Isi-Hindi Isifinishi Humusha

Isihindi siwulimi oluyinhloko olukhulunywa abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-500 Endiya nasemazweni amaningi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Lolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Endiya, kanye nesingisi nezinye izilimi zesifunda. Ukuhumusha isihindi kuye kwaba okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba isidingo sokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi sikhula.

Ulimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo futhi lunezilimi ezihlukahlukene. Lolu limi luhlanganisa amagama ahlukahlukene athathwe emithonjeni yesisanskrit, Isi-Urdu nesipheresiya, okwenza kube nenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezilimi. Ukuhumusha kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo ebhaliwe noma amakhasi ewebhu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Ngesihindi zifunwa kakhulu, okuvumela amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ukuba bashintshe ngokushesha nangokunembile imibhalo nemibhalo Ngesihindi.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wesihindi, kubalulekile ukukhetha umuntu oqonda ama-nuances olimi, kanye nezilimi zalo ezihlukahlukene. Abahumushi abanolwazi bayoluqonda ngokujulile ulimi nohlelo lwayo lolimi, olubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinguqulo ezinembile. Ziyojwayelana namagama asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezithile nasezimweni ezithile, ukuze umbhalo ungalahlekelwa yinoma iyiphi incazelo yawo yasekuqaleni enqubweni yokuhumusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi omuhle Wesihindi uyoba nolwazi ngemithetho yamasiko ehlobene nolimi futhi aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezihunyushiwe ziyakucabangela lokhu.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyikhono elikhethekile kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqasha abahumushi abanolwazi, abaqeqeshiwe kuphela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo zokuhumusha eziku-inthanethi ezinganikeza ukuhumusha Kwesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola lezi zinkampani ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nekhwalithi. Izinguqulo ezinhle kakhulu ziyobamba umoya wolimi, kunokuba nje zinikeze ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwamagama.

Ukuhumusha isihindi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvaleni igebe lokuxhumana phakathi kwabakhuluma Isihindi nesingisi. Ngosizo lwabahumushi abangochwepheshe, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangempumelelo namakhasimende awo akhuluma izilimi ezimbili, kuyilapho abantu ngabanye bengakwazi ukuxhumana nomkhaya nabangane ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo Isihindi?

Isihindi sikhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya Nasenepal, kodwa sikhulunywa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, I-Uganda, I-United Arab Emirates, I-United Kingdom, I-United states Neyemen.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesihindi?

