Urduname Kazakhname Guqulela

I-Urdu lulwimi olubalulekileyo oluye lwasetyenziswa kwilizwekazi Laseindiya kangangeenkulungwane. Ithethwa zizigidi zabantu, Zombini Eindiya Nasepakistan, kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni kuwo omabini la mazwe.

I-Urdu lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan kwaye ineengcambu zayo kuzo zombini isipersi nesiarabhu. Sele iguqukile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye namhlanje, inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, EZINJE NGE-UK Kunye Nepacific Islands.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, akumangalisi ukuba kukho imfuno enkulu yeenkonzo zokuguqulela I-Urdu. Ayifunwa kuphela yimibutho yeshishini efuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi bayo ngolwimi, kodwa nangabantu abafuna ukuqonda okanye ukuguqulela amaxwebhu E-Urdu.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza iinguqulelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Kwe-Urdu, kufuneka bafumane umntu ofanelekileyo okanye i-arhente yokwenza umsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukufumana umntu oneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, amava kunye neziqinisekiso zokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhle lwenkcubeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwinguqulelo yokugqibela. Oku kuquka ukuqonda amasiko nezithethe zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nokuqonda kwemozulu yezopolitiko kumazwe apho ulwimi luthethwa khona.

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ekuguquleleni Kwe-Urdu kukusetyenziswa kolwimi olufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagama namabinzana asetyenziswe ekuguquleleni achanekile kwaye afanelekile kumongo. Amaxesha amaninzi, abaguquleli kusenokufuneka bathembele kwisibizo okanye kumabinzana aqhelekileyo ukuze badlulisele intsingiselo echanileyo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele indlela ulwimi olubhalwa ngayo. Umzekelo, indlela ebhaliweyo Ye-Urdu isebenzisa iskripthi esahlukileyo kunezinye iilwimi ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisipelingi kunye negrama yenguqulelo.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imida yenguqulelo Ye-Urdu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ulwimi kunzima ukuluqonda okanye ukucacisa, kwaye iimpazamo zinokwenziwa ngokulula. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenze nomguquleli onamava onokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwe-Urdu ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo nobunzima ofuna izakhono ezifanelekileyo kunye namava. Abo bafuna ukusebenzisa ezi nkonzo kufuneka bahlale beqinisekisa ukuba basebenzisa umntu ofanelekileyo okanye iarhente ukwenza umsebenzi. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, inokuba yindlela elungileyo yokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini kunye neelwimi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesiurdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi olusemthethweni Epakistan Naseindiya kwaye kuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Nepal, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Qatar, Nasebahrain.

Ziziphi iilwimi Ze-Urdu?

I-Urdu lulwimi lwesizwe Lwasepakistan kunye nolunye lweelwimi ezingama-23 ezisemthethweni zaseindiya, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo Zaseafghanistan Nasebangladesh. Kukholelwa ukuba uvela kwiqela leelwimi Zase-Indo-Aryan, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhalwe kwiskripthi sesiarabhu esinempembelelo ebalulekileyo evela kwisipersi, isiarabhu nesiturkey. Imvelaphi yolwimi ayiqinisekanga, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwingingqi Yasedelhi ngekhulu le-13 CE kwaye yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu yinkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko zelizwekazi Laseindiya. Ngexesha Lobukhosi Basemughal, I-Urdu yaphuhliswa ngakumbi, yandisa impembelelo yayo Enyakatho Yeindiya, kwaye yathatha amagama kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi ezininzi ezithethwa zizifundo zobukhosi. Ngekhulu le-19 CE, I-Urdu yaba yilwimi enkulu yokubhala, esetyenziselwa izibongo kunye nezinye iindlela zokubhala. Emva kwesahlulo sase-India kwi-1947, I-Urdu yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasepakistan, apho isasetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo namhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiurdu?

1. Allama Iqbal 2. Mirza Ghalib 3. Sir Syed Khan 4. Muhammad Hussain Aze 5. Ifaiz Ahmed Faiz

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Urdu?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwe-Urdu sisekelwe kwisihloko-into-isenzi igama elithi umyalelo. Inesigama esityebileyo kunye nokuboleka okuninzi okuvela kwisipersi, isiarabhu Nesichagatai, kubandakanya ezinye iilwimi ezinje Ngesihindi. Ulwimi lunobudlelwane obuqinileyo Nesihindustani kwaye lwabelana ngeempawu ezithile zolwimi kunye nalo, njengenkqubo yalo eyahlukileyo yezikhamiso, equlathe ii-morphemes ezimbini kwisikhamiso ngasinye. Izibizo kunye nezichazi zithuthukiswa ngenani, isini, ityala kunye nokuchazwa, ngelixa izenzi zithuthukiswa kumntu kunye nenani. Kukho ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwigrama, okwenza I-Urdu ulwimi olunomdla ukufunda nokuqonda.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiurdu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ohloniphekileyo We-Urdu okanye ikhosi: Khangela utitshala onamava okanye ikhosi eyamkelwa ngumbutho ohloniphekileyo njengebhunga Lasemelika Lootitshala Beelwimi Zangaphandle (ACTFL).
2. Funda i-Urdu literature: Ukufunda iincwadi ze-classical kunye nezangoku Ze-Urdu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kwaye kunokukunceda wakhe isigama sakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.
3. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama Ze-Urdu: Ukuziqhelanisa nokuphulaphula I-Urdu yindlela enkulu yokuqhelana nolwimi kunye nokubiza kwalo. Jonga iipodcasts, iividiyo Zeyoutube kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo okubonisa izithethi zomthonyama Zeurdu.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nabanye abantu. Ukuba awunayo ukufikelela Kwizithethi zomthonyama Zesiurdu, ungasebenzisa iiforamu zotshintshiselwano ngolwimi kwi-intanethi ukufumana amaqabane encoko.
5. Sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi: Iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ezifana Neduolingo, Amathontsi Kunye Nememrise zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo zokufunda iilwimi ezintsha. Baya umsebenzi ezininzi quizzes, exercises kwaye imidlalo ukuba unako ukunceda wena mfundisi ulwimi.

