Urduname Isifrentshi Guqulela

I-Urdu lulwimi olubalulekileyo oluye lwasetyenziswa kwilizwekazi Laseindiya kangangeenkulungwane. Ithethwa zizigidi zabantu, Zombini Eindiya Nasepakistan, kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni kuwo omabini la mazwe.

I-Urdu lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan kwaye ineengcambu zayo kuzo zombini isipersi nesiarabhu. Sele iguqukile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye namhlanje, inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, EZINJE NGE-UK Kunye Nepacific Islands.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, akumangalisi ukuba kukho imfuno enkulu yeenkonzo zokuguqulela I-Urdu. Ayifunwa kuphela yimibutho yeshishini efuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi bayo ngolwimi, kodwa nangabantu abafuna ukuqonda okanye ukuguqulela amaxwebhu E-Urdu.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza iinguqulelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Kwe-Urdu, kufuneka bafumane umntu ofanelekileyo okanye i-arhente yokwenza umsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukufumana umntu oneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, amava kunye neziqinisekiso zokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhle lwenkcubeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwinguqulelo yokugqibela. Oku kuquka ukuqonda amasiko nezithethe zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nokuqonda kwemozulu yezopolitiko kumazwe apho ulwimi luthethwa khona.

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ekuguquleleni Kwe-Urdu kukusetyenziswa kolwimi olufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagama namabinzana asetyenziswe ekuguquleleni achanekile kwaye afanelekile kumongo. Amaxesha amaninzi, abaguquleli kusenokufuneka bathembele kwisibizo okanye kumabinzana aqhelekileyo ukuze badlulisele intsingiselo echanileyo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele indlela ulwimi olubhalwa ngayo. Umzekelo, indlela ebhaliweyo Ye-Urdu isebenzisa iskripthi esahlukileyo kunezinye iilwimi ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisipelingi kunye negrama yenguqulelo.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imida yenguqulelo Ye-Urdu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ulwimi kunzima ukuluqonda okanye ukucacisa, kwaye iimpazamo zinokwenziwa ngokulula. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenze nomguquleli onamava onokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwe-Urdu ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo nobunzima ofuna izakhono ezifanelekileyo kunye namava. Abo bafuna ukusebenzisa ezi nkonzo kufuneka bahlale beqinisekisa ukuba basebenzisa umntu ofanelekileyo okanye iarhente ukwenza umsebenzi. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, inokuba yindlela elungileyo yokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini kunye neelwimi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesiurdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi olusemthethweni Epakistan Naseindiya kwaye kuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Nepal, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Qatar, Nasebahrain.

Ziziphi iilwimi Ze-Urdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi lwesizwe Lwasepakistan kunye nolunye lweelwimi ezingama-23 ezisemthethweni zaseindiya, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo Zaseafghanistan Nasebangladesh. Kukholelwa ukuba uvela kwiqela leelwimi Zase-Indo-Aryan, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhalwe kwiskripthi sesiarabhu esinempembelelo ebalulekileyo evela kwisipersi, isiarabhu nesiturkey. Imvelaphi yolwimi ayiqinisekanga, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwingingqi Yasedelhi ngekhulu le-13 CE kwaye yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu yinkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko zelizwekazi Laseindiya. Ngexesha Lobukhosi Basemughal, I-Urdu yaphuhliswa ngakumbi, yandisa impembelelo yayo Enyakatho Yeindiya, kwaye yathatha amagama kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi ezininzi ezithethwa zizifundo zobukhosi. Ngekhulu le-19 CE, I-Urdu yaba yilwimi enkulu yokubhala, esetyenziselwa izibongo kunye nezinye iindlela zokubhala. Emva kwesahlulo sase-India kwi-1947, I-Urdu yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasepakistan, apho isasetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo namhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiurdu?

