Isi-turkey Daniel Van Zaarge Humusha

Isiturkey siwulimi lwasendulo, oluphilayo olunezimpande E-Asia ephakathi, oluthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi olusetshenziswa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungavamile njengolimi lwangaphandle, isiturkey siye sabona isithakazelo esivuselelekayo nesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga Yurophu njengoba izwe liba nomhlaba wonke futhi lixhumene.

Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, isiturkey singolunye lwezilimi eziveza kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinama-nuances amasiko kanye ne-syntax efakwe kuhlelo lwayo lolimi nolwazi lwamagama oluyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsizakalo zabahumushi kumelwe zenziwe ochwepheshe bomdabu abajwayelene kakhulu nolimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokukwazi ukukhuluma kahle.

Lapho uhumusha usuka noma uya olimini lwesiturkey, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ulimi lugcwele ulimi oluvamile nezisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilimi eziningi ngaphezu kwenguqulo ejwayelekile ebhaliwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukubiza kabusha kwezilaleli ezihlosiwe kanye nesigama.

Enye inselele ehlobene nokuhunyushwa kwesiturkey uhlelo lolimi olunemininingwane eminingi lwezijobelelo. Uhlamvu ngalunye lungashintshwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho wohlelo lolimi; kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba aqaphele futhi asebenzise le mithetho ngendlela efanele.

Ngokuvamile, isiturkey siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noluhle olunesiko lomlomo elicebile, futhi oludinga isandla esinekhono ukuze sihumushe ngokunembile. Umhumushi ofanelekayo angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphepha akho agcina incazelo yawo ehlosiwe lapho ewadlulisela ngesiturkey noma ngaphandle kwaso.

Yiliphi izwe elikhulunywa ngolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey lukhulunywa kakhulu Eturkey, nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasecyprus, E-Iraq, Ebulgaria, Egrisi Nasejalimane.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey, olwaziwa Ngokuthi Isiturkic, luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Altaic. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela olimini lwezizwe eziyizihambi zalokho manje Okuyiturkey emakhulwini okuqala enkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka ad. Lolu limi lwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lwathonywa kakhulu izilimi Zasempumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia Ephakathi njengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki.
Uhlobo lokuqala olubhaliwe lwesiturkey lwaqala cishe ngekhulu le-13 futhi kuthiwa lwabhalwa Amaseljuk Aseturkey, anqoba ingxenye enkulu ye-Anatolia phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ulimi ababelusebenzisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isiturkey Sase-Anatolia Esidala" futhi lwalunamagama amaningi asepheresiya nawesi-arabhu.
Isikhathi Sama-Ottoman (ngekhulu le-14 kuya kwele-19) sabona ukuvela kolimi olujwayelekile olususelwa olimini Lwesi-Istanbul olwaqala ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi nezifunda zombuso. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isiturkey Sase-Ottoman, esaboleka amagama amaningi kwezinye izilimi ezinjengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki. Yayibhalwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu.
Ngo-1928, U-Atatürk, umsunguli Weriphabhuliki yaseturkey yanamuhla, wethula izinhlamvu zamagama ezintsha zolimi lwesiturkey, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu wasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini eziguquliwe. Lokhu kwaguqula isiturkey futhi kwenza kwaba lula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Isiturkey sanamuhla sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube olunye lwezilimi ezinkulu Eyurophu.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiturkey?

