Bulgarian Isibosnian Guqulela

Ukwazisa

Ibulgaria inolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nenkcubeko exabiseke kakhulu. Isibulgaria lulwimi Lwaseslavic Kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 emhlabeni jikelele. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iye yathandwa phakathi kwabantu abahlala ngaphandle Kwebulgaria abanomdla wokufunda ulwimi kunye nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi ezinikezelayo. Ngokunyuka kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nokwanda konxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria kuye kwabaluleka ngakumbi.

Imbali Yenguqulelo yasebulgaria

Ulwimi lwasebulgaria lubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa lwaziswa Ngamaproto-Bulgarians njengenxalenye yokwandiswa kwabo kulo mmandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibulgaria yaqala ukusasazeka kwaye ekugqibeleni yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwenqununu Yasebulgaria ngo-1878. Emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, ulwimi lwaqhubeka luguquka kwaye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi Yabantu Basebulgaria ngo-1946.

Namhlanje, isibulgaria lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebulgaria kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union. Kuthethwe ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-11 Ebulgaria nakwezinye iindawo Kwiibalkans nakwimimandla emininzi yabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zifunwa kakhulu ukwenzela ukubonelela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwabantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Iingenelo Zenguqulelo yesibulgaria

Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwibulgaria kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kumashishini anabathengi okanye amaqabane athetha ulwimi. Ukuguqulela izinto zentengiso kunye neewebhusayithi kwibulgaria kunokunceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi kwaye zakhele ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kulo mmandla. Inokunceda amashishini ukuba akhe ukuthembana phakathi kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo ngokudlulisa umyalezo wokuba bayaluqonda kwaye bayaluhlonipha ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu abazama ukufikelela kubo. Ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo, amashishini anokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwabathengi bawo kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kwimarike yasebulgaria.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokwanda kwenani labaphambukeli abavela Ebulgaria, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokunceda ekuququzeleleni unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kwabantu abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ezonyango, izivumelwano, kunye nezinye iifom ezisemthethweni ebulgaria kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo uyaluqonda olu xwebhu kwaye lwaziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwisibulgaria kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Isiphelo

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasebulgaria zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe. Ezi nkonzo zinokuba luncedo kumashishini ajonge ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho kwingingqi, kunye nabaphambukeli abafuna uncedo lokuququzelela unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kweenkcubeko. Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo zisebenzayo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abathetha isibulgaria.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria luthethwa ikakhulu Ebulgaria, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe afana Neserbia, Imontenegro, Emantla Emacedonia, Iromania, Iukraine, Neturkey, kunye noluntu oluncinci lwasebulgaria kwihlabathi liphela.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesibulgaria?

Ulwimi lwesibulgaria lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba yaziswa kuqala kwingingqi yasebulgaria yanamhlanje ngekhulu le-7 AD Yibulgars, eyayingabantu Baseturkey abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyirussia. Ulwimi ababeluthetha lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Old bulgaria okanye I-Old Chuvash, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba luvela kwiilwimi ezithethwa Yi-Huns, eyayihlasele le ndawo ngekhulu le-4.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi Lwebulgars ludityaniswe neelwimi Zeslavic zabantu bomthonyama, ngakumbi Impuma Yeslavic iilwimi, kubandakanya imacedonia nesiserbia. Lo mxube waziwa Ngokuba sisibulgaria Samaxesha Aphakathi, esasineefom ezimbini ezibhaliweyo: Islavonic Yecawa, ulwimi loncwadi olusetyenziswa Yicawa Yobuothodoki, kunye nolwimi loncwadi lwesibulgaria, olwavela kuhlobo oluthethwayo lwesibulgaria.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesibulgaria sanamhlanje luye lwavela, luthathe Indawo Yecawa Yeslavonic kunye nolwimi lokubhala lwasebulgaria. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, ulwimi lwasebulgaria lwaphuculwa kakhulu, ekugqibeleni lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yanamhlanje Yasebulgaria ngo-1945.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibulgaria?

1. Ucyril Nomethodius 2. Tsar Simeon Wasebulgaria 3. Paisius ka Hilendar 4. Ukonstantin Wasepreslav 5. Ivan Shishman wasebulgaria

Uluphi ulwimi lwasebulgaria?

