Isi-turkey Isicatalan Humusha

Isiturkey siwulimi lwasendulo, oluphilayo olunezimpande E-Asia ephakathi, oluthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi olusetshenziswa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungavamile njengolimi lwangaphandle, isiturkey siye sabona isithakazelo esivuselelekayo nesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga Yurophu njengoba izwe liba nomhlaba wonke futhi lixhumene.

Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, isiturkey singolunye lwezilimi eziveza kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinama-nuances amasiko kanye ne-syntax efakwe kuhlelo lwayo lolimi nolwazi lwamagama oluyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsizakalo zabahumushi kumelwe zenziwe ochwepheshe bomdabu abajwayelene kakhulu nolimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokukwazi ukukhuluma kahle.

Lapho uhumusha usuka noma uya olimini lwesiturkey, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ulimi lugcwele ulimi oluvamile nezisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilimi eziningi ngaphezu kwenguqulo ejwayelekile ebhaliwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukubiza kabusha kwezilaleli ezihlosiwe kanye nesigama.

Enye inselele ehlobene nokuhunyushwa kwesiturkey uhlelo lolimi olunemininingwane eminingi lwezijobelelo. Uhlamvu ngalunye lungashintshwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho wohlelo lolimi; kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba aqaphele futhi asebenzise le mithetho ngendlela efanele.

Ngokuvamile, isiturkey siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noluhle olunesiko lomlomo elicebile, futhi oludinga isandla esinekhono ukuze sihumushe ngokunembile. Umhumushi ofanelekayo angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphepha akho agcina incazelo yawo ehlosiwe lapho ewadlulisela ngesiturkey noma ngaphandle kwaso.

Yiliphi izwe elikhulunywa ngolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey lukhulunywa kakhulu Eturkey, nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasecyprus, E-Iraq, Ebulgaria, Egrisi Nasejalimane.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiturkey?

Ulimi lwesiturkey, olwaziwa Ngokuthi Isiturkic, luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Altaic. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela olimini lwezizwe eziyizihambi zalokho manje Okuyiturkey emakhulwini okuqala enkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka ad. Lolu limi lwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lwathonywa kakhulu izilimi Zasempumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia Ephakathi njengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki.
Uhlobo lokuqala olubhaliwe lwesiturkey lwaqala cishe ngekhulu le-13 futhi kuthiwa lwabhalwa Amaseljuk Aseturkey, anqoba ingxenye enkulu ye-Anatolia phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ulimi ababelusebenzisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi "isiturkey Sase-Anatolia Esidala" futhi lwalunamagama amaningi asepheresiya nawesi-arabhu.
Isikhathi Sama-Ottoman (ngekhulu le-14 kuya kwele-19) sabona ukuvela kolimi olujwayelekile olususelwa olimini Lwesi-Istanbul olwaqala ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi nezifunda zombuso. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isiturkey Sase-Ottoman, esaboleka amagama amaningi kwezinye izilimi ezinjengesi-arabhu, isipheresiya nesigreki. Yayibhalwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu.
Ngo-1928, U-Atatürk, umsunguli Weriphabhuliki yaseturkey yanamuhla, wethula izinhlamvu zamagama ezintsha zolimi lwesiturkey, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu wasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini eziguquliwe. Lokhu kwaguqula isiturkey futhi kwenza kwaba lula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Isiturkey sanamuhla sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube olunye lwezilimi ezinkulu Eyurophu.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiturkey?

1. Umustafa Kemal Atatürk: Umsunguli nomongameli wokuqala Weriphabhulikhi Yaseturkey, U-Atatürk uvame ukubhekwa njengokwethula izinguquko ezinkulu olimini lwesiturkey, kufaka phakathi ukwenza lula izinhlamvu zamagama, ukufaka amagama angaphandle okulingana nesiturkey, nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufundiswa nokusetshenziswa kolimi.
2. U-Ahmet cevdet: isazi Sase-Ottoman, U-ahmet cevdet wabhala isichazamazwi sokuqala sesiturkey sanamuhla, esasihlanganisa amagama amaningi esi-arabhu nesipheresiya futhi sinikeza izincazelo ezijwayelekile emagameni nasemishweni yesiturkey.
3. Uhalit Ziya Uşaklıgil: umbhali wamanoveli odumile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Uşaklıgil udunyiswa ngokuvuselela intshisekelo ngesitayela sezinkondlo sombongi Wase-Ottoman Wekhulu le-16 Unâzim hikmet, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ezincwadi afana nokudlala ngamagama nemibuzo yezinkulumo.
4. Urecep Tayyip Erdoğan: Umongameli wamanje Waseturkey, U-Erdoğan udlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umuzwa wobunikazi besizwe ngezinkulumo zakhe nangokusekela kwakhe ukusetshenziswa kwesiturkey empilweni yomphakathi.
5. Ubedri rahmi Eyüboğlu: Omunye wabantu abahamba phambili ezinkondlweni zesimanje zaseturkey kusukela ngawo-1940, U-Eyüboğlu wasiza ukwethula izinto zemibhalo Yasentshonalanga kanye nesiko ezincwadini zaseturkey, kanye nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamagama aseturkey kwansuku zonke.