1. Umustafa Kemal Atatürk: Umsunguli nomongameli wokuqala Weriphabhulikhi Yaseturkey, U-Atatürk uvame ukubhekwa njengokwethula izinguquko ezinkulu olimini lwesiturkey, kufaka phakathi ukwenza lula izinhlamvu zamagama, ukufaka amagama angaphandle okulingana nesiturkey, nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufundiswa nokusetshenziswa kolimi.
2. U-Ahmet cevdet: isazi Sase-Ottoman, U-ahmet cevdet wabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesiturkey sanamuhla, esasihlanganisa amagama amaningi esi-arabhu nesipheresiya futhi sinikeza izincazelo ezijwayelekile emagameni nasemishweni yesiturkey.
3. Uhalit Ziya Uşaklıgil: umbhali wamanoveli odumile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Uşaklıgil udunyiswa ngokuvuselela intshisekelo ngesitayela sezinkondlo sombongi Wase-Ottoman Wekhulu le-16 Unâzim hikmet, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ezincwadi afana nokudlala ngamagama nemibuzo yezinkulumo.
4. Urecep Tayyip Erdoğan: Umongameli wamanje Waseturkey, U-Erdoğan udlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umuzwa wobunikazi besizwe ngezinkulumo zakhe nangokusekela kwakhe ukusetshenziswa kwesiturkey empilweni yomphakathi.
5. Ubedri rahmi Eyüboğlu: Omunye wabantu abahamba phambili ezinkondlweni zesimanje zaseturkey kusukela ngawo-1940, U-Eyüboğlu wasiza ukwethula izinto zemibhalo Yasentshonalanga kanye nesiko ezincwadini zaseturkey, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamagama aseturkey kwansuku zonke.

Indlela ulimi Turkish?

Isiturkey siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo (iziphetho zamagama) ukuze lunezele ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nokuhlukahluka kwamagama. Futhi inohlelo lwamagama Oluthi Subject-Object-Verb. Isiturkey naso sinenqolobane enkulu yezinhlamvu zamagama nokuhlukanisa phakathi kobude bezinhlamvu zamagama. Futhi inamaqoqo amaningi ezinhlamvu, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokugcizelela imisho.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Turkish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo ulimi, ezifana zamagama kanye nohlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo. 2. Sebenzisa imithombo yamahhala eku-inthanethi efana nezifundo zolimi lwesiturkey, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuqhubekisela phambili ulwazi lwakho. 3. Beka isimiso esivamile sokutadisha ngokwakho, uzibophezele ekutadisheni ulimi okungenani kanye ngesonto. 4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma Turkish nge izikhulumi bomdabu noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ulimi exchange. 5. Sebenzisa flashcards nezinye izinsiza inkumbulo ukukusiza ukhumbule amagama ayisihluthulelo nemishwana. 6. Lalela umculo Turkish futhi ubuke amafilimu turkish ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana isiko futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho ukulalela. 7. Makeiseka ukuthi uthatha ikhefu njalo ukuze uzinike isikhathi sokucubungula lokho okufundile nokuzijwayeza. 8. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha; amaphutha ayingxenye yenqubo yokufunda. 9. Inselelo ngokwakho ukuzama izinto ezintsha bese ukusunduza imingcele yakho. 10. Have fun ngenkathi ukufunda!

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi oluyingqayizivele lomndeni wezilimi Zasefinland-Ugric futhi lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi ngabantu abancane Basemari Abahlala ezifundeni Zaserussia, E-Estonia Nasefinland. Nakuba kuwulimi oluncane, Isimari Sasentabeni sibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwabantu basemari Basentabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokugxila okwandayo ekulondolozeni lolu limi ngokusebenzisa imizamo efana nehill Mari translation services.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokubaluleka okwandayo Kwehill Mari njengophawu lobunikazi bezamasiko, kanye nokutholakala kabanzi kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha online. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezikuyi-internet zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumusha imibhalo ebalulekile nezincwadi ezibhalwe Ngesimari Sasehill kwezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, zingasetshenziselwa ukudala imibhalo engezansi yamafilimu noma imibukiso yethelevishini enabalingisi Basehill Mari, noma ukwenza izincwadi zolimi lwasehill Mari zitholakale kubantu abangakhulumi lolu limi. Zingasetshenziselwa nokuhumushela Imibhalo ebalulekile njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa, imibhalo engokomthetho, ngisho nezincwadi zesikole Ehill Mari. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusetshenziswa, izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zehill Mari zingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza izingane ezifunda ukukhuluma ulimi noma ukuthuthukisa izichazamazwi nezincwadi zohlelo Lolimi Ehill Mari.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasehill Mari zinikeza inkonzo ebalulekile ekulondolozeni lolu limi olubalulekile. Ngokwenza izincwadi, amafilimu, neminye imibhalo ebalulekile Yasehill Mari itholakale ngezinye izilimi, abakhuluma Isimari Sasehill bayakwazi ukuhlanganyela nabantu abavela emasikweni nasezizindeni ezihlukile kwezabo. Ngokunikeza Izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Zasehill Mari, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe babhekana nalolu limi oluthakazelisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukulondolozwa kwalo esikhathini esizayo.

