Isi-turkey Ikhaya Humusha

Isiturkey siwulimi lwasendulo, oluphilayo olunezimpande E-Asia ephakathi, oluthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi olusetshenziswa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungavamile njengolimi lwangaphandle, isiturkey siye sabona isithakazelo esivuselelekayo nesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga Yurophu njengoba izwe liba nomhlaba wonke futhi lixhumene.

Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, isiturkey singolunye lwezilimi eziveza kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinama-nuances amasiko kanye ne-syntax efakwe kuhlelo lwayo lolimi nolwazi lwamagama oluyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsizakalo zabahumushi kumelwe zenziwe ochwepheshe bomdabu abajwayelene kakhulu nolimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokukwazi ukukhuluma kahle.

Lapho uhumusha usuka noma uya olimini lwesiturkey, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ulimi lugcwele ulimi oluvamile nezisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilimi eziningi ngaphezu kwenguqulo ejwayelekile ebhaliwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukubiza kabusha kwezilaleli ezihlosiwe kanye nesigama.

Enye inselele ehlobene nokuhunyushwa kwesiturkey uhlelo lolimi olunemininingwane eminingi lwezijobelelo. Uhlamvu ngalunye lungashintshwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho wohlelo lolimi; kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba aqaphele futhi asebenzise le mithetho ngendlela efanele.

Ngokuvamile, isiturkey siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noluhle olunesiko lomlomo elicebile, futhi oludinga isandla esinekhono ukuze sihumushe ngokunembile. Umhumushi ofanelekayo angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphepha akho agcina incazelo yawo ehlosiwe lapho ewadlulisela ngesiturkey noma ngaphandle kwaso.

Yiliphi izwe elikhulunywa ngolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey lukhulunywa kakhulu Eturkey, nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasecyprus, E-Iraq, Ebulgaria, Egrisi Nasejalimane.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey, olwaziwa Ngokuthi Isiturkic, luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Altaic. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela olimini lwezizwe eziyizihambi zalokho manje Okuyiturkey emakhulwini okuqala enkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka ad. Lolu limi lwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lwathonywa kakhulu izilimi Zasempumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia Ephakathi njengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki.
Uhlobo lokuqala olubhaliwe lwesiturkey lwaqala cishe ngekhulu le-13 futhi kuthiwa lwabhalwa Amaseljuk Aseturkey, anqoba ingxenye enkulu ye-Anatolia phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ulimi ababelusebenzisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isiturkey Sase-Anatolia Esidala" futhi lwalunamagama amaningi asepheresiya nawesi-arabhu.
Isikhathi Sama-Ottoman (ngekhulu le-14 kuya kwele-19) sabona ukuvela kolimi olujwayelekile olususelwa olimini Lwesi-Istanbul olwaqala ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi nezifunda zombuso. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isiturkey Sase-Ottoman, esaboleka amagama amaningi kwezinye izilimi ezinjengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki. Yayibhalwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu.
Ngo-1928, U-Atatürk, umsunguli Weriphabhuliki yaseturkey yanamuhla, wethula izinhlamvu zamagama ezintsha zolimi lwesiturkey, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu wasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini eziguquliwe. Lokhu kwaguqula isiturkey futhi kwenza kwaba lula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Isiturkey sanamuhla sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube olunye lwezilimi ezinkulu Eyurophu.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiturkey?

1. Umustafa Kemal Atatürk: Umsunguli nomongameli wokuqala Weriphabhulikhi Yaseturkey, U-Atatürk uvame ukubhekwa njengokwethula izinguquko ezinkulu olimini lwesiturkey, kufaka phakathi ukwenza lula izinhlamvu zamagama, ukufaka amagama angaphandle okulingana nesiturkey, nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufundiswa nokusetshenziswa kolimi.
2. U-Ahmet cevdet: isazi Sase-Ottoman, U-ahmet cevdet wabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesiturkey sanamuhla, esasihlanganisa amagama amaningi esi-arabhu nesipheresiya futhi sinikeza izincazelo ezijwayelekile emagameni nasemishweni yesiturkey.
3. Uhalit Ziya Uşaklıgil: umbhali wamanoveli odumile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Uşaklıgil udunyiswa ngokuvuselela intshisekelo ngesitayela sezinkondlo sombongi Wase-Ottoman Wekhulu le-16 Unâzim hikmet, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ezincwadi afana nokudlala ngamagama nemibuzo yezinkulumo.
4. Urecep Tayyip Erdoğan: Umongameli wamanje Waseturkey, U-Erdoğan udlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umuzwa wobunikazi besizwe ngezinkulumo zakhe nangokusekela kwakhe ukusetshenziswa kwesiturkey empilweni yomphakathi.
5. Ubedri rahmi Eyüboğlu: Omunye wabantu abahamba phambili ezinkondlweni zesimanje zaseturkey kusukela ngawo-1940, U-Eyüboğlu wasiza ukwethula izinto zemibhalo Yasentshonalanga kanye nesiko ezincwadini zaseturkey, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamagama aseturkey kwansuku zonke.