1. Allama Iqbal 2. Mirza Ghalib 3. Sir Syed Khan 4. Muhammad Hussain Aze 5. Ifaiz Ahmed Faiz

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Urdu?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwe-Urdu sisekelwe kwisihloko-into-isenzi igama elithi umyalelo. Inesigama esityebileyo kunye nokuboleka okuninzi okuvela kwisipersi, isiarabhu Nesichagatai, kubandakanya ezinye iilwimi ezinje Ngesihindi. Ulwimi lunobudlelwane obuqinileyo Nesihindustani kwaye lwabelana ngeempawu ezithile zolwimi kunye nalo, njengenkqubo yalo eyahlukileyo yezikhamiso, equlathe ii-morphemes ezimbini kwisikhamiso ngasinye. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zithuthukiswa ngenani, isini, ityala kunye nokuchazwa, ngelixa izenzi zithuthukiswa kumntu kunye nenani. Kukho ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwigrama, okwenza I-Urdu ulwimi olunomdla ukufunda nokuqonda.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiurdu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ohloniphekileyo We-Urdu okanye ikhosi: Khangela utitshala onamava okanye ikhosi eyamkelwa ngumbutho ohloniphekileyo njengebhunga Lasemelika Lootitshala Beelwimi Zangaphandle (ACTFL).
2. Funda i-Urdu literature: Ukufunda iincwadi ze-classical kunye nezangoku Ze-Urdu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kwaye kunokukunceda wakhe isigama sakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.
3. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama Ze-Urdu: Ukuziqhelanisa nokuphulaphula I-Urdu yindlela enkulu yokuqhelana nolwimi kunye nokubiza kwalo. Jonga iipodcasts, iividiyo Zeyoutube kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo okubonisa izithethi zomthonyama Zeurdu.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nabanye abantu. Ukuba awunayo ukufikelela Kwizithethi zomthonyama Zesiurdu, ungasebenzisa iiforamu zotshintshiselwano ngolwimi kwi-intanethi ukufumana amaqabane encoko.
5. Sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi: Iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ezifana Neduolingo, Amathontsi Kunye Nememrise zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo zokufunda iilwimi ezintsha. Baya umsebenzi ezininzi quizzes, exercises kwaye imidlalo ukuba unako ukunceda wena mfundisi ulwimi.

Isifrentshi sesinye uninzi ethandwa kakhulu iilwimi ehlabathini, kuthethwa nge-izigidi zabantu jikelele iglobhu. Nokuba ungumfundi, ingcali yeshishini, okanye umhambi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ungahamba njani malunga nokuguqulela amaxwebhu kunye nezinye iitekisi kwisifrentshi. Ngokuthatha ixesha lokuguqulela ngokufanelekileyo kwisifrentshi, uya kuba nakho ukunxibelelana ngokulula ngolwimi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba umyalezo wakho uqondwa ngokucacileyo.

Zininzi iindlela zokuguqulela isifrentshi. Inyathelo lokuqala kukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesicatshulwa ozama ukusiguqulela. Ukuba usebenza ngenqaku elifutshane okanye umyalezo omfutshane, umzekelo, unokufuna ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ukuguqula ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amagama akho kwisifrentshi. Uninzi lwezixhobo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi zikhululekile kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye iziphumo zinokuchaneka kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuba usebenza noxwebhu olude, njengencwadi okanye inqaku elide, nangona kunjalo, unokufuna ukucinga ngokuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo ukuba enze umsebenzi. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo baneminyaka yamava kwintsimi yabo, kunye neliso elibukhali kwiinkcukacha xa kuziwa ekuqondeni izinto zolwimi. Baya kukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa sakho siguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, usebenzisa igrama efanelekileyo kunye ne-syntax.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa uguqulela isifrentshi lulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Kwezinye iimeko, amagama asefrentshi kunye namabinzana owasebenzisayo anokungathethi into efanayo kwiintlanga ezithetha isifrentshi. Ngokomzekelo, amagama athile asetyenziswe kwisifrentshi sasekhanada akayi kuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo kwisifrentshi esithethwa kumazwe afana Nefransi, Ibelgium Neswitzerland. Ukuthintela nakuphi na ukudideka okunokubakho phantsi komgca, kububulumko ukujonga kabini isithethi somthonyama okanye wenze uphando olongezelelekileyo lokuba yeyiphi inguqulelo efanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ojolise kubo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi iprojekthi osebenza kuyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha ixesha lokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo iimfuno zakho zokuguqulela isifrentshi. Ukwenza njalo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wakho ugcinwe ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi kwaye amazwi akho anikwa intlonipho efanelekileyo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba abaphulaphuli bakho abajoliswe kuyo abayiqondi itekisi yakho, ngoko wonke umsebenzi wakho onzima uye wachitha.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isifrentshi?

Isifrentshi sithethwa Efransi, Ecanada (ngakumbi Equebec), Ebelgium, Eswitzerland, Eluxembourg, Emonaco, nakwezinye iindawo Zasemelika (ngakumbi Elouisiana). Isifrentshi lulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu kumazwe Amaninzi Aseafrika, kuquka Ialgeria, Imorocco, Itunisia, Icameroon Necote D'Ivoire.

Ziziphi iintetho zesifrentshi?

