Tagalog Tatar Guqulela

Xhosa: Ukusondeza iiphilippines

Iphilippines lilizwe elaziwa ngenkcubeko yalo etyebileyo nedlamkileyo. Ukusuka kwiminyhadala yayo eyahlukileyo ukuya kulwimi lwayo olwahlukileyo, Isitagalog, inkcubeko Yephilippines ikwazile ukubamba abaphulaphuli abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Enye yeendlela inkcubeko Yakwiiphilippines esasazeke ngayo kwihlabathi liphela kukuguqulela iitekisi ezahlukeneyo Kwitagalog. Le nkqubo yokuguqulela isicatshulwa Ngesitagalog - okanye naluphi na olunye ulwimi kulo mbandela-yaziwa ngokuba 'yinguqulelo'.

Uguqulelo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, inika ukuqonda kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, inceda abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe baqonde imiba eyahlukileyo yenkcubeko Yakwiiphilippines. Okwesibini, ivala umsantsa phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo kwaye inika ithuba lokuba abantu bafunde kwaye bakhule kunye. Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulelwa kunika ithuba lokwabelana ngamabali kunye namava.

Nangona ukuguqulela kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa ihlabathi, akusoloko kulula ukufumana abaguquleli abasemgangathweni. Inkqubo yokuguqulela inokuba nzima kwaye ichitha ixesha, kuxhomekeke kubunzima besicatshulwa. Ngethamsanqa, kukho inani leenkonzo ezikhoyo ngoku ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukunceda ngenguqulelo Yesitagalog. Ezi nkonzo zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela ezisemgangathweni kubantu, amashishini, kunye nemibutho efuna ukuzisa uncwadi Lwasephilippines, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.

Ezi nkonzo zokuguqulela aziboneleli ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni kuphela, kodwa zikwanceda ukuxhasa ulwimi nenkcubeko Yakwiiphilippines ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ezigcina umongo wombhalo wantlandlolo. Ukongeza, uninzi lwezi nkonzo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yakutshanje ukuqinisekisa iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Umzekelo, ezinye iinkonzo zisebenzisa iinkqubo zobukrelekrele bokuzenzela ukufumana kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo kwiinguqulelo, ezinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki.

Ukongeza kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela, kukho inani lezixhobo ezikhoyo ezinceda ukuxhasa ukufunda Kwetagalog. Websites, if CabuyaoTagalog.com nikezela ngezixhobo eziluncedo ezinje ngeengcebiso zegrama kunye neencwadi ezisimahla ezikhutshelweyo. Ngokufanayo, ii-apps ezahlukeneyo ezinje Ngehellotalk Kunye Netagalogpod zikwanceda abantu ukuba bafunde kwaye basebenzise Itagalog kanye kwiifowuni zabo.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokunceda amabala enkcubeko, ukumanyanisa abantu kunye nezizwe, kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngombulelo kubuchwephesha bale mihla, le nkqubo yenziwe lula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ngoncedo lweenkonzo zokuguqulela, izixhobo, kunye neeapps, abantu abaninzi ngoku bayakwazi ukufumana ubuhle bolwimi nenkcubeko Yakwiiphilippines.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesitagalog?

Ulwimi lwesitagalog luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiiphilippines, apho lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci ezithethi kwiindawo Zasemelika, Ecanada, Esaudi Arabia, E-United Arab Emirates, E-United Kingdom, Eguam Nase-Australia.

Lithini igama lolwimi Lwesitagalog?

Isitagalog lulwimi Lwaseostreliya olusuka Kwiiphilippines. Lulwimi lokuqala lwabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-22, ubukhulu becala Kwiiphilippines, yaye luthethwa ngokubanzi njengolwimi lwesibini ngomnye oqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-66. Ifomu yayo ebhaliweyo, Iphilippines, yenye yeelwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni Zephilippines. Kukholakala ukuthi isitagalog sisuka kulimi lwase-philippine lwase-philippine, olwaluyilimi lwabantu ababephila ngaphambilini nababehlala Emanila Bay area. Ngenkulungwane ye-10, Isitagalog sasilulwimi olwahlukileyo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali basespain, Itagalog yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu yispanish, kwaye amagama amaninzi kunye nezakhiwo zegrama zabolekwa kwispanish. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Itagalog yaphenjelelwa ngakumbi sisingesi ngenkqubo Yobukoloniyali Basemelika. Emva kokufumana inkululeko kwi-1943, urhulumente Wasephilippines wakhuthaza kwaye wabeka emgangathweni ulwimi, kwaye ukusukela oko yaba sisiseko solwimi olusemthethweni lwephilippines, Iphilippines.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesitagalog?