Ubume bebulgaria bufana nolunye ulwimi Lweslavic. Lulwimi olusebenzayo, olunezibizo kunye nezichazi ezineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwazo kwisivakalisi. Izenzi nazo zineziphelo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwixesha kunye nomntu. Njengezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ibulgaria inamatyala amathandathu kwizibizo, izimelabizo, kunye nezichazi: ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, i-instrumental, prepositional, kunye ne-vocative. Umyalelo wegama ngokuqhelekileyo Isihloko-Isenzi-Into kodwa ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sesivakalisi okanye ugxininiso.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebulgaria ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha Ikhosi Yolwimi lwasebulgaria: Ukuthatha ikhosi yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufunda isibulgaria. Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwikhosi yakho, qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iiklasi kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo.
2. Sebenzisa Izixhobo Ezikwi-Intanethi: zininzi izibonelelo ezibalaseleyo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde isibulgaria. Iisayithi ezininzi zibonelela ngezifundo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nemisebenzi, amaphepha okusebenzela akhutshelweyo kunye neefayile zomsindo, kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zemithetho yegrama. Ezinye websites nkqu kunikela live incoko kunye native isijamani speakers.
3. Zenzele: Ukuntywiliselwa kubalulekile ekufundeni ulwimi. Zama ukufumana abahlobo basebulgaria okanye uzibhaptize kwinkcubeko Yasebulgaria. Mamela unomathotholo wasebulgaria kwaye ubukele iimovie zasebulgaria, mamela umculo kwaye ufunde iincwadi ngesibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa, Ukuziqhelanisa: Nje Ukuba ufunde iziseko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa! Qiniseka ukuba uthetha isibulgaria kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukugcina inkqubela yakho.

Ngaba ufuna umguquleli othembekileyo nothembekileyo? Ngeenkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela phaya, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi olona khetho lufanelekileyo. Nasi isikhokelo sokukunceda ufumane umguquleli wasebosnia ofanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Xa ujonga umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava kwiiprojekthi zolwimi Lwasebosnia. Umguquleli wasebosnia kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wolwimi, ulwazi lwenkcubeko, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Xa usebenzisa inkonzo yokuguqulela, kuhlala kulungile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaziqonda iinkcukacha zolwimi Lwasebosnia-njengolwimi olwahlukileyo olufumaneka Ebosnia Naseherzegovina.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu xa uguqulela Ukusuka Kwisibosnia ukuya kwezinye iilwimi, njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezifuna ukubanjwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umguquleli olungileyo wasebosnia uya kuba nakho ukuthatha amabinzana e-idiomatic kunye nobuqili bolwimi, eqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa santlandlolo siguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, khangela inkonzo enokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso somgangatho.

Ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha kukwayinto ephambili xa ukhetha umguquleli Wasebosnia. Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ixesha lokutshintsha kwiprojekthi nganye yolwimi kwaye ufumane uqikelelo lokuba ingagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ukuba inkampani ayinakuzibophelela ekuhambiseni uxwebhu oluguqulelweyo ngomhla othile, kububulumko ukujonga kwenye indawo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zenkonzo yokuguqulela. Nangona ixabiso akufanele libe yinto kuphela ekukhetheni umguquleli Wasebosnia, kulungile ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali. Iindleko zokuguqulela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude kunye nobunzima boxwebhu, kunye nesibini solwimi.

Ngokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasebosnia, kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana umboneleli onokuthenjwa kwaye ohloniphekileyo ohlangabezana neemfuno zakho. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokubathemba ukuba baya kuhambisa uxwebhu oluphezulu, ngexesha, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi Lwasebosnia luthethwa ikakhulu Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, kodwa lukwathethwa kwezinye iindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro, Ecroatia nakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane.

Lithini igama lolwimi Lwasebosnia?