Ulwimi lwesifrentshi luvela kulwimi lwesilatini olusetyenziswa Ngamaroma, oluziswa Efransi Ngujulius Caesar kunye namanye amajoni Aseroma. Amafrank, abantu Basejamani, bawoyisa loo mmandla ngenkulungwane yesi-4 neyesi-5 baza bathetha ulwimi olwaziwa Ngokuba Sisifrentshi. Olu lwimi ludityaniswe nesilatini ukwenza oko kwaziwa namhlanje njengesifrentshi Esidala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-11, kwavela uhlobo loncwadi olubizwa ngokuba yitrouvère( troubadour), luqalisa amagama amatsha nolwakhiwo lwezivakalisi oluntsonkothileyo. Olu hlobo lokubhala lwasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elaseyurophu kwaye ngokukhawuleza lwathandwa.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14, isifrentshi sabhengezwa ngokusemthethweni ulwimi lwenkundla kwaye sisetyenziselwa onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni. Iklasi yasebourgeois nayo yaqala ukuthetha isifrentshi endaweni yesilatini kwaye ukhetho lwabo lwamagama lwaqala ukuphembelela ulwimi.
Ngexesha le-1600s, ulwimi lwalusemgangathweni kwaye lwenziwa ngokusesikweni, lusinika ulwimi lwangoku lwesifrentshi. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, I-Academy Francaise yasekwa ngenjongo yokugcina ingqibelelo yolwimi, kwaye ngenkulungwane ye-18 I-Academie yapapasha iseti yayo yokuqala yemithetho yendlela ulwimi kufuneka lusetyenziswe kwaye lupelwe ngayo.
Ulwimi lwesifrentshi luyaqhubeka nokuvela namhlanje, ngamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana amkelwe kwezinye iilwimi kunye neenkcubeko.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesifrentshi?

1. Ufrancois Rabelais (1494-1553): umbhali Odumileyo We-Renaissance osebenzise ulwimi lwesifrentshi waseka indlela entsha yokubhala kwaye wanceda ekusasazeni ulwimi lwesifrentshi kunye nenkcubeko.
2. Victor Hugo (1802-1885): Umbhali Les Misérables, Notre-Dame De Paris, kunye neminye imisebenzi ukuba yathandwa uncwadi isifrentshi waza wanceda ukuphakamisa ulwimi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
3. Ujean-Paul Sartre( 1905-1980): Ifilosofi kunye nomlobi owanceda ukwazisa isifrentshi ubukho kunye nefuthe kwizizukulwana zabacingisi nabalobi Efransi nangaphaya.
4. Uclaude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009): I-Anthropologist kunye ne-theorist yezentlalo eyabhala ngokubanzi malunga nenkcubeko yasefransi kwaye yaba negalelo kwi-theory of structuralism.
5. Uferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913): iswitzerland linguist kunye noyise weelwimi zanamhlanje Ezinempembelelo Kwiilwimi Ngokubanzi zisafundwa namhlanje.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesifrentshi?

Ulwimi lwesifrentshi lulwimi Lothando olwenziwe ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye nenkqubo ehlelwe kakhulu kwaye iyalelwe igrama. Inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuqina, amaxesha amathathu alula kunye nokuqina kwamacandelo amathandathu abonisa iimpawu zentsingiselo, kunye neemvakalelo ezinje ngokuzithoba kunye nemeko. Ukongeza koku, isifrentshi sikwabonisa iifom ezine eziphambili zesenzi, amazwi amabini, amadoda amabini egrama kunye namanani amabini. Ulwimi lulandela imigaqo engqongqo xa kufikwa kubizo, intetho kunye nesivumelwano phakathi kwamagama ngaphakathi kwesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda isifrentshi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo onokulufikelela. Qala ngeziseko kwaye ugxile ekufundeni isakhono esinye ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kokulandelayo.
2. Zenzele french Zama ukuphulaphula, ukufunda, ukubukela nokuthetha isifrentshi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
3. Funda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana yonke imihla. Yenza i-flashcards kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokuphindaphinda.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo ukuncokola isifrentshi. Yiba neengxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama okanye usebenzise iiwebhusayithi zokutshintshiselana ngolwimi ukuze uziqhelanise.
5. Get ukwazi isifrentshi inkcubeko. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ulwimi ngcono kwaye uluxabise ngakumbi.
6. Yonwaba ngayo! Fumana creative, yenza iimpazamo, laugh ngokwakho kwaye khumbula ukuba kutheni nisolko ukufunda isifrentshi kwindawo yokuqala.