Indlela ulimi Turkish?

Isiturkey siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo (iziphetho zamagama) ukuze lunezele ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nokuhlukahluka kwamagama. Futhi inohlelo lwamagama Oluthi Subject-Object-Verb. Isiturkey naso sinenqolobane enkulu yezinhlamvu zamagama nokuhlukanisa phakathi kobude bezinhlamvu zamagama. Futhi inamaqoqo amaningi ezinhlamvu, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokugcizelela imisho.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Turkish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo ulimi, ezifana zamagama kanye nohlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo. 2. Sebenzisa imithombo yamahhala eku-inthanethi efana nezifundo zolimi lwesiturkey, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuqhubekisela phambili ulwazi lwakho. 3. Beka isimiso esivamile sokutadisha ngokwakho, uzibophezele ekutadisheni ulimi okungenani kanye ngesonto. 4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma Turkish nge izikhulumi bomdabu noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ulimi exchange. 5. Sebenzisa flashcards nezinye izinsiza inkumbulo ukukusiza ukhumbule amagama ayisihluthulelo nemishwana. 6. Lalela umculo Turkish futhi ubuke amafilimu turkish ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana isiko futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho ukulalela. 7. Makeiseka ukuthi uthatha ikhefu njalo ukuze uzinike isikhathi sokucubungula lokho okufundile nokuzijwayeza. 8. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha; amaphutha ayingxenye yenqubo yokufunda. 9. Inselelo ngokwakho ukuzama izinto ezintsha bese ukusunduza imingcele yakho. 10. Have fun ngenkathi ukufunda!

Isitelugu siwulimi olusemthethweni esifundazweni Sasendiya I-Andhra Pradesh, futhi sikhulunywa izigidi zabantu Kulo Lonke Elasendiya, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasekarnataka, Etamil nadu Nasemaharashtra. Nokho, naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, ukuthola izinguqulo Zesitelugu kungaba inselele kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala phesheya.

Ngenhlanhla, manje kunezinketho eziningana ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthola izinguqulo ezisezingeni Eliphakeme Zesitelugu. Kukhona izinsizakalo zobungcweti ezinikeza ukuhunyushwa okunembile, okuqinisekisiwe kokubili kwemibhalo yebhizinisi neyomuntu siqu kusuka esingisini Kuya Esitelugu noma okuphambene nalokho. Lezi zinsizakalo zisebenzisa abahumushi abanolwazi abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibhalo ehunyushiwe igcina izinga elifanayo lokunemba nekhwalithi njengokuqukethwe kwasekuqaleni.

Kumabhizinisi, ukuthola izinguqulo Zesitelugu ezinembile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe. Kumelwe baqiniseke ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihunyushwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kufinyelelwe kangcono amakhasimende nabalingani abangaba khona ezweni. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuhumusha okunembile kuyobasiza ukuba bandise ngempumelelo ukufinyelela kwabo emakethe, kodwa futhi kuyosiza ekugwemeni ukungaqondani okungase kuholele emaphutheni abizayo.

Uma kuziwa kubantu abafuna ukuhumusha imibhalo yabo siqu, izinguqulo Zesitelugu zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abafuna ukufaka izicelo zama-visa, ukuba yisakhamuzi, imisebenzi, noma olunye uhlobo lwedokhumenti oludinga ukunemba ngokomthetho.

Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, ukuthola izinga izinguqulo Telugu kufanele njalo kuqala. Ngokukhetha izinsizakalo zobungcweti eziqasha abahumushi abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ngokufanayo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihunyushwa ngokunembile nangokomsebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa Kuwo Isitelugu?

Isitelugu sikhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya, lapho siwulimi olusemthethweni ezifundazweni Zase-Andhra Pradesh, Telangana Naseyanam. Kukhulunywa futhi yimiphakathi emincane ebalulekile ezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane Zasekarnataka, Tamil nadu, maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Nase-Odisha, futhi kukhulunywa iningi esifundazweni sasepuducherry, okuyisifundazwe sasendiya.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesitelugu?