Iingcambu zembali zolwimi Lwasebosnia (ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yibosniak, Ibosančica, okanye Iserbo-croatia) zintsonkothile kwaye zininzi. Ulwimi Yi-South Slavic ulwimi, ezifana yayo neighboring iilwimi, isicroatian kwaye isiserbia. Le nguqulo inemvelaphi yolwimi Lwasebalkan lwamaxesha aphakathi athethwa Ngamakristu Asebosnia kuloo Mmandla ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi. Olu lwimi lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe de lwaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iingcali zeelwimi zasecroatia Naseserbia zasebenza kunye ukudala ulwimi olubhaliweyo oludibeneyo kuzo zonke iilwimi Zasemzantsi Slavic zommandla, nangona abanye bathi, ngenxa yoko, zonke iilwimi ezintathu ziye zathathwa njengeziyelelane zolwimi olufanayo, olubizwa Ngokuba Yiserbo-croatia.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweyee-1990, Ibosnia Neherzegovina yabhengeza ukuzimela geqe Eyugoslavia. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni kobuzwe Phakathi Kwamabosnia, nto leyo eyabangela ingcamango "yolwimi Lwasebosnia." Olu lwimi lwadalwa ngokuphuhliswa kolwimi, njengokuqaliswa kwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana athathwe kwisiarabhu, isiturkish kunye nezinye iilwimi.
Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwasebosnia lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabemi. Ukongeza kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo Zesibosnia, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini Zesibosnia ezithethwa kwimimandla ethile yelizwe :štokavian Kunye Nekajkavian.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebosnia?

1. Umatija Divković (ikhulu le-15) - icroatian humanist kunye nepolyglot owabhala isichazi - Magama Sokuqala Sasebosnia.
2. I – pavao Ritter Vitezović (i-17th century) - umbhali wasecroatia obizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wolwimi Lwasebosnia kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Tractatus de origine et incrementis Slavorum Illyricorum".
3. Franjo Rački (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - umbhali-mbali wasecroatia, philologist nomphengululi Weslavic owabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi nenkcubeko Yasebosnia.
4. Uandrija Kacic Miosic (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga owaba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku Lwasebosnia.
5. Ngo-agasti Cesarec (ikhulu lama-20) – imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali, ulwimi, umhleli kunye nompapashi owabhala amanqaku amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngolwimi Lwasebosnia kunye nenkcubeko.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi lwasemzantsi Slavic oluhambelana kakhulu nesicroatia nesiserbia. Ilandela inkqubo efanayo ye-phonological njengesicroatia nesiserbia, kodwa kunye nokungafani kwezikhamiso. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye ikwathethwa Emontenegro, Eserbia Nasecroatia. Igrama yayo isekwe ikakhulu kwiziyelelane ezibini eziphambili: ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweherzegovinia-Istrian kunye nesitokavia Sasentshona. Isakhiwo segrama Sasebosnia siquka ukubizwa kwesibizo, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yamaxesha asetyenziselwa ukubonisa iziganeko ezizayo, ezidlulileyo kunye nezikhoyo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebosnia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi esemthethweni okanye ezinye izinto. Khangela incwadi Yolwimi Lwasebosnia okanye izinto zezifundo ezenzelwe abafundi bolwimi. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibanzi, eyakhiweyo yokufunda Ibosnia.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezinezifundo zasimahla kunye nemisebenzi yokukunceda ufunde Ibosnia, Njengeduolingo, LiveMocha, Kunye Nememrise. Ukongeza, zininzi iipodcasts, iividiyo kunye neengoma ezikhoyo ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
3. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba uyazi umntu othetha Isibosnia, lithuba elihle lokuphucula izakhono zakho zolwimi! Zama ukuthetha nabo rhoqo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhululeke usebenzisa ulwimi.
4. Bukela Iifilimu zasebosnia kunye nomabonwakude. Ukuchitha ixesha ukubukela iifilimu ZASEBOSNIA kunye nemiboniso YETV yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Qiniseka ukuba unikele ingqalelo kubizo kunye nesigama esitsha.
5. Hlala ukhuthazekile. Ukufunda ulwimi luhambo kunye nenkqubo. Zama ukuhlala ushukunyiswa kukuzibekela usukelo olusengqiqweni, uzivuze xa ufikelela kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo uze uqiniseke ukuba uyonwaba ngoxa ufunda.