Yiliphi izwe Lapho Kukhulunywa khona Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasezintabeni lukhulunywa Erussia Nasebelarus.

Uyini umlando Wolimi Lwesimari Lwasentabeni?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic olukhulunywa abantu Basemari Baserussia. Lolu limi lwaqala ukubhalwa phakathi nekhulu le-17 lapho abahloli bamazwe nezazi zaserussia beqala ukwenza ukulandisa kokuhamba kwabantu Basemari kuleyo ndawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izazi zezilimi zaqala ukuqhubeka zibhala ngalolu limi futhi zenza ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwaziwa phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi nokubusa Kwesoviet, lolu limi lwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthandeni njengoba lwalufundiswa ezikoleni futhi lusetshenziswa emibhalweni eminingi esemthethweni. Ngemva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa futhi abantu abaningi abasha bayalufunda futhi balusebenzise namuhla.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini Lwesimari Lwasehill?

1. Upavel chudinov-Isazi Sasemari Sasehill esabhala I-Encyclopedia yokuqala ephelele yolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill eyanyatheliswa ngo-1973.
2. Upavel pentkov-Umbhali we-Two dictionary of The Hill Mari language, enye yazo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2003 kanti enye ngo-2017.
3. Utatiana rudina-Umdali Wezifundo zokuqala zolimi Lwasehill Mari zokufundisa izingane.
4. Uyury makarov isazi sezilimi Sasemari Sasehill esadala Incwadi yokuqala Yesimari Yasehill Ngo-1983.
5. U - Anna Kuznetsova-Umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ze-Hill Mari grammar, izichazamazwi nezinto zokufundisa.

Ulimi Lwasehill Mari lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesimari Lwasehill lungolwesi-Uralic, futhi ikakhulukazi lungolwesivolga-finnic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lwakha amagama ngokungeza izijobelelo esiqwini segama ukuze kuvezwe ubudlelwane bohlelo lolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngomongo nesijobelelo esingeziwe, isiqu esifanayo singasho "incwadi", "izincwadi", noma "ukufunda incwadi". Ibuye isebenzise ukuvumelana konkamisa, inqubo yomsindo edinga ukuba onkamisa abathile bashintshe amagama ukuze balondoloze iphethini ethile. Akukho mehluko wobulili olimini Lwasehill Mari futhi kubhekwa njengokulondolozeka kakhulu kunezinye izilimi Zasefinland-Ugric ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lamagama abolekiwe avela kweminye imindeni yezilimi.

Indlela ukufunda Ulimi Hill Mari ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isikhulumi bomdabu Entabeni Mari ulimi: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ukucwilisa wena kuwo. Khuluma Nesikhulumi Sendabuko Sasehill Mari ukuze uthole ukuqonda kohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nesigama.
2. Funda alfabhethi: Ngaphambi ungaqala ukufunda amagama amasha nemishwana, kubalulekile ukuba ujwayelane Hill Mari alfabhethi.
3. Start ngamazwi alula nemishwana: Gxila ngekhanda amagama ayisisekelo afana nemibala, izinombolo, izinsuku zesonto, nemishwana elula efana nokuthi "sawubona", "sawubona", nokuthi" ngicela "nokuthi" ngiyabonga.”
4. Thatha Ikilasi Lolimi Lwesimari: Uma litholakala endaweni yakho, cabanga ngokubhalisa ekilasini lolimi Lwesimari Noma esifundweni solimi esiku-inthanethi. Thola uma kukhona amanyuvesi endawo anikeza izifundo ngokukhethekile zolimi Lwesimari Lwasehill.
5. Prakthiza njalo: Ukuvumelana kuyisihluthulelo lapho ufunda ulimi olusha. Zama ukuzijayeza nsuku zonke futhi uthole izindlela ukufaka ulimi ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Lalela Hill mari umculo ubuke Hill Mari amabhayisikobho noma imibukiso ukuze sithathe amazwi ezivamile nemishwana.