Ulimi Lwesihindi lunomsuka walo olimini Lwesisanskrit Lwasendiya lasendulo olwavela esikhathini Samaveda (c.1500 500 bce). Isihindi siyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-Aryan noma Lwesi-indic, futhi singolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni Zasendiya.
Ngekhulu le-14 ithonya lamapheresiya lalibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Yendiya futhi kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kolimi Lwesikhariboli oluyisandulela Sesihindi sanamuhla. Ngekhulu le-16, Umbuso Wamamughal wasakaza ithonya Lawo Kulo Lonke Elasendiya futhi lokhu kwaholela ekusakazekeni kolimi Lwesi-Urdu, oluvela olimini lwesi-arabhu nolwesipheresiya olwaluxubene nolimi lwendabuko Lwasekhariboli. Lolu limi oluxubekile lwalusetshenziselwa izinjongo zemibhalo nezokuphatha futhi lwaziwa Ngokuthi Isihindustani okubhekwa njengolandulela Kokubili Isi-Urdu Nesihindi.
I-British raj yaba nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni Isihindi. Imibhalo Yamahindu yahunyushelwa embhalweni Wesidevanagari, umbhalo osasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Phakathi nokubusa kwabo, Abasebrithani bakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesingisi kangangokuthi abantu abaningi bamukela isingisi njengolimi lwabo abaluthandayo. Nokho izikole zazifundisa ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari, zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngo-1949, kwaqashelwa izinhlobo ezimbili Ezihlukene Zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu Zesidevanagari Nesi-Urdu, esibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesipheresiya nesi-arabhu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isihindi siye sathandwa kakhulu futhi manje siwulimi olukhulunywa Kakhulu Endiya.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi nomculi omkhulu wamasufi, owabhala ngesipheresiya, isi-arabhu nesihindi, kuthiwa wadala isitayela esihlukile somculo wakudala Wasendiya owaziwa ngokuthi iqawwali. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi Lwesihindustani kwaziwa kakhulu okuhlanganisa izakhi zesisanskrit nesipheresiya.
2. Usubhadra Kumari Chauhan: uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi " unightingale Wasendiya "ngenkondlo yakhe edumile ethi" Jhansi ki rani " esebenza njengogqozi lowesifazane wanamuhla Wasendiya.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumbhali okhiqiza kakhulu, isazi nomgxeki owabhala kabanzi ngezincwadi Zesihindi. Uphinde adunyiswe ngokwenza umphakathi wezincwadi ze - 'chhayawadi' owawufuna ukuthuthukisa isitayela esihlukile sezincwadi Zesihindi.
4. Umahadevi Verma: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomunye wamaphayona omzabalazo Wechhayawadi. Wayedume ngezinkondlo zakhe zobunyoninco futhi imibhalo yakhe yayiyindlela yokuphikisa izindinganiso zobu-orthodox.
5. Upremchand: ubhekwa njengombhali wezincwadi wasendiya omkhulu kunabo bonke Futhi ungumbhali wezindaba ezimfushane. Amanoveli akhe anikeza ukuqonda ngokuphila Endiya yangaphambi kokuzimela, futhi imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa kabanzi futhi yaziswa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe ohlelweni LWE-sov (subject-object-verb). Isebenzisa futhi umbhalo Wesidevanagari ukuze ibhalwe. Isihindi siwulimi olunezikhathi zokugcizelela olunokwakheka okucebile okuhlanganisa izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nokuhlanganiswa. Kukhona futhi ukuhlanganiswa okusekelwe ebulilini nasenombolweni.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Hindi ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Buka Movie Hindi nge izihlokwana. Ukubukela Amabhayisikobho Hindi kuyindlela enkulu ukujwayelana ulimi namasiko, kanye ukufunda amagama amasha kanye nezinkulumo. Thola movie ezithakazelisayo kuwe, wafaka izihlokwana bese uqale ukufunda.
2. Lalela podcasts kanye nomsakazo. Ukulalela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi. Lalela podcasts, izinhlelo indian radio, nomculo ukujwayelana imisindo Hindi.
3. Prakthiza ukubhala. Ukubhala kuyindlela enhle yokuzijwayeza uhlelo lolimi lwakho nokupela. Siseka ukubhala kokubili devanagari script kanye latin script.
4. Thatha ikilasi noma usebenzise okokufundisa online. Ukuthatha ikilasi noma usebenzisa isifundo online kungakusiza uthole isingeniso eziyisisekelo hindi lolimi kanye silulumagama.
5. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza mobile noma umdlalo. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeselula nemidlalo etholakalayo ezokusiza ufunde Isihindi ngendlela ejabulisayo nexhumanayo.
6. Gxila engxoxweni. Uma une ukuqonda okuhle eziyisisekelo, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuthuthukisa Hindi yakho iwukuba umkhuba ukukhuluma it. Thola umlingani ulimi, ukukhuluma nabantu bendawo uma uvakashela India, noma ukujoyina umphakathi hindi-abakhuluma online.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesifinnish ziye zaba ezifunwa kakhulu njengoba isifinnish sesibe ulimi olubaluleke ngokwengeziwe ebhizinisini lomhlaba wonke. Ukuhumushela olimini lwesifinnish kudinga ulwazi oluningi-hhayi olimini kuphela, kodwa nasemasikweni asefinland, ezisho kanye nemininingwane ehlukahlukene. Izinguqulo zesifinnish eziqeqeshiwe zidinga umhumushi onekhono kakhulu onokuqonda okujulile kolimi nolwazi olunzulu lwamasiko, kokubili okudingekayo ukuze kudluliswe umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile nangokunembile.

Isifinnish siwulimi olusemthethweni Efinland, kanti inani elikhulu labasebenzisi Bangamafinnish akhuluma isifinnish, kodwa kukhona nenani elikhulu labakhuluma isiswidi ezweni. Nakuba ihlobene kakhulu nesisweden, isifinnish siwulimi oluhluke ngokuphelele, olunohlelo lwayo lolimi namagama. Izikhulumi zomdabu zanoma yiluphi ulimi ngokuvamile zilwela ukuqondana ngenxa yokwehluka okukhulu phakathi kwalezi zilimi ezimbili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhumusha okuvela esingisini kuya esifinnish kufanele kwenziwe umhumushi onguchwepheshe onolwazi oluqinile ngalezi zilimi zombili.

Ngaphandle kokuba ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi, isifinnish sisetshenziswa kakhulu emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe nasezindabeni, okwenza inqubo yokuhumusha ibe nzima nakakhulu. Umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi olusha lwamagama nemiqondo esetshenzisiwe, kanye nokujwayelana nezidingo zokufometha ezihambisana nedokhumenti ukuze enze imiphumela enembile nenembile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhumushi kumelwe acabangele umehluko omncane wesakhiwo, ulimi oluvamile nokugcizelela okubonisa ulimi lwesifinnish futhi alunikeze ubuhle nobuhle balo obuyingqayizivele. Lokhu kungafezwa kuphela umuntu okhuluma isifinnish - okungcono umuntu ojwayelene nezilimi ezihlukahlukene zolimi, njengoba isifinnish sikhulunywa ngezilimi ezihlukahlukene ezweni lonke.

Uma ufuna umhumushi wasefinland ,ureiseka ukuthola umuntu onolwazi kakhulu, onokwethenjelwa futhi onobuciko. Abahumushi abahle kakhulu basefinland bayakwazi ukubamba ingqikithi yombhalo wokuqala ezinguqulweni zabo, kuyilapho becabangela ama-nuances amasiko olimi okuhloswe ngalo. Ukusebenza nomhumushi onjalo kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi wena noma umyalezo webhizinisi lakho udluliselwa ngokunembile nangempumelelo ezilalelini ezihlosiwe.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isifinnish?