Inguqulelo yesikazakh yinkqubo ebaluleke ngakumbi njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka likhula. Ngokukhula kweemarike zehlabathi, kukho imfuneko enkulu yeenkonzo ezichanekileyo zokuguqulela zasekazakh. Ukuguqulela ikazakh kwezinye iilwimi kwaye ngokuchaseneyo kunokuba yinkqubo ekhohlisayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda ulwimi kunye negrama yalo, kunye nokwahluka kwenkcubeko phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kubonelelwe ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni.

Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, kunye nezinye republics zangaphambili Soviet. Kuye kwaphenjelelwa sisiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Olu lwimi luneelwimi ezine: Umzantsi, Umntla, Umzantsi-Mpuma Nentshona. Kuxhomekeka kuguqulelo lolwimi lwesiyelelane, imigaqo ethile yegrama neyokusetyenziswa isenokutshintsha. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba wazi zonke iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uqalise iprojekthi yokuguqulela.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ube novelwano kwimiba yenkcubeko enokuchaphazela indlela ulwimi olubonwa ngayo. Umzekelo, ulwimi olusemthethweni luhlala lusetyenziswa xa kuxutyushwa imicimbi yezoshishino, ngelixa ulwimi olungacwangciswanga luhlala lukhethwa kwiingxoxo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iminyaka yomguquleli, njengoko abaguquleli abancinci banokungazi amagama amadala okanye amabinzana asenokuba ebesetyenziswa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba abaguquleli baqhelane nealfabhethi kunye nenkqubo yokubhala ulwimi abaluguqulelayo. I-Kazakh ibhalwe ngoonobumba abathathu abahlukeneyo, kodwa Isicyrillic sesona sixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Ukongeza, ulwimi lunemiqondiso yalo ebhaliweyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa iguqulela.

Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo yesikazakh ifuna ukuqonda ulwimi, iziyelelane zayo, iindlela zenkcubeko noonobumba. Ngokuqwalasela zonke ezi nkalo, abaguquleli banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zidlulisela ngokuchanileyo umyalezo ekujoliswe kuwo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasekazakh?

I-kazakhstan lulwimi olusemthethweni Ekazakhstan, kunye nokuthethwa Erashiya nakwiindawo Zasechina, E-Afghanistan, Eturkey Nasemongolia.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesikazakh?

Imbali yolwimi lwasekazakh isusela emva phayaa kwiminyaka yee-1400 xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi olubhaliweyo phakathi kwezizwe ezithetha isiturkiki ezazihlala kumbindi Asia. Kukholelwa ukuba amagama amaninzi kulwimi lwesikazakh abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, kunye nesipersi, isiarabhu nesirashiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwasekazakhstan lwaba lolona lwimi luphambili Ekazakhstan, yaye emva kwexesha Likastalin, lwaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekazakhstan ngowe-1996. Namhlanje, kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11, ubukhulu becala Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan Naserashiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasekazakh?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (1845-1904) - owaziwa Ngokubanzi Ngokuba Nguyise woncwadi Lwangoku lwasekazakh, imbongi kunye nefilosofi eyazisa isitayile esitsha soncwadi kunye nolwimi lwanamhlanje.
2. Umagzhan Zhumabayev (1866-1938) - umbhali kunye notitshala obekwe emgangathweni iskripthi solwimi lwasekazakh sangoku.
3. Umukhtar Auezov ( 1897-1961) - umbhali obalaseleyo, umbhali wokudlala, Kunye Nomphathiswa wokuqala Wemfundo Esoviet Kazakhstan, obizwa ngokudibanisa nokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwasekazakh.
4. Ugabit Musrepov (1894-1937) - ingcali yeelwimi, utitshala, kunye ne-ethnographer owayenegalelo lokuqala kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasekazakh.
5. Uyerlan Nysanbayev (1903-1971) - umguquleli wolwimi kunye nomsunguli We-Kazakh Academy Of Sciences ofake igalelo elikhulu ekuphuculweni kolwimi lwasekazakh.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwasekazakh?

Ubume bolwimi lwasekazakh bunobugagu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa i-morphemes ukuba nganye inentsingiselo enye. I-Kazakh nayo ine-syntax ephelele, oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo wesigatya esingenanto kunye nento yesigatya sokuhamba sinokuboniswa ngendlela efanayo. Ulwimi lukwanamatyala asithoba ezibizo kunye nezenzi ezithandathu.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekazakh ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Funda ialfabhethi kunye nendlela yokufunda, ukubhala nokubiza amagama. 2. Funda igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Unokufumana izibonelelo ezininzi eziluncedo kwi-intanethi. 3. Mamela umculo wasekazakh kwaye ubukele iimovie zasekazakh KUNYE nemiboniso YETV ukuze uqhelane nolwimi oluthethwayo. 4. Ziqhelanise nomhlohli okanye isithethi somthonyama. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelisele ukuthetha nokuva ulwimi ukuba lutyibilike. 5. Qhubeka ufunda. Bekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye lokusebenza ekufundeni nasekuziqhelaniseni ulwimi. 6. Breathe into culture. Ukufunda iincwadi, ukumamela umculo, kunye nokufunda malunga nendlela yokuphila yasekazakh kuya kukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi.