "sisirashiya soncwadi". Olu hlobo lutsha, oluphucukileyo lolwimi lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kungekudala lwaba lulwimi olukhethwayo lwezopolitiko, uncwadi, isayensi kunye nenkcubeko.
Namhlanje, isirashiya sesona silwimi Sisasazekayo kwislavic, sinezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-145, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe ezimanyeneyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesirashiya?

1. U-Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) - umbhali wenoveli, imbongi kunye nombhali wokudlala owaphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wanegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesizwe.
2. Ualexander Pushkin (1799-1837) - umsunguli weencwadi zanamhlanje zaserashiya kunye noyise weembongi zaserashiya.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (1766-1826) - imbongi kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala kakhulu ngolwimi lwaserussia kwaye wenza igalelo elininzi kwinkcubeko yaserussia.
4. Vladimir Dal' (1801-1872) - linguist, isichazi-magama kunye nomqulunqi wesichazi-magama sokuqala esibanzi solwimi lwaserussia.
5. Ualexander Blok (1880-1921) - enye yamanani aphambili kwindawo yoncwadi lwaserussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nombhali weminye yemisebenzi edumileyo kwimibongo yaserussia.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwaserussia?

Ubume bolwimi lwaserussia ikakhulu lusekwe kwindibaniselwano yemigaqo yohlalutyo kunye nohlalutyo. I-Agglutination yinkqubo apho i-morphemes, okanye iinxalenye zamagama, zidibene kunye ukudala igama elilodwa elichaza ingcamango enye. Izakhi zohlalutyo zibandakanya ukwaphula ingqiqo enye ibe ngamagama ahlukeneyo ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ngesirashiya, izimamva zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegrama, ezinje ngesini, ityala, inani, umba, ixesha kunye nokuba nezinto. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zinokuba neemeko ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolwimi nayo iyingqayizivele, kunye nenkqubo yezivakalisi ezingabonakaliyo, izigatshana ezingaphantsi kunye neefom ezinzima zesenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaserussia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo: Maxa wambi Ukuqonda ulwimi lwesirashiya kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa unako ukuphumelela ukuba uzibekela ulindelo olusengqiqweni nosukelo olusengqiqweni. Phula ulwimi lwakho-ukufunda uhambo kwiziqa ezilawulwayo kwaye ube nomonde kuwe.
2. Fumana iqabane lokufunda Kwi-intanethi: Fumana iqabane lomfundi elikwi-intanethi okanye umhlobo othetha isirashiya onokukunceda ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha kwakho kunye nokubiza.
3. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko yaserussia: Funda iincwadi, ubukele iifilimu kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela iipodcasts kunye nomculo, kwaye uzame ukudibanisa phakathi kolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko.
4. Thatha iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia: Ukuthatha umntu okanye iklasi yolwimi lwaserussia ekwi-intanethi kunokuba yindlela entle yokufunda iziseko kwaye ufumane ingxelo kutitshala okanye kwisithethi somthonyama.
5. Yenza i-flashcards: Yenza i-flashcards ngamagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana ngesirashiya. Oku kunokunceda ukomeleza ulwimi nokwenza kube lula ukulukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi: usetyenziso lokufunda Ulwimi olufana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Kunye Nerosetta Stone zizixhobo ezinkulu zokufunda isirashiya. Baya kukunika isakhiwo esithile kwaye bancede ukuphula ulwimi lube ngamaqhekeza alawulekayo.
7. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa: ekuphela kwendlela yokuqonda ngokwenene ulwimi lwaserussia kukuluqhelanisa rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Funda, ubhale, uphulaphule kwaye uthethe rhoqo ukuze uphucule izakhono zakho.