Indlela ulimi Turkish?

Isiturkey siwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo (iziphetho zamagama) ukuze lunezele ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nokuhlukahluka kwamagama. Futhi inohlelo lwamagama Oluthi Subject-Object-Verb. Isiturkey naso sinenqolobane enkulu yezinhlamvu zamagama nokuhlukanisa phakathi kobude bezinhlamvu zamagama. Futhi inamaqoqo amaningi ezinhlamvu, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokugcizelela imisho.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Turkish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo ulimi, ezifana zamagama kanye nohlelo lolimi eziyisisekelo. 2. Sebenzisa imithombo yamahhala eku-inthanethi efana nezifundo zolimi lwesiturkey, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuqhubekisela phambili ulwazi lwakho. 3. Beka isimiso esivamile sokutadisha ngokwakho, uzibophezele ekutadisheni ulimi okungenani kanye ngesonto. 4. Prakthiza ukukhuluma Turkish nge izikhulumi bomdabu noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ulimi exchange. 5. Sebenzisa flashcards nezinye izinsiza inkumbulo ukukusiza ukhumbule amagama ayisihluthulelo nemishwana. 6. Lalela umculo Turkish futhi ubuke amafilimu turkish ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana isiko futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho ukulalela. 7. Makeiseka ukuthi uthatha ikhefu njalo ukuze uzinike isikhathi sokucubungula lokho okufundile nokuzijwayeza. 8. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha; amaphutha ayingxenye yenqubo yokufunda. 9. Inselelo ngokwakho ukuzama izinto ezintsha bese ukusunduza imingcele yakho. 10. Have fun ngenkathi ukufunda!

Isicatalan siwulimi lwesiromance olukhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Espain Naseandorra, kanye nakwezinye izindawo Zaseyurophu Njenge-Italy, Ifrance Nemalta. Ulimi olusemthethweni esifundeni Sasecatalonia Espain futhi lukhulunywa nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane Zasevalencia naseziqhingini Zasebalearic. Ngenxa yomlando wayo ohlukile, nakuba inokufana okuningi nezinye izilimi Zasespain, iyilimi elihlukile ngokwalo, futhi ukuhumusha phakathi kwesicatalan nezinye izilimi Zaseyurophu kungenza ama-nuances amaningi nobuciko kulahleke kalula.

Kumabhizinisi afuna ukuxhumana namakhasimende noma abasebenzi abakhuluma isicatalan, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa abahumushi abanolwazi nabaqeqeshiwe abangajwayelene nolimi kuphela, kodwa nanoma yiziphi izincazelo ezithile zamasiko. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuhunyushwa imibhalo enjengezinkontileka zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba imithetho Ye-European Union kufanele yenziwe itholakale kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni ze-Eu, ukuhunyushelwa olimini lwesicatalan kuyadingeka kuzo zonke izinkampani ezenza ibhizinisi e-eu.

Ngokufanayo, okuqukethwe okuku-inthanethi njengamawebhusayithi, imikhankaso yokumaketha nokuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana kudingeka kuhunyushwe ngokunembile kubabukeli basecatalan. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezisebenza ngokuzikhandla ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi akunamaphutha, futhi kusesikhathini futhi kufanelekile ngokwesiko.

Lapho ufuna izinsizakalo zokuhumusha, kubalulekile ukukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi onerekhodi elibanzi emkhakheni. Eck ulwazi lwabo kanye nesipiliyoni ulimi, kanye nezindlela zabo. Ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wesevisi ofanelekayo nonolwazi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kwenziwa ngokunembile nangendlela ecabangela ukuzwela kwamasiko. Isevisi enhle yokuhumusha izosiza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi okuqukethwe kusendaweni futhi kufanelekile kubabukeli ababhekiswe kubo.

Ekuphetheni, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezisebenza ngokuzikhandla zinikeza ukuxhumana okubalulekile phakathi kwezilaleli ezikhuluma isicatalan nezingakhulumi isicatalan. Abahumushi abanolwazi nabanolwazi bangasiza amabhizinisi ukuba afinyelele futhi ahlanganyele ezimakethe ezihlosiwe, kanye nokufeza izibopho zawo zomthetho. Ekugcineni, ukulandela amathiphu angenhla kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuhumusha okuphumelelayo nokunembile.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa ecatalan?

Isicatalan sikhulunywa emazweni amaningana, kuhlanganise Nespain, I-Andorra Nefrance. Yaziwa nangokuthi Ivalencian kwezinye izingxenye Zomphakathi Wasevalencian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicatalan sikhulunywa emadolobheni azimele Aseceuta Nasemelilla Enyakatho Afrika, Naseziqhingini Zasebalearic.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesicatalan?