1. Ufrancisco " Balagtas "Ubaltazar – imbongi eyaziwayo ngexesha lobukoloniyali basespain eyazisa kwaye yathandwa kwifom yombongo ebizwa ngokuba yi" balagtasan", esathandwa nanamhlanje.
2. U-Lope K. Santos-uthathwa njengoyise we-orthography yanamhlanje Yephilippines, owabhala incwadi yeseminal "Balarilang Pilipino" ngo-1940, eyayisebenza njengesikhokelo sesitagalog sokupela nokubiza amagama.
3. Unick Joaquin-imbongi edumileyo, umbhali wokudlala, umbhali wezincoko kunye nombhali weenoveli, imisebenzi yakhe yanceda ukudumisa Isitagalog njengolwimi loncwadi.
4. Ujosé Rizal-iqhawe lesizwe Lakwiiphilippines, elinemibhalo neentetho zalo zonke zabhalwa Ngesitagalog.
5. I-NVM Gonzalez-umbhali, utitshala kunye nomfundi wolwimi oye wanikela kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe ekuphuhlisweni kweencwadi Zesitagalog.

Njani ulwimi Lwesitagalog?

Ulwimi Lwesitagalog lunesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esidibanisa izinto Zeelwimi Zaseostreliya nezasespain. I-syntax yayo ubukhulu becala YI-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) ngokugxininisa kakhulu kwizilungisi. Ikwanayo nenkqubo yesimelabizo esivakalayo, izakhiwo zedilesi ezisesikweni nezingacwangciswanga, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesenzi esintsonkothileyo kunye namasuntswana. Ukongezelela, I-Tag inomxholo oqinileyo-focus word order.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesitagalog ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi Lwesitagalog kwisikolo solwimi lwendawo okanye ngenkqubo ekwi-intanethi.
2. Thenga iincwadi kunye nezixhobo zomsindo ukongeza imiyalelo yakho esesikweni.
3. Zama ukuthetha nokuphulaphula izithethi zesitagalog kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Bukela iimuvi Zesitagalog, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, kunye neevidiyo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okuthe kratya kwenkcubeko nolwimi.
5. Ziqhelise ukubhala Ngesitagalog ukuphucula upelo lwakho kunye negrama.
6. Funda Amaphephandaba Etagalog, amaphephancwadi, kunye namanqaku eendaba okufunda rhoqo.
7. Sebenzisa ii-apps kunye neewebhusayithi ukuze ufunde Itagalog ngokukhawuleza nangokulula.
8. Joyina amaqela kunye neeforamu apho unokuncokola nezithethi zomthonyama Zesitagalog.

I-Tatar lulwimi oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan, eyinxalenye yerussian Federation. Ulwimi Lwesiturkic kwaye lunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Zesiturkic ezinje ngesiturkish, isiuzbek, kunye nesikazakh. Kwakhona kuthethwa kwiindawo Ezithile Zaseazerbaijan, Eukraine Nasekazakhstan. I-Tatar lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasetatarstan kwaye lusetyenziswa kwezemfundo kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente.

Ngokwanda Kobukhosi baserussia, ulwimi lwesitatar lwenziwa lunyanzelekile ukuba lufunde ezikolweni kwiindawo ezaba yinxalenye Yetatarstan. Oku kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusetyenziswa kwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ngo-1990, ulwimi lwabona ukuvuselelwa kweentlobo njengoko kwenziwa imizamo yokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezikhoyo kwabo bafuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwitatar. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokugqiba inguqulelo yesitatar kukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo wesitatar. Oku kunenzuzo yokuchaneka, njengoko baya kuqhelana nemiba yolwimi. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokuba nobuchule kwiinkalo ezithile, njengenguqulelo yezomthetho, yezonyango neyezemali, ukuze bakwazi ukuguqulela ngendlela echanileyo.

Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqulela encediswa yikhompyutha. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukunceda izithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ziguqulele amaxwebhu ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Basebenzisa i-algorithms ukudibanisa amagama kunye namabinzana ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zisenokungabi zichanekile njengokufumana umguquleli jonga uxwebhu.

