Urduname Icelandic Guqulela

I-Urdu lulwimi olubalulekileyo oluye lwasetyenziswa kwilizwekazi Laseindiya kangangeenkulungwane. Ithethwa zizigidi zabantu, Zombini Eindiya Nasepakistan, kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni kuwo omabini la mazwe.

I-Urdu lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan kwaye ineengcambu zayo kuzo zombini isipersi nesiarabhu. Sele iguqukile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye namhlanje, inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, EZINJE NGE-UK Kunye Nepacific Islands.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, akumangalisi ukuba kukho imfuno enkulu yeenkonzo zokuguqulela I-Urdu. Ayifunwa kuphela yimibutho yeshishini efuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi bayo ngolwimi, kodwa nangabantu abafuna ukuqonda okanye ukuguqulela amaxwebhu E-Urdu.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza iinguqulelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Kwe-Urdu, kufuneka bafumane umntu ofanelekileyo okanye i-arhente yokwenza umsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukufumana umntu oneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, amava kunye neziqinisekiso zokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhle lwenkcubeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwinguqulelo yokugqibela. Oku kuquka ukuqonda amasiko nezithethe zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nokuqonda kwemozulu yezopolitiko kumazwe apho ulwimi luthethwa khona.

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ekuguquleleni Kwe-Urdu kukusetyenziswa kolwimi olufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagama namabinzana asetyenziswe ekuguquleleni achanekile kwaye afanelekile kumongo. Amaxesha amaninzi, abaguquleli kusenokufuneka bathembele kwisibizo okanye kumabinzana aqhelekileyo ukuze badlulisele intsingiselo echanileyo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele indlela ulwimi olubhalwa ngayo. Umzekelo, indlela ebhaliweyo Ye-Urdu isebenzisa iskripthi esahlukileyo kunezinye iilwimi ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisipelingi kunye negrama yenguqulelo.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imida yenguqulelo Ye-Urdu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ulwimi kunzima ukuluqonda okanye ukucacisa, kwaye iimpazamo zinokwenziwa ngokulula. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenze nomguquleli onamava onokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwe-Urdu ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo nobunzima ofuna izakhono ezifanelekileyo kunye namava. Abo bafuna ukusebenzisa ezi nkonzo kufuneka bahlale beqinisekisa ukuba basebenzisa umntu ofanelekileyo okanye iarhente ukwenza umsebenzi. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, inokuba yindlela elungileyo yokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini kunye neelwimi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesiurdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi olusemthethweni Epakistan Naseindiya kwaye kuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Nepal, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Qatar, Nasebahrain.

Ziziphi iilwimi Ze-Urdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi lwesizwe Lwasepakistan kunye nolunye lweelwimi ezingama-23 ezisemthethweni zaseindiya, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo Zaseafghanistan Nasebangladesh. Kukholelwa ukuba uvela kwiqela leelwimi Zase-Indo-Aryan, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhalwe kwiskripthi sesiarabhu esinempembelelo ebalulekileyo evela kwisipersi, isiarabhu nesiturkey. Imvelaphi yolwimi ayiqinisekanga, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwingingqi Yasedelhi ngekhulu le-13 CE kwaye yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu yinkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko zelizwekazi Laseindiya. Ngexesha Lobukhosi Basemughal, I-Urdu yaphuhliswa ngakumbi, yandisa impembelelo yayo Enyakatho Yeindiya, kwaye yathatha amagama kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi ezininzi ezithethwa zizifundo zobukhosi. Ngekhulu le-19 CE, I-Urdu yaba yilwimi enkulu yokubhala, esetyenziselwa izibongo kunye nezinye iindlela zokubhala. Emva kwesahlulo sase-India kwi-1947, I-Urdu yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasepakistan, apho isasetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo namhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiurdu?