Ulimi lwesifinnish luwulimi olusemthethweni Efinland, lapho lunezikhulumi zalo zomdabu, Nasesweden, E-Estonia, Enorway Naserussia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesifinnish?

Isifinnish siyingxenye yolimi Lwesifinnish Nesi-Ugric futhi sihlobene kakhulu nesi-estonia nezinye izilimi Zesi-Uralic. Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlobo zokuqala zesifinnish zazikhulunywa cishe ngo-800 ad, kodwa imibhalo ebhaliwe yolimi iqala ngekhulu le-16 ngokuhunyushwa Kwetestamente Elisha ngumikael Agricola ngesifinnish.
Ekhulwini le-19 Leminyaka Ifinland yayiyingxenye Yombuso waserussia, futhi isirashiya sasiwulimi lukahulumeni nemfundo. Ngenxa yalokho, isifinnish sabona ukwehla kokusetshenziswa futhi isimo saso njengolimi olusemthethweni sacindezelwa. Ngo-1906 isifinnish sathola isikhundla esilinganayo nesisweden, kwathi ngo-1919 isifinnish saba ulimi olusemthethweni Efinland eyayisanda kuthola inkululeko.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isifinnish siye savuselelwa ngendlela yesimanje, kwanezelwa amagama amasha namagama ababolekisi olimini. Manje ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Ze-European Union futhi isetshenziswa emsakazweni, kuthelevishini, kumafilimu nasezincwadini.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesifinnish?

1. U – Elias lönnrot (1802 1884): Ebhekwa "Njengobaba Wolimi lwesifinnish", U-Elias lönnrot wayengusosayensi wezilimi nomlobi wezincwadi zomdabu owahlanganisa I-Kalevala, i-epic kazwelonke Yasefinland. Wasebenzisa izinkondlo nezingoma ezindala ukuze adale inkondlo ebabazekayo eyayihlanganisa izilimi ezihlukahlukene zolimi zibe uhlobo oluhlangene.
2. Umikael Agricola (1510 1557): U-Agricola waziwa njengomsunguli wesifinnish esibhaliwe. Wabhala imibhalo yohlelo lolimi futhi wahumushela Itestamente Elisha olimini lwesifinnish, okwanceda ekuvumelaniseni ulimi. Imisebenzi yakhe isabalulekile nanamuhla.
3. Uj. V. snellman (1806 1881): Usnellman wayeyindoda yezombusazwe, isazi sefilosofi kanye nentatheli eyabhala kabanzi isekela ulimi lwesifinnish. Wathi kufanele inikezwe isikhundla esilinganayo nesisweden, futhi wacela nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko elihlukile lasefinland.
4. Ukaarle Akseli gallen – Kallela (1865 1931): Ugallen-Kallela wayengumculi nomqophi wezithombe owaphefumulelwa Yikalevala nezinganekwane zayo. Wasiza ekwandiseni ulimi lwesifinnish ngokwenza izindaba Zekalevala zifinyeleleke ezilalelini ezibanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko.
5. U – Eino Leino (1878 1926): Uleino wayengumbongi owabhala ngesifinnish nangesisweden. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi, futhi wabhala nezincwadi eziningana zohlelo lolimi ezisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Ulimi lwesifinnish lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Ulimi lwesifinnish lunesakhiwo esihlanganisayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagama adalwa ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukene, ngokuvamile ezinezijobelelo noma izijobelelo, kunokuba kube ngokuguquguquka. Lezi zingxenye zingahlanganisa amagama, izimelabizo, izenzi, nezichasiso kanye nezinhlayiya nezijobelelo.
Amagama ancipha abe yizimo ezingafika kwezingu-15 ezisebunyeni nezingafika kwezingu-7 ezisebuningini. Izenzo zihlanganiswa ngokomuntu, inombolo, isikhathi, isici, isimo, nezwi. Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zezenzi ezingajwayelekile. Izibizo nezichasiso zinamafomu aqhathanisayo nalawo aphakeme.
Isifinnish sinezilimi ezintathu eziyinhloko-izilimi zasentshonalanga, empumalanga nezasenyakatho. Kukhona nolimi oluhlukile esifundazweni esizimele Sase-Åland.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesifinnish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start izinto eziyisisekelo :in ngokufunda izinhlamvu zamagama zesifinnish nendlela yokubiza izinhlamvu ngendlela efanele. Khona-ke, funda imithetho eyisisekelo lolimi kanye silulumagama.
2. Sebenzisa izinsiza eziku-inthanethi: Sebenzisa izinto eziningi zokufunda eziku-inthanethi ezifana nezifundo zolimi lwesifinnish, izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi.
3. Gxila: Chitha isikhathi uxoxa nabantu abakhuluma isifinnish ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi nemininingwane yalo.
4. Practice: Prakthiza amakhono akho nsuku zonke ngokufunda izincwadi Finnish, ukulalela umculo Finnish nokubukela amafilimu Finnish.
5. Ungalokothi uyeke: Ukufunda ulimi olusha akulula, ngakho ungalokothi uyeke uma hit a roadblock. Yiba nesineke futhi uzibekele imigomo engokoqobo.