Ulimi lwesicatalan lunomlando omude futhi ohlukahlukene, kusukela ngekhulu le-10. Luwulimi Lwesiromance, okusho ukuthi lwavela olimini lwesilatini, futhi lusuka engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yenhlonhlo Yaseiberia. Isicatalan sasiwulimi Lomqhele Wase-Aragon, owawuhlanganisa izingxenye zefrance yanamuhla, I-Italy Nespain kusukela ngekhulu le-11 kuya kwele-15. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ulimi lwasakazekela eningizimu nasempumalanga kuyo yonke le ndawo.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, isicatalan siye sathonywa kakhulu ezinye izilimi ezihlanganisa isifulentshi, ispanishi nesintaliyane. Ngenkathi Ephakathi, kwakuwulimi olusemthethweni Lombuso Wasemallorca futhi lwaba ulimi oluthandwayo ezinkantolo Zasecatalonia Nase-Aragon. Yayisetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezithile Zasevalencia Naseziqhingini Zasebalearic. Ngenxa yalokho, lolu limi lwakwazi ukulondoloza izici zalo eziyingqayizivele nakuba lwalusebenzise izici zezinye izilimi.
Ekhulwini le-18, lapho Amabourbon ethatha izintambo kule ndawo, isicatalan sathathelwa indawo ispanishi njengolimi olusemthethweni futhi kwathiwa asikho emthethweni ezingxenyeni ezithile zale ndawo. Lokhu kwenqatshelwa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-19 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwaphinde lwathandwa. Manje lolu limi selubhekwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Espain Nasefrance, futhi luye lwavuselelwa emashumini eminyaka amuva.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesicatalan?

1. Ujaume II Wase-Aragon (12671327): wahlanganisa isicatalan nezinye izilimi nezilimi Zasenhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, wakha umanduleli wesicatalan sanamuhla.
2. Upompeu fabra (18681948): Ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi "uyise wesicatalan sanamuhla", Ufabra wayengusosayensi wezilimi ovelele owahlela futhi wahlela uhlelo lolimi.
3. Ujoan Coromines (18931997): Ucoromines wabhala isichazamazwi esiphelele solimi lwesicatalan, esihlala siyincwadi ebalulekile namuhla.
4. Usalvador Espriu( 1913-1985): U-Espriu wayengumbongi, umbhali wemidlalo, nomlobi wezindaba owasiza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesicatalan ezincwadini.
5. Ugabriel ferrater (1922-1972): Uferrater wayengumbongi nomlobi wezindatshana izingoma zakhe eziye zaba yizimpawu ezivelele zesiko lasecatalan.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesicatalan sakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesicatalan silandela ukuhleleka kwamagama kwe-svo (Isihloko-Isenzo-Into). Luwulimi olwenziwe, okusho ukuthi igama ngalinye lingadlulisela ukwaziswa okuningi kohlelo lolimi. Izici eziyinhloko ze-morphology yolimi zihlanganisa ubulili, inombolo kanye nokuvumelana kwesimo. Kunezinhlobo ezine zokuhlanganiswa kwamazwi, ezakha amapharadigm ngamazwi kuye ngomuntu, inombolo, isici, nesimo sengqondo. Kukhona nezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zamagama: okuchazayo nokungachazeki. Amagama anqunyiwe anezihloko ezicacile, kuyilapho amagama angenqunyiwe engenayo.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Catalan ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thola incwadi enhle yolimi lwesicatalan noma inkambo eku – inthanethi-Bheka okuthile okuhlanganisa izinto eziyisisekelo zohlelo lolimi nolwazimagama, futhi unezibonelo nokuzivocavoca ukukusiza uzijwayeze.
2. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ulimi-Sebenzisa app mobile like duolingo, enikeza saqala-level catalan izifundo futhi isebenzisa imidlalo ukukusiza ufunde.
3. Buka catalan films-ukubukela films in Catalan kuyindlela enkulu ukuze uthole izindlebe zakho ujwayelene ulimi.
4. Funda ngesicatalan-Zama ukuthola izincwadi, omagazini, noma amaphephandaba ezibhalwe ngesicatalan, ngisho noma nje ufunda amakhasi ambalwa, kungakusiza pick up amagama amasha nemishwana.
5. Lalela izikhulumi bomdabu - kukhona podcasts eziningi, imibukiso yomsakazo, nezinhlelo TV atholakalayo Catalan ngakho sebenzisa kubo ukukusiza uthole pronunciation yakho ilungelo.
6. Prakthiza ukukhuluma-indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi iwukuba empeleni ukuyisebenzisa. Kunemiphakathi eminingi ekhuluma isicatalan emhlabeni wonke ngakho-ke kufanele kube lula ukuthola umuntu ozozijwayeza naye!