1. Allama Iqbal 2. Mirza Ghalib 3. Sir Syed Khan 4. Muhammad Hussain Aze 5. Ifaiz Ahmed Faiz

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Urdu?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwe-Urdu sisekelwe kwisihloko-into-isenzi igama elithi umyalelo. Inesigama esityebileyo kunye nokuboleka okuninzi okuvela kwisipersi, isiarabhu Nesichagatai, kubandakanya ezinye iilwimi ezinje Ngesihindi. Ulwimi lunobudlelwane obuqinileyo Nesihindustani kwaye lwabelana ngeempawu ezithile zolwimi kunye nalo, njengenkqubo yalo eyahlukileyo yezikhamiso, equlathe ii-morphemes ezimbini kwisikhamiso ngasinye. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zithuthukiswa ngenani, isini, ityala kunye nokuchazwa, ngelixa izenzi zithuthukiswa kumntu kunye nenani. Kukho ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwigrama, okwenza I-Urdu ulwimi olunomdla ukufunda nokuqonda.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiurdu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ohloniphekileyo We-Urdu okanye ikhosi: Khangela utitshala onamava okanye ikhosi eyamkelwa ngumbutho ohloniphekileyo njengebhunga Lasemelika Lootitshala Beelwimi Zangaphandle (ACTFL).
2. Funda i-Urdu literature: Ukufunda iincwadi ze-classical kunye nezangoku Ze-Urdu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kwaye kunokukunceda wakhe isigama sakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.
3. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama Ze-Urdu: Ukuziqhelanisa nokuphulaphula I-Urdu yindlela enkulu yokuqhelana nolwimi kunye nokubiza kwalo. Jonga iipodcasts, iividiyo Zeyoutube kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo okubonisa izithethi zomthonyama Zeurdu.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nabanye abantu. Ukuba awunayo ukufikelela Kwizithethi zomthonyama Zesiurdu, ungasebenzisa iiforamu zotshintshiselwano ngolwimi kwi-intanethi ukufumana amaqabane encoko.
5. Sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi: Iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ezifana Neduolingo, Amathontsi Kunye Nememrise zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo zokufunda iilwimi ezintsha. Baya umsebenzi ezininzi quizzes, exercises kwaye imidlalo ukuba unako ukunceda wena mfundisi ulwimi.

I-Icelandic yenye yeelwimi ezindala ezisathethwayo emhlabeni, kwaye incede ukuchaza inkcubeko kunye nobuni babantu Base-Icelandic kangangeenkulungwane. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba nabani na onxibelelana nabantu Base-Iceland, ezoshishino okanye ezolonwabo, abe nokufikelela kwinkonzo yokuguqulela yase-Iceland ethembekileyo nechanekileyo.

Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Baseiceland bayayiqonda indlela oluthethwa ngayo olu lwimi, olunokuba lucelomngeni kakhulu, ekubeni ulwimi Lwaseiceland luyafana kodwa lwahlukile kwezinye iilwimi Zasescandinavia ezinjengesweden nesinorwegian. I-dialect ingahluka phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo Yase-Iceland, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu kumntu ongeyena isithethi somthonyama. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuthatha inkathalo ekhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo yabo ayithathi kuphela intsingiselo yokoqobo yesicatshulwa, kodwa nayo nayiphi na imeko yenkcubeko okanye yengingqi enokubaluleka.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zaseiceland ziye zafikeleleka ngakumbi. Iiarhente zokuguqulela ngoku zinikezela ngeenkonzo ukunceda abo banqwenela ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli Baseiceland zombini kwifom ebhaliweyo, njengamaxwebhu kunye neewebhusayithi, kunye neefom ezibonakalayo ezinjengevidiyo kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. Iinkonzo ezinjalo zibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini asebenza kumazwe aphesheya, apho uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lubalulekile.

Nangona kunjalo, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesiicelandic nazo ziluncedo kuye nabani na ofuna ukunxibelelana ngolwazi, okanye ukusuka, kulwimi Lwesiicelandic. Ngokomzekelo, iincwadi nemibhalo-ngqangi ebhalwe Ngesiiceland inokuguqulelwa kubaphulaphuli abaninzi. Ngokufanayo, imisebenzi engeyiyo I-Icelandic inokwenziwa ifumaneke kwizithethi Zaseicelandic, zibavumela ukuba bafikelele kuncwadi, iindaba kunye nemibono evela kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesiicelandic zibonelela ngonxibelelwano oluxabisekileyo phakathi kwezithethi Zaseicelandic kunye nabaphulaphuli behlabathi. Ke ngoko, ezi nkonzo zibalulekile kuye nabani na onqwenela ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabaphulaphuli Base-Iceland.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi Lwaseiceland?

I-Icelandic ithethwa E-Iceland kuphela, nangona abanye abaphambukeli Basemntla Melika baye baziwa ukuba bayisebenzise njengolwimi lwesibini.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseiceland?