Kukho iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwitatar. Ezi nkonzo zihlala zilolona khetho lubiza kakhulu, kodwa azinakuqinisekisa umgangatho ofanayo nomguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ukuba ukhangela isisombululo esikhawulezayo nesingabizi kakhulu kwinguqulelo yesitatar, oku kunokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba usebenzisa inkonzo ethembekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi indlela oyithatha ngayo inguqulelo yakho yetatar, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ukuphepha iingxaki ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba nenguqulelo yobungcali ngokubanzi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufezekisa oku, kodwa ukuba iindleko ngumba, iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi okanye iinkqubo ezincediswa ngekhompyuter zinokunceda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar luthethwa kakhulu Erashiya, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6. Ikwathethwa kwamanye amazwe afana Neazerbaijan, Ikazakhstan, Ikyrgyzstan, Iturkey Neturkmenistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yikazan Tatar, lulwimi Lwaseturkey lweqela Lasekipchak elithethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan, ummandla waserussia Federation. Ikwathethwa nakwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, Uzbekistan Nasekazakhstan. Imbali yolwimi lwesitatar ibuyele kwinkulungwane ye-10 xa Ivolga Bulgars yamkela Amasilamsi kwaye yaba Ngamatatar anamhlanje. Ebudeni bexesha Legolden Horde (ngenkulungwane ye-13 ukusa kweye-15), Amatatar ayephantsi kolawulo lwasemongolia yaye ulwimi lwesitatar lwaqalisa ukuphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zesimongolia nezesipersi. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, olu lwimi luye lwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwalo nezinye iziyelelane Zaseturkey, kwakunye namagama abolekiweyo esiarabhu nasepersi. Ngenxa yoko, iye yaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo olwahlukileyo kwizalamane zayo ezisondeleyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi zommandla ziye zavela. Incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngolwimi lwesitatar yapapashwa ngowe-1584, eyayinomxholo othi "Divân-i Lügatitut-Türk". Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi lwesitatar luye lwaqatshelwa ngokwamanqanaba awahlukahlukeneyo Bubukhosi baserashiya nasemva Kwesoviet Union. Wanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Etatarstan ngexesha Lesoviet, kodwa wajamelana nokucinezelwa ngexesha Likastalin. Ngo-1989, ialfabhethi yesitatar yatshintshwa ukusuka Kwisicyrillic ukuya Kwisilatinized kwaye ngo-1998, Iriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan yabhengeza ulwimi lwesitatar njengolwimi olusemthethweni. Namhlanje, olu lwimi lusathethwa zizithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 Erashiya, ubukhulu becala phakathi koluntu lwamatatar.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitatar?

1. Ugabdulla Tukay (1850-1913): imbongi yesitatar kunye nombhali wemidlalo obhala ngeelwimi zesiuzbek, isirashiya, kunye nesitatar kwaye waba negalelo ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitatar kunye noncwadi.
2. I-tatar (inkulungwane ye-17): umbhali we-tatar owabhala igrama ebalulekileyo yolwimi lwesitatar kwaye ubizwa ngokuba nokuphuhlisa uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokubhala imibongo.
3. I-Tegähirä Askänavi (1885-1951): umphengululi wesitatar kunye nolwimi oluphando ngolwimi lwesitatar lwalubalulekile kuphuhliso lwayo.
4. Mäxämmädiar Zarnäkäev (ngenkulungwane ye-19): umbhali nembongi yesitatar eyabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sale mihla sesitatar yaza yanceda ekumiseleni ulwimi lwesitatar.
5. Ildär Faizi (1926-2007): umbhali wetatar kunye nentatheli eyabhala amabali amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngesitatar kwaye yanegalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lokubhala lwesitatar.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesitatar?

Isakhiwo solwimi lwesitatar sinobuchule, kunye ne-agglutinative morphology. Inamatyala amane (ukutyunjwa, i-genitive, accusative and locative) kunye namadoda amathathu (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter). Izenzi zidibanisa ngomntu, inani, kunye nomoya, kunye nezibizo zincipha ngetyala, isini, kunye nenani. Ulwimi lunenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezikhundla kunye namasuntswana anokubonisa izinto ezinje ngomba, ulwalathiso kunye nendlela yokuziphatha.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwizinto ezisemgangathweni – kukho inani lezixhobo zokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi nakwiivenkile zeencwadi, ke qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwezona zinto zilungileyo.
2. Ziqhelanise nealfabhethi-Ekubeni isitatar sibhalwe ngesicyrillic script, qiniseka ukuba uqhelene nealfabhethi ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda ukubiza kunye noxinzelelo-i-Tatar isebenzisa inkqubo enzima yokutshintsha kwezikhamiso kunye noxinzelelo kwiisilabhasi, ngoko uqhelise ukubiza kwakho kwaye ufunde ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezikhamiso ezixinzelelekileyo nezingaxinzelelekanga.
4. Ukuqhelana nemithetho yegrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo-ukuqonda kakuhle igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi kubalulekile xa kuziwa ekufundeni naluphi na ulwimi.
5. Mamela, ubukele kwaye ufunde-Ukumamela, ukubukela nokufunda ngesitatar kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nesandi solwimi, kunye nokukunika ukuziqhelanisa nesigama kunye namabinzana.
6. Yiba neencoko-Ukuncokola rhoqo nomntu othetha isitatar yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Zama ukuthetha kancinci kwaye ngokucacileyo ekuqaleni kwaye ungoyiki ukwenza iimpazamo.