Ulimi Lwesitelugu lwaqala ukuvela emisebenzini yezincwadi esekelwe Esisanskrit yekhulu le-10 futhi selokhu lwavela Kusuka Kutelugu Yakudala, Kuya Kutelugu Ephakathi bese kuba ulimi lwesitelugu lwanamuhla. Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Ngesitelugu iqala ngekhulu lesi-5 ad futhi yatholakala emihumeni Yase-Asrama esifundeni Sase-Anantapur e-Andhra Pradesh. Lolu limi lwalusetshenziselwa imibhalo engokomthetho neyezentengiselwano phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Esikhathini sasendulo, Isitelugu sasithonywe kakhulu yisanskrit nesiprakrit futhi izimbongi zangaleso sikhathi zabhala ngothando lwazo ngalolu limi. Izibonelo zalemisebenzi zihlanganisa Imahabharatam Kanannayya, Ibasava puranam Kapalkuriki Somana, Nerukmangada Charitra Katikkanna.
Phakathi nawo wonke ikhulu le-17 nele-18, izincwadi Zesitelugu zachuma, nababhali abanjengobhimi reddi, Upingali surana, U-Atukuri molla, Uchinnayasoori, Uparavastu Chinnayya Soori, Nokandukuri veeresalingam pantulu bonke benza iminikelo ebalulekile olimini nasezincwadini zalo. Ngo-1875, Iyunivesithi Yasemadras yaqala ukufundisa izincwadi Zesitelugu, okwenza kwaba iyunivesithi yokuqala Yasendiya ukwenza kanjalo.
Namuhla, Isitelugu siwulimi Lwesidravidian olukhulunywa kakhulu futhi singolunye lwezilimi Ezisemthethweni Zasendiya. Isetshenziswa kabanzi esifundazweni Sase-Andhra Pradesh nasezifundeni ezisemngceleni Wekarnataka, Tamil nadu Ne-Orissa, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasemaharashtra, Chhattisgarh Nasejharkhand.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesitelugu?

1. Uvemana: Uvemana uyimbongi edumile Yasetelugu, isazi semfihlakalo nesazi sefilosofi. Waziwa kakhulu ngezinkondlo zakhe ezicacile neziqondayo, ezibonisa izimfundiso Ze-Advaita vedanta. Uye waba negalelo elikhulu emasikweni nasezincwadini Zesitelugu.
2. Unannayya: Unannayya uyisazi sesisanskrit, isazi sohlelo lolimi nombhali owaphila ngekhulu le-11. Ubhekwa njengobaba wezincwadi zesitelugu njengoba kukholakala ukuthi wabhala izibonelo zokuqala zezincwadi Zesitelugu.
3. Utikkana Somayaji: Utikkana Somayaji wayengumbongi nomhlaziyi wasetelugu wekhulu le-14. Uhlonishwa ngokubhala Imahabharata Ngesitelugu, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Tikkana mahabharatamu'. Wabhala nezincazelo Zebhagavad gita,Ibhagavata purana, nama-Upanishad.
4. U-Annamacharya: U-Annamacharya uyimbongi ekhuthazayo futhi ungcwele owaphila ngekhulu le-15. Wabhala izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-32000 zokudumisa Inkosi Uvenkateswara Etirupati, ezaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi 'Sri Annamacharya sankirtanas'. Lezi zingoma zisaculwa emathempelini aseningizimu India nanamuhla.
5. Ucp Brown: Ucharles Philip brown Wayengudokotela Wasebrithani wase-Indologist kanye nesazi sezilimi esasebenza kakhulu ngolimi Lwesitelugu. Waqamba isichazamazwi sokuqala sesitelugu nesingisi futhi wahumusha izincwadi eziningana zakudala zisuka Esisanskrit Zaya Esitelugu. Umnikelo wakhe obalulekile olimini nasezincwadini Zesitelugu ukhunjulwa nanamuhla.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesitelugu sinjani?

Isitelugu siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokungeza izijobelelo esisekelweni noma emsukeni. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "inja" lithi "kukka" futhi igama elithi "izinja" lithi "kukkala."Ngokwesakhiwo, Isitelugu sinohlelo lwamagama LWE-vso (Isenzo-Isihloko-Into), futhi sisebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nangamacala. Inamacala amathathu ayinhloko: okuqondile, okuthambekele, nokuma kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinhlanganisela ezine zezenzi nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlonipha.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Telugu ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesitelugu: kunezifundo eziningi eziku-inthanethi nezomuntu siqu ezitholakalayo ukukusiza ufunde Isitelugu. Bhalisa kwelinye ukuze uthole isingeniso olunzulu ulimi, okuyinto uzokulungiselela impumelelo.
2. Cwaninga Ngesitelugu sokuxoxa: ukuze ukwazi Ukukhuluma Isitelugu ngokushelelayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ulimi lusebenza kanjani esimweni sokuxoxa. In ngokulalela telugu izikhulumi bomdabu futhi umkhuba imishwana ephindaphindwayo emva kwabo.
3. Sebenzisa imithombo ukuzijayeza lolimi: Uma une ezingeni eliyisisekelo Telugu ingxoxo, uqale ukubheka izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kolimi, ezifana isenzo izikhathi kanye nesakhiwo umusho. Ukufunda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, futhi izihloko Telugu kuyindlela enkulu ukuzijayeza amakhono akho lolimi.
4. Sebenzisa imithombo eku-inthanethi: amawebhusayithi Amaningi anikeza imisebenzi yokufunda nolwazi ngolimi namasiko Esitelugu. Eck izinkundla zolimi Lwesitelugu ukuze uhlangane nabanye abafundi, uthole abalingani besifundo, bese ubuza imibuzo.
5. Zicwilise emasikweni: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi iwukuzicwilisa emasikweni. Lalela umculo Telugu, ukubukela amabhayisikobho, ukuya imicimbi kanye nemikhosi, futhi wenze ubungane telugu izikhulumi ukuba babe ngokushelelayo ngolimi.