Ulwimi Lwase-Iceland lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani olunobudlelwane Obusondeleyo Ne-Old Norse kwaye luthethwe ngabantu Base-Iceland ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-9th. Yaqala ukurekhodwa kwinkulungwane ye-12 Kwisagas Yaseiceland, eyabhalwa Kwi-Old Norse.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14, Isiiceland sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwaseiceland saza saqalisa ukwahluka kwiingcambu Zaso Ezindala Zasenorse, sivelisa igrama nesigama esitsha. Le nkqubo yakhawuleziswa Ngohlaziyo ngowe-1550, Xa Ubuluthere babulawula Eiceland, nto leyo eyaphumela ekungeneni kweendinyana zonqulo ezisuka kwisidanish nesijamani ezatshintsha olo lwimi ngokusisigxina.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Iiceland yaqalisa ukuba nemizi-mveliso emininzi yaza yamkela amagama athile avela kwisingesi nesidanish. Intshukumo yomgangatho wolwimi yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kunye nohlaziyo lokuqala lokupela ngo-1907-1908. Oku kwakhokelela ekudalweni kolwimi Olumanyeneyo lwaseiceland ngowe-1908, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho uhlaziyo olungakumbi.
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, olu lwimi luye lwenza iinguqulelo ezingakumbi, ngokubandakanywa kwamagama emali-mboleko anamhlanje kunye nemigaqo enxulumene netekhnoloji, kunye nokuqaliswa kwemigaqo engathathi cala ngokwesini kwiakhawunti yeentshukumo zamabhinqa. Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwase-Iceland luyaguquka kwaye luyaqhubeka nokuhlala lungatshintshi, ngelixa ukwamkela amagama amatsha ukubonisa inkcubeko eguqukayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiicelandic?

1. Usnorri Sturluson (1178-1241): imbongi edumileyo Yaseiceland, umbhali-mbali, kunye nombhali-mbali onefuthe elinzulu kulwimi Lwaseiceland kunye noncwadi.
2. Ujónas Hallgrímsson (1807-1845): imbongi Yase-Iceland edla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguyise wemibongo yanamhlanje Yase-Iceland. Amazwi akhe abumba ulwimi lwangoku Lwesiicelandic aze avelise amagama namabinzana amatsha.
3. Ujónárnason (1819-1888): umphengululi Wase-Iceland owaqulunqa waza wapapasha i-first comprehensive dictionary yase-Iceland ngo-1852.
4. U-Einar Benediktsson (1864-1940): umbhali odumileyo Wase-Iceland kunye nembongi eyanceda ukubumba uncwadi lwangoku Lwase-Iceland kwaye yafaka izinto zenkcubeko yabantu.
5. Uklaus Von Seeck (1861-1951): ingcali yeelwimi yasejamani eyaba ngowokuqala ukuchaza isicelandic ngokubanzi kwaye ithelekise ulwimi Lwesicelandic nezinye iilwimi Zesijamani.

Njani ulwimi Lwesicelandic?

Ulwimi Lwaseicelandic Lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani oluvela Kwinorse Yakudala, ulwimi lwabahlali basescandinavia bokuqala kweli lizwe. Ubume bolwimi bubonisa iingcambu Zabo Zasejamani; isebenzisa umxholo-isenzi-into igama umyalelo kwaye ine-morphology enamandla. Inamadoda amathathu (ubudoda ,ubufazi kunye ne-neuter) kunye namatyala amane (ukutyunjwa, ukumangalela, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive). Ikwanobumbano lwegrama, olubonisa ukuba izibizo Zaseiceland, izenzi, kunye nezichazi zineendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: isinye kunye nesininzi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-deception kuqhelekile E-Iceland kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa inani, imeko,inkcazo, kunye nokufumana.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwase-Iceland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Yenza ukuzibophelela ekufundeni: Gqiba ukuba lingakanani ixesha ofuna ukuzinikela ekufundeni ulwimi kwaye uzibophelele kulo. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni, njengokufunda igama elitsha okanye umthetho wegrama yonke imihla okanye uzimisele ukufunda iphepha elivela kwincwadi yesiicelandic suku ngalunye.
2. Fumana izibonelelo ezikusebenzelayo: zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi onokuzisebenzisa ukuphucula amava akho okufunda. Kungaluncedo ukufumana incwadi egxile kulwakhiwo lwegrama yolwimi kunye nokusebenzisa ukurekhodwa komsindo okanye iividiyo ukuphulaphula nokubiza amagama.
3. Ziqhelise rhoqo: ukuze ube nentembelo kulwimi uze uqiniseke ukuba akuzilibali izinto ozifundileyo, qiniseka ukuba uziqhelanisa rhoqo. Unokujoyina iklasi ekwi-intanethi, fumana iqabane lencoko Yase-Iceland kwi-intanethi okanye uziqhelanise nabahlobo.
4. Zifake kwinkcubeko Yase-Iceland: Ukubukela iifilimu Kunye nomabonwakude Wase-Iceland, ukufunda iincwadi kunye neemagazini, kunye nokuya kwimisitho yenkcubeko yase-Iceland zonke iindlela ezintle zokuqhelana nolwimi nenkcubeko.
5. Yonwaba kunye nayo: Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube mnandi! Zama ukujija ulwimi Lwesiicelandic kunye nezicatshulwa okanye wonwabe ngokudlala imidlalo yolwimi ekwi-intanethi.